For Ed.D.

Students:
8:00 am to 12:00 nn
1. Advanced Statistics
2. Psychologies of Learning
1:00 - 5:00 p.m
3. Data Analysis and Interpretation
4. Comparative Education

Stat 1&2, Research 1&2, Psychologies of Learning, & Comparative Education.

A. Systems analysis study ang duha ka analysis, swot kag pestle

B. Psych learning
1. Readiness and conditioning 😂
2. Multiple Intelligences, whole brain
C. Comparative
1.Meaning, learning objectives and inclusion of comparative educ to grad school
2. Effects of ff to educational development:
a. Language, race
b. Religious sector: catholic, angelical, protestant
c. Humanism, Socialism, nationalism

Stat 1-

Test 1. Differentiate

Descriptive vs Inferential
Para vs Non Para
Sample vs Population
0.05 vs.0.01
Compare(similarities)
Ind t-test and Mann Whitney
Pearson and Spearman Rank
Interval and Ratio
II. Steps in considering appropriate statistical tool
III. Given table and info.
Questions: skewnness, variability, homogenous or heterogenous
IV. Sample situations.
Conduct the 7 steps of hypothesis testing

Maobra resèarch table maam

A. Hypothesis testing
B. Research table
C. Interpretation with implications

Stat 2:

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Test 1. Mann whitney
Wilcoxon
Point biserial
Factor analysis
Fishers test

Meaning and assumptions

Test 2. Quanti vs quali (purpose, format, data type, etc)

Test 3: maya ara given situation & spss data
Give the ff:
dependent & independent variables, statistical tool
research questions
Table and interpretation

Focus on differences and similarities of terms, converting SPSS outputs into research tables with
interpretations

Comparative

1.Meaning, learning objectives and inclusion of comparative educ to grad school

2. Effects of ff to educational development
A. Language, race
B. Religious sector: catholic, angelical, protestant
C: Humanism, Socialism, nationalism

Educational planning, system analysis, admin leadership, and seminar in educ mngt
Systems analysis study ang duha ka analysis, swot kag pestle
Seminar, present ka sang training design (situation is given)

Types of Variables

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1. Independent Variables 1. Dependent Variables
An independent variable, The dependent variable is simply
sometimes called an experimental that, a variable that is dependent on
or predictor variable, is a variable an independent variable(s).
that is being manipulated in an
experiment to observe the effect on
a dependent variable.
2. Experimental Research 2. Non-Experimental
In experimental research, the aim In non-experimental research, the
is to manipulate an independent researcher does not manipulate the
variable(s) and then examine the independent variable(s). This is not
effect that this change has on a to say that it is impossible to do so,
dependent variable(s) but it will either be impractical or
unethical to do so.
3. Categorical Variables 3. Continuous Variables
Categorical variables are also Continuous variables are also
known as discrete variables. known as quantitative variables.
Categorical variables can be further Continuous variables can be further
categorized as either nominal, categorized as either interval or
ordinal or dichotomous ratio variables.
A. Nominal A. Interval
Nominal variables are Variables are variables for which
variables that have two or more their central characteristic is that
categories, but which do not they can be measured along a
have an intrinsic order. continuum, and they have a
For example, "type of numerical value.
property" is a nominal variable For example, temperature
with 4 categories called houses, measured in degrees Celsius or
condos, apartments, and Fahrenheit
bungalows.
B. Dichotomous B. Ratio
Variables are nominal variables Variables are interval variables,
which have only two categories but with the added condition that
or levels. 0 (zero) of the measurement
For example, gender, "male" or indicates that there is none of
"female". that variable.
For example, height, mass,
distance and many more.
C. Ordinal

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 Variables that have two or more
categories just like nominal
variables only the categories can
also be ordered or ranked.
For example, Likert scale,
"Strongly Agree, Agree,
Disagree, Strongly disagree”

SAMPLING
Sampling is an important component of any piece of research because of
the significant impact that it can have on the quality of your results/findings.
Population In sampling, a population signifies the units that we are
interested in studying. These units could
be people, cases and pieces of data.

Parameters The properties of populations, like the mean or

standard deviation, are called parameters as they
represent the whole population

Sample A sample is a smaller set (subset) of data that a

researcher chooses or selects from a larger population
using a pre-defined selection method.
Statistics Properties of samples, such as the mean or standard
deviation.

Sampling The purpose of sampling techniques is to help you

techniques select units (e.g., Facebook users) to be included in
your sample (e.g., of 500 Facebook users).
There are two groups of sampling technique:
probability sampling techniques and non-probability
sampling techniques.

1. Probability Probability sampling techniques use random selection

sampling to help you select your sample from the population
techniques (equal chances are given to be included in the
sampling).

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 These types of probability sampling technique
include simple random sampling, systematic random
sampling, stratified random sampling and cluster
sampling.

2. Non- Non-probability sampling techniques refer on the

Probability subjective judgement of the researcher when selecting
sampling units from the population to be included in the sample.
techniques (Not all are given equal chances to be included in the
sampling).
The types of non-probability sampling technique you
are likely to come across include quota sampling,
purposive sampling, convenience sampling, snowball
sampling and self-section sampling.

Analysis of Data
Descriptive Statistics Inferential Statistics
 Descriptive statistics is the term  Inferential statistics are
given to the analysis of data that techniques that allow us to use
helps describe, show, or these samples to make
summarize data in a meaningful generalizations about the
way such that, for example, populations from which the
patterns might emerge from the samples were drawn.
data.  Testing hypotheses to draw
 Descriptive statistics do not, conclusions about populations
however, allow us to make (for example, the relationship
conclusions beyond the data we between MTAP scores and family
have analyzed or reach income).
conclusions regarding any  They are used to check whether
hypotheses we might have there is significant difference or
made. relationship in the variables.
 They are simply a way to
describe our data.
Two general types of statistic that
are used to describe data:
1. Measures of central tendency
These are ways of describing
the central position of a

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 frequency distribution for a
group of data.
We can describe this central
position using a number of
statistics, including the mode,
median, and mean.
Mean
 The mean (or average) is the
most popular and well-known
measure of central tendency.
 It can be used with both
discrete and continuous data,
although its use is most often
with continuous data.
 The mean is equal to the sum
of all the values in the data set
divided by the number of values
in the data set
Median
 The median is the middle score
for a set of data that has been
arranged in order of magnitude.
 Our median mark is the middle
mark
Mode
 The mode is the most frequent
score in the data set.
 You can, therefore, sometimes
consider the mode as being the
most popular option.
 Normally, the mode is used for
categorical data where we wish
to know which is the most
common category.

2. Measures of spread
These are ways of summarizing
a group of data by describing
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how spread out the scores are.
For example, the mean score of
our 100 students may be 65 out
of 100. However, not all
students will have scored 65
marks. Some will be lower and
others higher.
To describe this spread, a
number of statistics are
available to us, including the
range, quartiles, absolute
deviation, variance and
standard deviation.