"The Influence of Sleep Deprivation on Academic Outcomes Among Senior High School Students at

Becuran High School"

Chapter 1: Introduction

1.1 Background of the study 18%

It is a very vital physiological process in the life of every human being, which is strongly related to his
physical, mental, and emotional well-being. Sleep is critical among adolescents, particularly senior high
school students, for growth and development, as well as for cognitive functions directly impacting
academic performances. Despite its importance, chronic sleep deprivation is experienced by many high
school students due to a variety of reasons including academic workload, extra-curricular activities,
social pressures, and increasing use of technology.

The expectation of balancing their academic responsibilities with adequate rest is a tall order for most
students in Becuran High School, and even in most academic institutions. Most often, students fall
between satisfactorily meeting expectations in schoolwork, preparations for college entrance exams, and
involvement in other after-school activities that leave them sacrificing their sleep time. Such a situation
calls into question the consequences for students' academic performance, grades, participation in class,
and cognitive functioning.

Past research has documented that sleep deprivation is associated with disturbances in cognitive skills
such as memory, attention to details, problem-solving, and critical thinking skills which are crucial in
academic classes. Research also shows that sleep-deprived students perform poorly in examinations and
have overall poor academic performances accompanied by high levels of stress. While this relationship is
documented in general between sleep deprivation and academic performance, limited research has
been done in the specific context of senior high school students in Becuran High School.

Pressures of senior high school are also greater, with increased academic expectations and
extracurricular involvement and transition into colleges or the workforce. This would, therefore, make
this group more sensitive to sleep deprivation. The study will, therefore, investigate the level at which
sleep deprivation affects the academic performance of students by identifying the major factors leading
to sleep inadequacy and the aftermath of sleep loss in their performance at school.

Such an understanding of the relation of sleep deprivation to academic success will provide a clear basis
for effective interventions. If sleep-related issues were to be addressed, improvement would not only be
observed in academic performance but in the overall student well-being as well. Such understanding of
challenges faced by senior high school students at Becuran High School, with recommendations for
promoting healthier sleep habits to support academic achievement, will be added by the present
research.
1.2 Statement of the Problem 11%

This study seeks to answer the following questions:

1. How widespread is sleep deprivation among the senior high school students in Becuran High
School?
2. To what extent does sleep deprivation affect the academic performances of senior high school
students?
3. Is there a significant relationship between the number of hours of sleep and the academic
performance of the students?
4. What factors are contributing to their sleep deprivation?

1.3 Hypothesis of the study 0%

Hypotheses to guide this study are listed below:

Null Hypothesis (H₀):

There is no significant relationship between sleep deprivation and the academic performance of senior
high school students at Becuran High School.

Alternative Hypothesis (H₁):

Pearson's r showed a negative significant correlation between sleep deprivation and the academic
performance of senior high school students at Becuran High School; the more sleep-deprived the
students were, the lesser their academic performance.

1.4 Significance of the Study 0%

This will benefit several stakeholders in several ways, including:

Students: By placing them in an informed position to make better decisions about time management and
sleeping habits that might improve academic outcomes, based on the understanding of how sleep
deprivation affects academic outcomes.

Teachers: The findings will present teachers with information that will help better support such students
who may often fight with sleep loss and hence propose classroom strategies that promote improved
academic outcomes.

Parents: This research should further help them understand the sleep behaviors displayed within their
households and their relationship to their children's academic performance.

It can also be used to inform school policies regarding homework load, extracurricular activities, and
school start times in light of the findings about sleep deprivation.

Future Researchers: This study will add to the knowledge base on sleep and academic performance and
can be used as a reference for any future studies about the subject.
1.5 Scope and Limitation 17%

Scope

This research will look into how sleep deprivation has affected or has been affecting the academic
performance of senior high school students in Becuran High School for the school year 2023–2024. The
study shall be conducted on students from Grade 11 and Grade 12 by surveying them concerning
sleeping habits, sleep duration, and academic performance concerning grades and test results. The study
also explores the sleep deprivation factors among students, such as academic workload, extracurricular
activities, and technology use. Information will be sourced from self-reported survey forms and
academic records to be provided by the students.

This present research will therefore establish a relationship between sleep deprivation and academic
outcomes, showing precisely how sleep insufficiency negatively affects the academic performance of
students. It will focus on measuring such effects that sleep insufficiency has on cognitive functions like
memory, attention, and problem-solving, which have direct relevance to students' grades and overall
academic success.

Limitation

Certain limitations are evident in the following study. The data on sleep patterns was collated from the
subjective self-reporting of the students, which may be inexact due to incorrect recall or possible over or
underreporting of symptoms. The study does not consider other predictor variables for academic
performance, such as socioeconomic status, mental disorders, and family support mechanisms.

It will further be limited to a population of students in senior high school in the Becuran High School
itself, which may limit generalizability from this study to other schools or student populations that may
have other academic structures or cultural contexts. The study also has been designed to measure short-
term academic outcomes, such as recent grades, rather than the long-term impact of chronic sleep
deprivation. Lastly, other variables such as the availability of academic resources or different teaching
methodologies might contribute to academic performance but are not part of this study.

1.6 Definition of Terms 26%

Sleep Deprivation: A state of not having enough sleep; the condition is both chronic and acute and
influences performance and health.

Academic Outcomes: Quantifiable measures of academic performance, including grades, GPA, and test
scores.

Senior High School Students: These are the students who are enrolled in Grades 11 and 12, ages 16 to 18
years, respectively, at Becuran High School.
CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Hershner, S. (2020b). Sleep and academic performance: measuring the impact of sleep. Current Opinion in
Behavioral Sciences, 33, 51–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cobeha.2019.11.009

According to Hershner (2020) highlights the significant impact of sleep on academic performance, emphasizing that
consistent sleep patterns are linked to better grades. While past research focused on the negative effects of
insufficient sleep, new studies underscore the importance of sleep consistency and circadian preferences. Although
later high school start times can increase sleep duration, they do not necessarily improve GPA but do enhance
mood and well-being. The development of devices to monitor sleep habits may assist students in improving their
sleep behaviors and academic outcomes. Hershner advocates for schools to implement policies that support
healthy sleep among students.

Alfonsi, V., Scarpelli, S., D’Atri, A., Stella, G., & De Gennaro, L. (2020). Later school start time: The impact of sleep on
academic performance and health in the adolescent population. International Journal of Environmental Research
and Public Health, 17(7), 2574. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072574

In a study conducted by Alfonsi et al. (2020) emphasize the critical importance of sleep for both physical and
mental health, particularly during adolescence, a period marked by significant developmental changes. Recent
research has increasingly focused on the link between adolescent sleep patterns and academic performance,
highlighting how various environmental and biological factors can disrupt circadian and homeostatic sleep
regulation. A substantial proportion of adolescents suffer from inadequate sleep, resulting in chronic sleep
deprivation and disrupted sleep-wake cycles, which in turn negatively impact learning and daytime functioning. The
review by Alfonsi and colleagues examines recent studies on the effects of adjusted school start times on sleep
patterns and associated outcomes, offering insights for future research aimed at developing prevention and
treatment strategies through sleep timing modifications.

Alfonsi, V., Palmizio, R., Rubino, A., Scarpelli, S., Gorgoni, M., D’Atri, A., Pazzaglia, M., Ferrara, M., Giuliano, S., & De
Gennaro, L. (2020). <p>The Association Between School Start Time and Sleep Duration, Sustained Attention, and
Academic Performance</p> Nature and Science of Sleep, Volume 12, 1161–1172.
https://doi.org/10.2147/nss.s273875

In their 2021 study Alfonsi et al. (2020), during adolescence, both physiological factors, such as circadian and
homeostatic sleep regulation, and social habits contribute to delayed sleep onset, while social obligations often
necessitate an early wake time. However, the impact of delayed school start times on both subjective and objective
measures of sleep-wake patterns and academic performance remains inconclusive.

Alotaibi, A., Alosaimi, F., Alajlan, A., & Abdulrahman, K. B. (2020). The relationship between sleep quality, stress,
and academic performance among medical students. Journal of Family and Community Medicine, 27(1), 23.
https://doi.org/10.4103/jfcm.jfcm_132_19

According to Alotaibi, Alosaimi, Alajlan, and Abdulrahman (2020), sleep is critical for the optimal functioning of the
body, mind, memory, and learning. Despite its importance, the literature has not adequately explored the
relationship between sleep quality, stress, and academic performance. Their study aimed to evaluate sleep quality
and psychological stress among medical students and to investigate how these factors correlate with academic
outcomes.
Garcia, G. L., Recio, A. B., Ilagan, M., Escueta, H. G., Morales, Z. D., & Torres, N. (2023). The relationship of sleep
hours on the academic performance and classroom participation of senior high school students. Edukasiana Jurnal
Inovasi Pendidikan, 2(3), 222–236. https://doi.org/10.56916/ejip.v2i3.409

In their study Garcia et al. (2023) conducted a study that revealed students averaged six hours of sleep per night.
However, the research found no significant correlation between the amount of sleep and academic performance or
classroom participation. This suggests that other factors, such as motivation, subject interest, teaching methods,
classroom environment, and individual learning styles, may have a more substantial influence on students'
academic outcomes and engagement. Further investigation into these factors could offer valuable insights for
improving educational experiences.

Scrimgeour, M. (n.d.-b). A brief look at early school start times. https://eric.ed.gov/?

q=The+Influence+of+Sleep+Deprivation+on+Academic+Outcomes+Among+Senior+High+School+Students+in+the+
Philippines+&id=ED618984

According to Scrimgeour (n.d.-b), research indicates that early secondary school start times significantly contribute
to sleep deprivation among American adolescents, despite the critical importance of sufficient sleep for students.
The literature suggests that delaying school start times could effectively address this issue, leading to improved
sleep patterns, better physical and mental health, enhanced safety, and improved academic outcomes. As such, this
evidence is essential in guiding decisions on potential changes to start times within the Wake County Public School
System (WCPSS) and other districts considering similar adjustments.

Sygaco, K. P. (2020). The correlation of sleep and academic performance. Asian J. Interdicip. Res, 47(57), 47.

According to Sygaco (2020), sleep is crucial for maintaining balance in daily life, as it replenishes energy expended
during the day. Inadequate sleep can negatively impact the health and academic performance of teenagers. A study
involving Grade 12 STEAM students from Silliman University Senior High School revealed that these students, who
were often overwhelmed with academic responsibilities, averaged between 6.85 and 7.40 hours of sleep per night,
falling short of the recommended 8 to 10 hours. Despite this shortfall, the study found no significant linear
correlation between sleep duration and academic performance. Additionally, while some students experienced
partial sleep deprivation due to academic and extracurricular demands, the study highlighted that effective time
management, a conducive sleep environment, and reduced social media use could mitigate the adverse effects of
sleep deprivation. Overall, the study concluded that sleep duration does not directly correlate with academic
performance.

Jacinto, M., Molina, K., Jungco, J., Cardaño, A., Berboso, J., Vargas, A., ... & Francisco, C. D. (2021)

In their 2021 study, Jacinto et al. investigated the impact of social media platforms on the academic performance of
senior high school students within the new normal learning system, as detailed in the International Journal of
Multidisciplinary Studies. Their research aimed to assess whether social media use affects students' academic
outcomes, potentially guiding the development of more effective learning strategies. Utilizing a sample of 53
students from a private school in Marilao, Bulacan, the researchers employed the social media and Academic
Performance Questionnaire, adapted from Peter Osharive (2015). Statistical analysis of the collected data revealed
that social media's impact on academic performance is varied; some students benefited from enhanced reading
and communication skills, while others experienced distractions. The study concludes that the effect of social
media depends on individual usage patterns and suggests that educational institutions should emphasize time
management and balancing academic responsibilities with other activities.
Chapter 3 Methodology

3.1 Research Design 29%

This research will employ a descriptive-correlational research design that shall try to establish the
sleep deprivation-academic performance relationship in senior high school students of Becuran High
School. To this end, the descriptive approach shall outline the prevalence and characteristics of sleep
deprivation among students, whereas the correlational part will indicate the strength and direction of
the association between sleep deprivation and academic performance.

3.2 Research Locale

The study will be conducted at Becuran High School, a secondary education institution with senior
high school students (Grades 11 and 12). This setting provides a relevant context for exploring the
impact of sleep deprivation on academic performance, given the academic pressures and
developmental stage of the students.

3.3 Population and Sampling

The target population for this study consists of senior high school students (Grades 11 and 12) at
Becuran High School. A stratified random sampling method will be used to select a sample of 100
students. This sample size is chosen to ensure a representative subset of both Grade 11 and Grade 12
students.

 Inclusion Criteria: Students currently enrolled in either Grade 11 or Grade 12 at Becuran High
School.

 Exclusion Criteria: Students with diagnosed sleep disorders or chronic health conditions that
might affect sleep patterns and academic performance will be excluded to avoid confounding
variables.

3.4 Data Collection Instruments

Data will be collected using a self-administered questionnaire and academic records. The
questionnaire will be designed to gather information on sleep habits, contributing factors to sleep
deprivation, and academic performance. It will consist of the following sections:

1. Demographic Information: Age, gender, grade level, and other relevant background
information.

2. Sleep Habits: Questions about the average number of hours of sleep per night, sleep quality,
and the frequency of sleep difficulties.

o Example: “On average, how many hours of sleep do you get on a school night?”

3. Factors Contributing to Sleep Deprivation: Questions addressing potential causes of sleep

deprivation such as academic workload, extracurricular activities, technology use, and social
engagements.
 o Example: “How often do you use electronic devices (e.g., phones, computers) within
an hour before bedtime?”

4. Academic Performance: Self-reported grades or GPA and academic records provided by the
school to validate self-reported data.

3.5 Validity and Reliability

To ensure validity, the questionnaire will be reviewed by experts in educational psychology and sleep
research. A pilot test with a small group of students will be conducted to refine the questionnaire and
address any issues with clarity or relevance.

For reliability, the questionnaire will be tested for internal consistency using Cronbach’s alpha, and a
test-retest method will be employed to assess stability over time. Consistent results across these
measures will confirm the reliability of the instrument.

3.6 Data Collection Procedure

1. Permission and Consent: Obtain approval from Becuran High School’s administration and seek
written consent from both parents/guardians and students. Inform participants about the
purpose of the study, their rights, and ensure confidentiality.

2. Distribution of Questionnaires: The questionnaire will be distributed to selected students

during homeroom or designated periods. Students will be given 30 minutes to complete the
survey.

3. Collection of Academic Records: With consent, access students' official academic records to
verify self-reported grades and ensure accuracy in assessing academic performance.

3.7 Data Analysis

Data will be analyzed using statistical software. The analysis will include:

1. Descriptive Statistics: Calculate frequencies, means, and standard deviations to summarize the
prevalence of sleep deprivation and factors contributing to it.

2. Correlation Analysis: Use Pearson’s correlation coefficient to determine the strength and
direction of the relationship between sleep duration and academic performance.

3. Comparative Analysis: Perform a t-test to compare academic performance between students

who are sleep-deprived and those who are not. This will help determine if there is a significant
difference in academic outcomes based on sleep patterns.

3.8 Ethical Considerations

The study will adhere to ethical guidelines to ensure the protection of participants’ rights and welfare:

 Informed Consent: Obtain written informed consent from both students and their
parents/guardians. Clearly explain the study’s purpose, procedures, and the voluntary nature
of participation.
  Confidentiality: Ensure that all data is kept confidential and anonymized. Access to data will be
restricted to the research team, and personal identifiers will be removed during analysis.

 Voluntary Participation: Participation is voluntary, and students can withdraw from the study
at any time without penalty.

 Data Security: Securely store all data, both digital and paper-based, to prevent unauthorized
access.

3.9 Timeline

The research will follow this timeline:

 Pilot Testing: October 2023

 Data Collection: November to December 2023

 Data Analysis: January 2024

 Report Writing and Presentation: February to March 2024