WHAT IS ELECTRICAL DESIGN ENGINEER ROLE AND

ACTIVITY?
1. SPACE PLANNING
2. RMU ROOM, SUB-STATION ROOM, LV/MDB ROOM, TYPICAL
ELECTRICAL ROOM ARRANGEMENT AND SIZING, PLANT ROOM
ARRANGEMENT AND SIZING
3. SHAFT LOCATION AND SIZING
4. CABLE/BUS BAR ROUTING
5. LOAD CLASSIFICATION
6. LIGHTING LOAD, GENERAL SOCKET LOAD, APPLIANCE LOAD AND
EQUIPMENT LOAD ARRANGEMENT
7. LAYOUT PREPARATION(LIGHTING, POWER, ELECTRICAL ROOMS, CABLE
ROUNTING)
8. SCHEMATIC/SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM PREPARATION
9. LOAD SCHEDULE PREPARATION * ** ***
10. CABLE/BUS BAR SELECTION AND CALCULATION
11. LOAD BALANCING AND VALUE ENGINEERING
Kaseem Rahamathullah
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ATOM:
Atoms are the basic units of matter and the defining structure of
elements. Atoms are made up of three particles: protons, neutrons
and electrons.
1. In the normal atom the number of protons
equal to the number of electrons.
2. An atom as a whole is electrically neutral.
3. The electrons are arranged in different
orbits.
4. Electrons have attracting force towards
Nucleus. Closer orbit Electrons near
Nucleus have more attraction force than
the further orbit electrons.
Nucleus
5. Electron to Electron have opposing force Proton
between as same charge repelling each Neutron
other.
Orbit
6. Outer orbit Electrons can be liberated easily Electron
than inner orbit Electrons.
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Electric charge is the physical property of matter that causes it to
experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field. There
are two types of electric charges: positive and negative (commonly
carried by protons and electrons respectively).

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Like(Same) charges repel and unlike(opposite) charges attract.

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 An electric current is a flow of electric charge. In electric circuits
this charge is often carried by moving electrons in a wire.

The charge of one electron is so small that it makes it impractical

to use as a unit of electrical charge.

Coulomb is the practical unit adopted for measuring charges.

1 Coulomb =6.24x1018 Electrons

1 Ampere = 1 Coulomb/sec
Kaseem Rahamathullah
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VOLTAGE:
emf – electro motive force(The force motivating the
electron flow)

Voltage is electric potential energy per unit charge,

measured in joules per coulomb ( = volts).

Total work necessary to move the total

charge around a circuit or the work per charge.

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 Resistance is the measure of the
degree to which a conductor
opposes an electric current
through that conductor.

Resistivity is the
property which
resist
the flow of
Electron in
conductor. The
value of
resistivity differs
material to
material.

Kaseem Rahamathullah
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 ELECTRIC POWER

Electric power is the

rate of energy consumption
in an electrical circuit.
The electric power is
measured in units of watts.

Kaseem Rahamathullah
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ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION

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 Kaseem Rahamathullah
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 Kaseem Rahamathullah
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 θ(ωt)
Time(s)

Cycle

R
1 Cycle in 1 sec. is 1Hz.
Y
50Hz. means 50cycles in 1sec.
In 50Hz system 1cycle takes
Kaseem Rahamathullah
1/50sec or 20ms.
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 Kaseem Rahamathullah
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 Kaseem Rahamathullah
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 GENERATION-TRANSMISSION-DISTRIBUTION OVERVIEW
Conditions for SYNCHRONIZATION
1. Voltage 400/230V
Synchronizing 2. Frequency
DEWA X’mers
Relay 3. Phase Angle 1000kVA – 800kW
SW 4. Phase Sequence 1500kVA – 1200kW

G1 Δ/Δ Δ/Δ Δ/Δ Δ/Δ Δ/Δ Δ/Δ Δ/Ү

11/33/66kV 66/132/220kV 132/220/400kV 400/220/132kV 132/66/33kV 66/33/11kV 11/.4kV
SW

G2

SW CT
STEP UP STEP UP STEP UP STEP DOWN STEP DOWN STEP DOWN STEP DOWN SMALL CONSUMERS:
G3
TRANSFORMER TRANSFORMER TRANSFORMER TRANSFORMER TRANSFORMER TRANSFORMER TRANSFORMER Buildings, Villas,
Malls, Small Industries,
SW
etc.,
Power Grid
GN

HEAVY CONSUMERS:
Steel Mill, Rolling Mill, Sugar Factory,
Cement Factory, etc.,

GENERATION TRANSMISSION DISTRIBUTION

MV HV & EHV MV LV & ELV

TRANSFORMER:
POWER GENERATION:
1. Thermal – Diesel, Gas, Coal, Atomic
2. Hydro
3. Wind
4. Tidal
5. Geothermal
6. Solar VOLTAGE LEVEL EHV HV MV LV ELV
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RANGE 220kV-1200kV 66kV-220kV 1001V-66kV 50-1000V < 50
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 BACK

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 Kaseem Rahamathullah
*[email protected]*
 BUILDING LIFE CYCLE
1) PRE-CONSTRUCTION(DESIGN & APPROVAL)
i. CONCEPT DESIGN(INCEPTION & FEASIBILITY) -(CD)
 IDENTIFY THE PROJECT OBJECTIVES
 THE OWNER STARTS WITH A GENERAL IDEA ABOUT THE
DESIRED TYPE OF BUILDING.
 HOW THE SPACES ARE TO BE USED
 APPROXIMATE SQUARE FOOTAGE/FEASIBILITY STUDY
 SET UP PROJECT ORGANIZATION & MANAGEMENT
STRUCTURE
ii. SCHEMATIC DESIGN -(SD)
iii. DETAIL DESIGN -(DD)
iv. TENDER DESIGN -(TD) APPROVALS
v. ISSUE FOR CONSTRUCTION -(IFC)

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 DRAWINGS
SHOP DRAWING
COORDINATION LAYOUT (FLOOR & ROOF)
2) CONSTRUCTION RCP LAYOUT
1) MOBILIZATION TILE LAYOUT
PT DESIGN LAYOUT
2) FIRST FIX SERVICE ROOM LAYOUT
3) SECOND FIX CONTAINMENT LAYOUT
BUILDER’S WORK DRAWING
4) FINAL FIX RED LINE DRAWING
5) TESTING & PRE-COMMISSIONING AS BUILT DRAWING
6) COMMISSIONING DOCUMENTS
COMPLIANCE STATEMENT
7) HANDING OVER(TO OCCUPY) MATERIAL SUBMITTAL
8) DEFECTS & LIABILITY METHOD STATEMENT
OPERATION & MAINTENANCE MANUAL
9) FINAL HANDING OVER
3) POST-CONSTRUCTION(MAINTENANCE)
i. PREVENTIVE/SCHEDULED
ii. CORRECTIVE/REPAIRE/BREAK DOWN
iii. PREDICTIVE/MONITORED

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 DIFFERENT TYPE OF PROJECTS

1) VILLA
2) SMALL INDUSTRIES
3) RESIDENTIAL BUILDING
4) COMMERCIAL BUILDING
5) MIXED DEVELOPMENT
6) MALLS
7) HOTEL
8) HOSPITAL
9) AIRPORT
10) RAILWAY
11) INDUSTRIAL
12) SCHOOL, COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITIES
13) FARM

Kaseem Rahamathullah
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 FLOW OF BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
1. CLIENT, OWNER, LAND LORD, DEVELOPER, REAL ESTATE,
GOVERNMENT AUTHORITY
CLIENT REPRESENTATIVE
RESIDENT ENGINEER
2. CONSULTANT
ARCHITECTURE, CIVIL, STRUCTURAL, MEP

3. MAIN CONTRACTOR
CIVIL, ARCHITECTURE, INTERIOR, EXTERIOR, LANDSCAPING

4. SUB-CONTRACTOR
HVAC, ELECTRICAL, ELV, PLUMBING, FIRE FIGHTING

5. SUPPLIER/DEALER

6. MANUFACTURER

Kaseem Rahamathullah
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 BUILDING DESIGN GUIDELINES
ARCHITECTURE
 Height Requirements
 Room Dimensions
 Corridor Requirements(Width & Height)
 Opening Requirements(For ventilation, Light, Door, Windows)
 Basement Floor Requirements
 Roof Floor Requirements
 Stair Requirements
 Elevator Requirements
 Ramp Requirements
 Car Parking Requirements
 Handicapped Requirements
 Mosques
 Restaurant Requirements
 Hotel & Serviced Apartment Requirements
 Loading Spaces
 Garbage Rooms and Collection Requirements
 Construction Requirement(Loads, Design requirements)
Kaseem Rahamathullah
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ELECTRICAL DOCUMENTS USED IN CONSTRUCTION
1. LAYOUTS - LIGHTING LAYOUT, POWER LAYOUT, SUB-STATION AND LV
ROOM LAYOUT
 To show physical locations of Appliances and receptacles
 To show dimensions of installation
 To show routings
2. LOAD SCHEDULE
 To show ratings, individual phase load values, calculation bases
 To show load summary, Detailed quantities
3. SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM
 To show accessories and their installation order locations
 To show Metering
 To show riser arrangement
4. SPECIFICATION
 To provide standards and regulations
 To narrate project requirement
 To narrate technical requirement
5. VENDOR LIST

Kaseem Rahamathullah
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 STANDARDS
 GEOGRAPHICAL REQUIREMENT
 ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENT
 ECONOMICAL REQUIREMENT
 UNIT ADOPTATION REQUIREMNT

INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS
IEC -International Electro-technical Commission
BS -British Standard
IEEE -International Electrical and Electronics Engineers
NEMA -National Electrical Manufacturer Association
NEC -National Electric Code
NFPA -National Fire Protection Association
ASHRAE -American Standard for Heating Refrigeration and Air-conditioning
Engineers
CIBSE -Charted Institute for Building Science Engineers
LOCAL STANDARDS
ADDC -Abu Dhabi Distribution Company
DEWA -Dubai Electricity and Water Authority
SEWA -Sharjah Electricity and Water Authority
Kaseem Rahamathullah
FEWA - Federal Electricity and Water Authority
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 TYPES OF POWER
1. APPARENT POWER, PASSIVE POWER-All sources - VA
 GENERATOR, TRANSFORMER, UPS
2. REAL POWER, TRUE POWER, ACTIVE POWER, USEFULL POWER – All
Loads(Resistive, Inductive) – W
 LIGHTING, MOTOR, HEATER, etc.,
3. REACTIVE POWER- Capacitive- VAr
 CAPACITOR PANEL, SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR

POWER/REPRESENTATION 1Φ 3Φ k 3Φ
APPARENT POWER (S) VI (VA) VI
VI (VA) (kVA)

REAL POWER (P) VIcosθ (W) VIcosθ

VIcosθ (W) (kW)

REACTIVE POWER (Q) VIsinθ (VAr) VIsinθ

VIsinθ (VAr) (kVAr)

Kaseem Rahamathullah
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 LOAD TYPES
RESISTIVE LOAD – Electric Heaters, Incandescent Lamp

INDUCTIVE LOAD – Motors, Solenoid valves, Ballast

CAPACITIVE LOAD- Radio Circuits, Synchronous Motor,

Capacitor Bank, TV picture tubes, Buried cables

Kaseem Rahamathullah
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LOAD CHARACTERISTICS

P=V I (W) P=V I cosθ (W) P=V I sinθ (VAr)

Kaseem Rahamathullah
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 CHILLER MCC
RF
SMDB-6 DB-6-1 DB-6-2 DB-6-3 DB-6-4 DB-6-5

POWER kWHr Meters M M M M M

DISTRIBUTION 6TH FLR

METHOD SMDB-5 DB-5-1 DB-5-2 DB-5-3 DB-5-4 DB-5-5

kWHr Meters M M M M M

5HT FLR
SMDB-4 DB-4-1 DB-4-2 DB-4-3 DB-4-4 DB-4-5

kWHr Meters M M M M M

4TH FLR
SMDB-3 DB-3-1 DB-3-2 DB-3-3 DB-3-4 DB-3-5

CAPACITOR M M M M M
PANEL SMDB-LL 3RD FLR
SMDB-2 DB-2-1 DB-2-2 DB-2-3 DB-2-4 DB-2-5

M M M M M
2ND FLR
SMDB-1 DB-1-1 DB-1-2 DB-1-3 DB-1-4 DB-1-5

M M M M M

M
1ST FLR
SMDB-GF DB-G-1 DB-G-2 DB-G-3
MDB
M M M
TRANSFORMER
Ү GF
MOBILE GENERATOR
PROVISION G Δ SMDB-B DB-B-1 DB-B-2

Kaseem Rahamathullah
RMU *[email protected]* BF 
 MOBILE GENERATOR
STANDBY GENERATOR
Δ PROVISION
TRANSFORMER G
Ү G
ATS
MDB EMDB

EMERGENCY
CAP. BANK LIFT,
TRANSFER, BOOSTER,
RF BOOSTER,
LIGHTING

ESCALATOR SUMP PUMPS

SYSTEM, STAIRECASE
LIGHT UPS
FIRE, SMOKE MGMNT. GSM, TELEPHONE,
SYSTEM, FRESH AIR, LPG, FREEZER
SMDB-1 SMDB-2 SMDB-N JOCKEY PUMPS EXHAUST SYSTEM

UDB
CHILLER MCC SMDB-LL

Basic
→ NON-ESSENTIAL
→ ESSENTIAL
→ CRITICAL FIRE ALARM ACCESS CONTROL
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SYSTEM BMS SERVER PA SYSTEM
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LINE – CARRYING THE ACTUAL POWER(V & I), LINE IS HIGH POTENTIAL.
DELIVERS CURRENT TO LOADS.
NEUTRAL – NEUTRAL IS ZERO POTENTIAL. WORKS AS CLOSED LOOP PATH
FOR CURRENT. DRAIN POINT/WAY FOR UNUSED CURRENT.
EARTH – SAFETY SYSTEM. THE PROCESS OF TRANSFERRING THE IMMEDIATE
DISCHARGE OF THE ELECTRICAL ENERGY DIRECTLY TO THE EARTH BY THE
HELP OF THE LOW RESISTANCE WIRE. LOW RESISTANCE POINT.

COLOR CODE USED IN ALL PROJECTS COLOR CODE USED IN AIR PORT PROJECTS

Kaseem Rahamathullah
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1P/SP
CB
3P/TP
1PN/SPN
CB CB
SP MCB TP MCB
NL

DP/2P 3PN/TPN

CB CB

NL
DP MCB
4P MCB
4P

CB

Kaseem Rahamathullah
*[email protected]* NL – NEUTRAL LINK 