PIS-L. What is the size of the address space in each of the following systems? a, A system in which each address is only 16 bits. b. A system in which each address is made of six hexadecimal digits. c. A system in which each address is made of four octal digits. PIS-2. Rewrite the following IP addresses using binary notation: a, 110.115.88 b. 1274.16.18 e. 201.24.44.32 PI8-3. Rewrite the following IP addresses using dotted-decimal notation: a, 61011110 10110000 01110101 00010101 b. 10001001 10001110 11010000 00110001 ¢. 01010111 10000100 00110111 09001111 PIS-4. Find the class of the following classful IP addresses: a, 130.34.54.12 b, 200.34.2.1 ¢. 245.34.2.8 PIS-5. Find the class of the following classful IP addresses: a, 01110112 11110011 10000112 11011101 b, 11101111 11000000 11110000 00011101 ¢, 11011111 10110000 00011111 01011101 P18-6. In classless addressing, show the whole address space as a single block using the CIDR notation, PIS-7. Inclassless addressing, what is the size of the block (N) if the value of the pre- fix length (7) is one of the following? an=0 bona « n=32 PIS-8. Inclassless addressing, what is the value of the prefix length (n) if the size of the block (1¥) is one of the following? aN b. N= 1024 « N=2” P18-9. Change each of the following prefix lengths to a mask in dotted-decimal notation: a.n=0 bon=14 1 =30 18-10. Change each of the following masks to a prefix length: a. 255.224.0.0 b. 255.240.0.0 ¢. 255.255.255.128 18-11. Which of the following cannot be a mask in CIDR? a. 255.225.0.0 b. 255.192.0.0 . 255.255.2556 P18-12. Each of the following addresses belongs to a block. Find the first and the last, address in each block. a. 14,12.72.8/24 b. 200.107.16.17/18 ©. 70.110.19.17/16 P18-13. Show the 7 leftmost bits of the following network-addresses/masks that can be used ina forwarding table. a. 170.40.11.0/24 b. 110.40.240.0/22 ©. 70.14.0.0/18P18-18. P18-19. P18-20. P18-21. P18-22. P18-23. P18-24. P18-25. Assume we have an internet with a 9-bit address space. The addresses are divided between three networks (Ny to N3), with 64, 192, and 256 addresses respectively. The internetwork communication is done through a router with three interfaces (my to m,). Show the internet outline and the forwarding table (with two columns: prefix in binary and the interface number) for the only router that connects the networks. Assign a network address to each network. Combine the following three blocks of addresses into a single block: a. 16.27.24.0/26 b. 16.27.24.64/26 ¢. 16.27.24.128/25 A large organization with a large block address (12.44.184.0/21) is split into one medium-size company using the block address (12.44.184.0/22) and two small organizations. If the first small company uses the block (12.44.188.0/23), what is the remaining block that can be used by the second small company? in how the datagrams destined for the two small companies can be cor rectly routed to these companies if their address blocks still are part of the company. An ISP is granted the block 16.12.64.0/20. The ISP needs to allocate addresses for 8 organizations, each with 256 addresses. a. Find the number and range of addresses in the ISP block. b, Find the range of addresses for each organization and the range of unallo- cated addresses. c. Show the outline of the address distribution and the forwarding table. An ISP is granted the block 80.70.56.0/21. The ISP needs to allocate addresses for two organizations each with 500 addresses, two organizations each with 250 addresses, and three organizations each with 50 addresses. a. Find the number and range of addresses in the ISP block. b. Find the range of addresses for each organization and the range of unallo- cated addresses. c. Show the outline of the address distribution and the forwarding table. An organization is granted the block 130.56.0.0/16. The administrator wants tocreate 1024 subnets. a. Find the number of addresses in each subnet. b. Find the subnet prefix. . Find the first and the last address in the first subnet. . Find the first and the last address in the last subnet. Can router RI in Figure 18.35 receive a packet with destination address 140.24.7.194? What will happen to the packet if this occurs? Assume router R2 in Figure 18.35 receives a packet with destination address 140.24.7.42. How is the packet routed to its final destination?P19-2. An IP datagram has arrived with the following partial information in the header (in hexadecimal): 45000054 00030000 2006. a. What is the header size? b. Are there any options in the packet? c. What is the size of the data? d. Is the packet fragmented? e. How many more routers can the packet travel to? {. What is the protocol number of the payload being carried by the packet? P19-7. Determine if a datagram with the following information is a first fragment, a middle fragment, a last fragment, or the only fragment (no fragmentation): a. M bit is set to 1 and the value of the offset field is zero. b. M bits set to I and the value of the offset field is nonzero. 20-8. Assume that the network in Figure 20.34 uses distance-vector routing with the forwarding table as shown for each node. Figure 20.34 Problem P20-8 vam> vow> TWORK LAYER If each node periodically announces their vectors to the neighbor using the poison-reverse strategy, what is the distance vector advertised in the appropri- ate period: a. from AtoB? b, fromCtoD? c. fromD to B? d. fromCtoA?20-9. Q21-4. P21-4, 21-7. Assume that the network in Figure 20.34 (previous problem) uses distance yector routing with the forwarding table as shown for each node. If each node periodically announces their vectors to the neighbor using the split-horizon strategy, What is the distance vector advertised in the appropriate period: a. fiom A toB? b. fromCtoD? c. fron DtoB? d. fromCtoA? Define the group of each of the following multicast addresses (local network control block, internetwork control block, SSM block, Glop block, or admin- istratively scoped block): a. 224.0.1.7 b. 232.7.14.8 ©. 239,14.10.12 Change the following IP multicast addresses to Ethernet multicast addresses. How many of them specify the same Ethernet address? a. 224.18.72.8 — b. 235.18.728 — c. 237.18.6.88 — d. 224.88.12.8 Router A sends a unicast RIP update packet to router B that says 134.23.0.0/ 16 is 7 hops away. Network B sends an update packet to router A that says 13.23.0.0/16 is 4 hops away. If these two routers are connected to the same network, which one is the designated parent router?