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Computer modeling in industrial design

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 1

Computer modeling
in industrial design

Iftikhar B. Abbasov
 2

Surrounded by modern man, it is difficult to find objects that have not passed
through the designer’s caring hands. When designing for a designer, the main
criteria are not only the functionality, but also the aesthetics of the future product.
With the help of this book you will learn how to create products from the light
fixture to the aircraft.
This work is devoted to the use of three-dimensional computer modeling for
the design of industrial products for various purposes: household items, objects of
the architectural environment, means of transport. The stages of modeling and
scenes of realistic rendering of conceptual searches for created objects are
presented. Various 3D modeling systems were used for the simulation: 3 ds Max,
AutoCAD, Mechanical Desktop, Autodesk Inventor.
The work can be used for methodological purposes for the development of
computer simulation systems by students-designers and machine builders. The
book can be useful for specialists in the field of industrial design, as well as for all
who wish to acquire skills in modern computer modeling techniques.

Illustration 86. References 36 titles.

© I.B. Abbasov
 3

CONTENTS

Introduction ............................................................................................................. 4
1. COMPUTER MODELING OF AIRCRAFT ................................................... 5
1.1. Simulation of Aircraft ..................................................................................... 5
1.2. Simulation of Rocket ...................................................................................... 6
1.3. Modeling of streamlined surfaces ................................................................... 8
1.4. Conceptual modeling of the aircraft "Bat" ..................................................... 9
1.5. Simulation of the Be-200 amphibious aircraft ............................................. 12
1.5. Simulation of amphibious aircraft Be-103 ................................................... 15
1.6. Conceptual design amphibious aircraft ........................................................ 19
2. COMPUTER MODELING OF INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS ..................... 22
2.1. Modeling a decorative fountain .................................................................... 22
2.2. Modeling pendant "Spring" .......................................................................... 23
2.3. Modeling set for the bar ................................................................................ 25
2.4. Light fixture "Digital Orchid" ...................................................................... 26
2.5. Sculptural composition "Cylinder Metamorphosis" ..................................... 28
2.6. “Loft” Snake ................................................................................................. 32
2.7. Winner cup .................................................................................................... 34
2.8. Glass of wine ................................................................................................ 36
2.9. Curved drill bit .............................................................................................. 37
2.10. Statuette ...................................................................................................... 38
2.11. Conceptual model of the car "Lotus".......................................................... 39
2.12. Computer models of various objects .......................................................... 41
3. COMPUTER MODELING OF ARCHITECTURAL ENVIRONMENT .. 51
3.1. Modeling of the bar interior .......................................................................... 51
Conclusion.............................................................................................................. 57
Rreferences ............................................................................................................ 58
 4

Introduction

In the modern world of man surrounds the object-spatial environment. In our

environment it is difficult to find objects that have not passed through the
designer’s caring hands, be it a manipulator mouse or a plane. Functionality,
convenience and beauty are the main criteria in the development of these products:
everything fits on the person, everything is created for the person.
The appearance of the computer made it possible for the designer to design
the object before it was created, and in the most realistic way possible. The
computer has become one of the main designer tools, in fact, with unlimited
possibilities. On the computer, you can sketch out sketches, create various options,
view the object from different angles, edit its spatial structure. This saves time and
resources before the final stage of prototyping, and sometimes allows you to create
something that is difficult to implement with modern technology.
The work of the designer at the initial stage most often consists in the
development of the concept of a future product, in the creation of something new.
In this case, the conceptual search may include both quite realistic options, and
options with elements of fiction. The selection takes place in accordance with the
needs and capabilities of modern industry, and sometimes what seemed fantastic
today, tomorrow becomes a reality.
This paper presents computer models of industrial products for various
purposes: from cups, jewelry to cars and airplanes. Some models have been
brought to practical implementation. Basically, product models are presented at
the concept level. Various 3D modeling systems were used for the simulation:
AutoCAD, Mechanical Desktop, Autodesk Inventor, 3 ds Max.
The author, created the models presented in the work during the teaching of
computer-graphic disciplines to students-designers, technologists and aircraft
manufacturers of the Engineering Technological Academy of the Southern Federal
University in Taganrog. Using their phased development as an example, students
gain skills in working with various graphic computer-aided modeling and design
systems. Methodical material published in the form of textbooks for the
development of computer simulation technology [1-7]. The developed models
were repeatedly exposed and noted at competitions and exhibitions at various
levels.
 5

1. COMPUTER MODELING OF AIRCRAFT

1.1. Simulation of Aircraft

To simulate a certain aircraft [2,12], the graphic system of three-dimensional

modeling Mechanical Desktop is used.
In this system, it is possible to carry out modeling of both technical objects
and elements of the interior or landscape. To create three-dimensional models, the
following commands are used: _extrude_ (extrusion), _revolve_ (rotation),
_sweep_ (bending) and _loft_ (lofting). The simplest and most obvious of the 3D
commands is the _extrude_ command. To create a three-dimensional body, a
profile sketch is extruded along the third axis for a distance equal to a given body
thickness. The profile can be extruded in any direction or in two directions at once
(the so-called extrusion from the middle plane). The transformation of the sketch
into a three-dimensional model is carried out after some restrictions are imposed
on it. The process of imposing restrictions includes creating a profile or imposing
dimensional restrictions.
Creating a model consists of several stages:
- at the first stage, we determine the sequence of creation of structural parts and
the corresponding methods for this;
- at the second stage we carry out the general assembly and completion of the
device as a whole;
- at the third stage, to create a realistic model, we perform toning and final
rendering of the model of the aircraft.

Fig.1.1. The three-dimensional wireframe model aircraft

At the first stage, we will create an aircraft wing in the form of an oblique
wedge surface. To do this, we draw profiles of the wing on the working planes,
and the creation of the wing itself is carried out by the loft method (the method of
supporting sections). In the three-dimensional mechanical modeling system
 6

Mechanical Desktop, the loft method is implemented using the _loft_ command.
First we create two working planes and build wing profiles on them, then we
translate each figure into a profile, that is, we impose restrictions. After selecting
the _loft_ command, we indicate the wing profiles in succession to the request.
We create the second wing using the mirror reflection of the built wing and place
them along the future fuselage.
At the second stage, to create the fuselage, we again select the same method
of support sections. In this case, the support sections can play the role of guide
frames. The result of the construction of the fuselage support sections (four) with
wings is presented in the form of a frame model in Figure 1.1.
Using the _loft_ command, we build the fuselage surface, and to create a jet
engine nozzle, we use the _extrude_ command using the subtraction method.
Then, to create realistic scenes of a three-dimensional model, we assign textures
and light sources. Next we select the background for the scene as a photograph of
the Earth from orbit. The rendering scene is shown in Figure 1.2. It should be
noted that this scene can be modeled in other three-dimensional systems, however,
this graphic system allows you to make the design documentation of the object.

Fig.1.2. Scene of rendering of the aircraft from the Earth's orbit

1.2. Simulation of Rocket

Let's create a solid model of a rocket using the lofting method [4,17] in the
AutoCAD graphic system. To use the loft method, you must create the initial path
of the loft and the cross-section in the form of flat figures. In the top view, with
the help of two-dimensional primitives, it is necessary to construct rocket cross-
sectional figures, in the front view, the axis of the rocket height is constructed.
Further, the cross-section figures will be mixed to the necessary heights, as in
Figure 1.1.
 7

In the three-dimensional view, using the Solid\Loft command, the section

shapes in height are alternately selected, and the appropriate anti-aliasing mode is
selected from the Loft Setting dialog box.

Fig.1.3. Plane figures for lofting

Fig.1.4 shows the rendering of a shaded model of a rocket created by the loft
method against the background of the Earth.

Fig.1.4. Rendering of a shaded solid model of a rocket

 8

1.3. Modeling of streamlined surfaces

With the help of the graphic system Mechanical Desktop, you can model
objects with streamlined surfaces. As such objects, their natural counterparts are
most often used, and in our case a streamlined underwater object in the form of a
stingray (the so-called “black devil”) will be modeled [2,9].
To simulate the surface of the “black devil”, the method of creating surfaces
with several generators was used (Fig. 1.5). In the three-dimensional system of
Mechanical Desktop with the help of the _edgesurf_ command, you can build
unusual surfaces defined by four generating objects. Segments, arcs, splines, and
polylines can act as generators. By the command _edgesurf_ a polygonal network
is created - the surface of Coons i.e. surface defined by four faces.
The image of the stingray in the form of a flat spline was inscribed in the
dimensional rectangle. Then a dimensional prism was created on the basis of a
rectangle, the prism in turn was divided into smaller prisms. In accordance with
the image of the stingray, three-dimensional splines were inscribed into these
prisms. The body of the slope was divided into several sections, and the wings
were mainly built on the whole three-dimensional splines. As a result, a complete
object was created by connecting different fragments.

Fig.1.5. Three-dimensional wireframe model of "Black Devil"

Further, material was assigned to create realistic scenes of a three-

dimensional model, and light sources were adjusted. Blue chrome was chosen as
the basis for the material of the surface of the stingray. Taking into account the
specific environmental conditions, the main color, shadows, color of reflection,
smoothness of the surface, transparency were corrected. For the reflected color
and for the unevenness of the surface, an additional texture map from a separate
image was used. After assigning the material, the background was selected as a
photograph of an underwater landscape. The rendering scene is shown in Figure
1.6.
 9

Fig.1.6. Rendering of scene with the "Black Devil"

1.4. Conceptual modeling of the aircraft "Bat"

Conceptual modeling of the aircraft [4,7,28] is carried out using the

AutoCAD graphic system. To create a model of the aircraft will use the method of
creating the surface of the Coons (or mesh along the edges). This method allows
you to create curved streamlined surfaces based on four closed arbitrary three-
dimensional splines.
To use this method, we need to build a dimensional prism. A prism is
constructed by extruding a rectangle to a certain height. On each side face of the
parallelepiped, a spline of arbitrary shape is built along a closed contour (Fig.1.7).
With the help of the _edge mesh_ command (grid along edges), alternately
indicate the built splines. The result of the constructions in the form of a surface
model is presented in Figure 1.7 in the Realistic (Realistic) display mode.

Fig.1.7. Dimensional frame and Coons surface

 11

Fig.1.9. Three-dimensional surface model of the aircraft in projections

If necessary, you can edit the original flat body shape to adjust the
aerodynamic properties of the aircraft. Fig.1.10 shows the rendering of the shaded
surface model of the “Bat” aircraft during a cruise flight and during approach to
the target. The silhouette of a flying away bat you can see on the bottom render.
 16

The aircraft is a low wing monoplane with vertical tail and horizontal tail and
a three-bearing landing gear with a nose wheel. The power plant consists of two
piston engines ТСМ IO-360 installed on horizontal pylons on both sides of the
fuselage. The low position of the wing creates a significant screen effect on the
take-off and landing modes, at the same time providing the possibility of gliding
on the wing and rear edges of the central part of the wing.
The seaworthiness of the aircraft is sufficient for its operation at waves up to
two points (wave height up to half a meter). The aircraft can be operated on water
bodies with a depth of more than 1.5 m and a size of more than 600 m with a wave
height of up to 0.6 m, as well as from unpaved airfields. The aircraft is designed to
carry 4-5 passengers or 385 kg of cargo. In addition to the cargo and passenger,
there are options for use: sanitary, environmental control of water areas, fire
control of forests, agricultural, reconnaissance, and when installing weapons -
combat.
Along with many graphics systems, three-dimensional modeling 3ds Max
allows you to create projects of almost any complexity. It allows you to work with
drawings made in other graphic packages, thereby providing the user with a wide
choice for work.
To create a three-dimensional model of an amphibious aircraft, you can use
various modeling techniques. This paper uses the polygon extrusion method. To
create sketched designs, some set of graphic information is needed in the form of
drawings (Fig.1.18) and photos of the object being modeled (Fig.1.19).

Fig.1.18. Construction of perpendicular planes

 18

In the 3ds Max system, polygonal modeling has several features. To facilitate
the work, you can create a symmetrical half along the longitudinal axis of the
future object. In our case, we build the right half, the left one will be automatically
built at the final stage.
The number of polygons throughout the entire model should remain constant.
Therefore, the simulation begins with a cylindrical nose protrusion. Further, by the
method of sequential extrusion of a group of polygons and subsequent adjustment
of the projections, repeat the contours of the aircraft body (Fig.1.21).

Fig.1.21. Phased extrusion of aircraft structural parts

Fig.1.22. Final assembly of the aircraft model

Fig.1.22 presents the rendering of the final assembly of the aircraft. The 3ds
Max graphics system has a module for rendering, but the capabilities of the
standard renderer do not allow to get a realistic image. To rendering this model
amphibious aircraft was used rendering module V-RAY. Its capabilities are much
 19

higher, so it allows you to get a higher quality image. The rendering results are
presented in Figs.1.23, 1.24.

Fig.1.23. Rendering of the Be-103 amphibian model

Fig.1.24. Rendering of a shaded model of the Be-103 amphibious aircraft

1.6. Conceptual design amphibious aircraft

Consider the issues of conceptual design of the new amphibian. A review of

the amphibian aircraft market shows the presence of small vessels with a capacity
of up to 7 person, such as, for example, the Be-103 produced by the Beriev
Taganrog Aviation Scientific-Technical Complex or flying US Airmaster Avalon-
680 amphibious boat.
 20

A conceptual design of the new amphibious aircraft is proposed, which could

occupy the middle segment of the market. In the development of concepts using
the design method based on bionic forms. In the process of working on sketches of
contours, a number of solutions were found, the basis for which was the natural
biological forms that live in this environment (Fig. 1.25, 1.26).
Mammals, fish and birds can provide the designer with interesting visual
solutions. At the same time, the aircraft fuselage, and even more so the flying boat,
must simultaneously meet the requirements of aero- and hydrodynamics.
Therefore, designers are faced with the task of resolving a compromise.

Fig.1.25. Blue whale and sketch of the fuselage of an amphibian

Fig.1.26. "Flying fish" in natural habitat and sketch of the fuselage of an

amphibian
 21

The concept of the future aircraft is based on a displacement wing with the
possibility of gliding at three points (redan, right and left rear edges of the center
section). This scheme gives a significant gain in the stability of the movement of
water on takeoff and landing modes and increased seaworthiness. The low position
of the wing relative to the boat, creates an increase in lift due to the screen effect
on takeoff and landing, allows you to simplify and facilitate the design of the
aircraft.
A similar scheme has already been tested on the Be-103 amphibian. The
dimensions of the prototype case should take into account the requirements of the
future interior and the task of placing cargo containers.
Fig.1.27 presents a shaded sketch of a three-dimensional model of an
amphibious aircraft. The aircraft is intended for use on short-haul lines in various
parts of the world, in regions with a large number of rivers, lakes, shallow bodies
of water, difficult to access for other types of transport. It can be used for the
transport of passengers, cargo, fire supervision, patrolling, environmental
monitoring of water areas, emergency medical care, emergency rescue operations,
recreation and tourism.

Fig.1.27. Shaded sketch of a three-dimensional model of an amphibious

aircraft
 25

the scene is rendered (Fig.2.4). Figure 2.5 shows the photograph of the pendant
"Spring", which was made by hand.

Fig.2.4. Rendering of the three-dimensional model of the pendant "Spring"

Fig.2.5. Pendant "Spring" in the material

2.3. Modeling set for the bar

The question of computer modeling in the 3ds Max graphic system of art
products in the form of a set of bottles and glasses is considered [10]. The most
 28

the luminous stigmas of the orchid.

Fig.2.8. Rendering scene light fixture "Orchid"

2.5. Sculptural composition "Cylinder Metamorphosis"

To simulate three-dimensional scenes, both the presence of artistic taste and

knowledge of the basics of three-dimensional shaping are necessary. The method
of creating sculptural surfaces based on three-dimensional primitives [3,6,18,20] is
considered. This type of geometric surfaces are used for three-dimensional
computer modeling of dynamic sculptural composition.
In computer graphics, sculpted surfaces are usually understood as surfaces of
arbitrary shapes or “free shapes.” To create them, the deformation method is often
used, similar to manual molding. However, when creating our model, we will not
use the free deformation method, but will be limited to using two standard 3ds
Max graphics system modifiers.
As the source object, we will use a standard three-dimensional primitive in
the form of a cylinder. For cylinder transformations, modifiers based on
sharpening and bending operations — Taper and Bend — will be used. We
construct a cylinder, with proportions as in Figure 2.9, on the left. Using the Taper
modifier from the list of the Modify tab of the command panel, you can turn a
cylinder into a sleeve (Fig. 2.9, right).
 29

Fig.2.9. Building a Cylinder and Applying the Taper Modifier

When using the Taper modifier, you can set the magnitude and curvature of
the taper. At the same time, you can also select the direction of the axis of the
point and the position of the center point. If you move the center of the taper up
along the z axis, then at the bottom of the sleeve will go to the toroidal surface.
For further transformations use the Bend modifier. The result of applying this
modifier to the sleeve is shown in Figure 2.10. You can set the magnitude and
angle of bending, as well as the direction of the axis of the bend. The bending of
the liner along the z axis is shown in Figure 2.10, on the left. A change in the bend
in the direction of the x axis (with the same parameters) leads to the surface shown
in Figure 2.10, on the right.

Fig.2.10. Intermediate Search Options

This surface is already quite different from the original cylinder. To fix the
shape at a certain stage, it is necessary to convert the surface into an editable mesh
or polygon.
 31

Fig.2.13. Sculptural composition "Cylinder Metamorphosis"

Fig.2.13 presents the rendering the final scene with the sculptural
composition “Cylinder Metamorphoses”. The composition itself is quite dynamic,
and differs in appearance from each other depending on the angle. Fig.2.14 shows
a new view of the same composition, which differs significantly from the view in
Fig.2.13.

Fig.2.14. Modified view of the sculptural composition

"Cylinder Metamorphosis"
 33

Spheres are used here as eyes, and a flat figure in the form of a closed spline is
used to create a language. Then, using the extrusion operation, a three-dimensional
object is created from this figure. To create a scaly relief of the model's surface, a
brickwork texture map was used. And to simulate a pattern on the surface, a
texture in the form of parallel fuzzy stripes was used. The tongue is colored with a
gradient fill material.
Next, the scene was highlighted by two light sources (main and backlight) in
the form of targeted spotlights. In addition, an embossed surface was added to the
scene as the surrounding landscape. The rendering scene is shown in Fig.2.17.

Fig.2.17. Scene with a three-dimensional snake model

After finalizing the scene, it is necessary to rendering all three-dimensional

objects with assigned materials. The view of this scene is shown in Fig.2.18, a
raster picture is used as a background.

Fig.2.18. Rendering of the dialogue scene "What is your name?"

 37

the rotation method, you can get four different objects. Fig.2.24 presents the
rendering of a shaded model of a glass of wine.

Fig.2.24. Rendering of a shaded solid model of a wine glass

2.9. Curved drill bit

We construct a solid model of the drill bit using the bending method [4, 7] in
the AutoCAD graphic system. On the front view, using a polyline (or spline), it is
necessary to build a closed profile for extruding the drill and bending path in the
form of a straight line segment, as in Fig.2.25.

Fig.2.25. Profile for sweep

The drill bit is constructed on the three-dimensional view using the

Solid\Sweep command, indicating the closed profile and selecting the twisting
parameter. The result of the constructions in the form of a solid model of the drill
 38

bit is shown in Fig.2.26, on the left. The right side of this figure shows a solid
model of a curved drill, obtained in a similar way along a curved spline in the
form of a bending path.

Fig.2.26. Solid models of straight and twisted drill bits

2.10. Statuette

Let's build a solid model of the statuette using the lofting method [4,7] in the
AutoCAD graphic system. To apply the loft method, you need to create a path for
lofting and a section in the form of flat figures.
In the top view, using two-dimensional primitives (two hexagons, five
circles, three ellipses and a rounded rectangle), it is necessary to construct figurine
section figures (from one center), and on the front view to build an axis of height.
Next you should move and arrange them in height, as in Fig.2.27, on the left.

Fig.2.27. Shapes for lofting and solid model of the statuette

 39

On the three-dimensional view and using the Solid \ Loft command, section
shapes by height and smoothing mode are selected alternately. The result of the
constructions in the form of a solid model of the statuette is presented in Fig.2.27,
on the right.

2.11. Conceptual model of the car "Lotus"

Consider the conceptual model of the new car brand in the graphics system 3
ds max. Today in the world there are a large number of automotive giants who
every year produce a new line of vehicles with new technologies and capabilities.
Companies embody the best that designers offer. Design - the beginning began in
the modern automotive industry. Every detail of the car - from the sign to the
steering wheel is carefully designed in the hands of creative engineers. It is the
concept of the body gives rise to the internal characteristics of the car. The way the
vehicle looks, determines its "character".
Many companies have series with special characteristics. We will be
interested in a series of fast executive cars, which contain power and grace, such
as: Maserati Quattroporte, Audi A7, BMW 5-series, Jaguar XF, Lexus LS. These
models are close in ideology to the “Lotus” series of “Vishap motors” [35].

Fig.2.28. Building a model based on sketches

Lotus (lat. Nelumbo) belongs to the genus of dicotyledonous plants, the only
representative of the lotus family. Given that the design of the car is inspired by
this beautiful flower, the bionic shape of the lotus petals is discerned in its forms.
To create a car model using polygonal extrusion method. Sketch drawings of
the conceptual model are located on the planes of the projections, as in Fig.2.28.
 41

Fig.2.31. Rendering of the conceptual model of the car “Lotus”

2.12. Computer models of various objects

Fig.2.32. Clamp (or porcelain shackles)

 43

Fig.2.35. Construction and flower based on torus knot

Fig.2.36. Vase and whirligig

Fig.2.37. Bar set "Flame"

 47

Fig.2.44. "Thistle" oblate

Fig.2.45. Pendant "Blue Lily"

 48

Fig.2.46. Necklace "Air petals"

Fig.2.47. "Caterpillar" from teapots

 50

Fig.2.50. Dream of skeleton

 51

3. COMPUTER MODELING OF ARCHITECTURAL ENVIRONMENT

3.1. Modeling of the bar interior

The issues of three-dimensional modeling of the interior of the bar [3,5,6] in

the graphics system 3 ds Max. Two-dimensional shapes, modifiers for creating
three-dimensional objects and standard three-dimensional primitives are used to
model interior objects [14,21,32].
Two-dimensional shapes were used to create walls, frames, chairs, a bar
counter and a roof. The front wall (on the right) was created using the extrusion
method, the side walls, the bar counter and the set with the bottle were created
using the loft method. Chairs were created by extrusion on the profile. Wall lights
are assembled from four parts, the simulation of which used the methods of
lofting, extrusion and rotation.
The sofa and wall shelves are created on the basis of a frame lattice of a
three-dimensional parallelepiped primitive. Chairs are also modeled from the
parallelepiped by polygonal extrusion. Then spatial deformation modifiers were
applied to them. The assembled interior room of the bar is shown in Figure 3.1.
When assembling the interior, an important role is played by the issue of
observing the spatial proportionality of individual objects with regard to
ergonomic proportions.

Fig.3.1. Interior of the bar in the assembly

Consider, for example, the creation of a bottle using the lofting method. To
use the loft method requires two shapes. In our case, we will need the following
two-dimensional primitives: a line, a circle and an eight-pointed star. On the basis
of the original line, an object is first created over the initial section in the form of a
circle. As a result, we get a cylinder, then, rising to a certain height, we change the
 53

Mesh Select modifier, the required faces are selected and deleted (Fig.3.4). Then
the Lattice modifier is applied to convert the parallelepiped into a lattice.

Fig.3.4. Billet for sofa

Next, you need to set the corresponding lattice parameters in the scrolls of the
modifier. There are two options for showing: edges or vertices. In our case, two
modes are set at the same time. Increasing the size of the edges and tops you can
get a blank for the sofa. For further changes, it is necessary to convert it into an
editable grid.

Fig.3.5. The sofa in the final form

To “mold” a sofa of the required shape from the blank, you need to apply
the FFD 4x4x4 modifier. As a result of applying this modifier, control vertices
appear around the object for deformation and the movement of each individual
 55

under a red wooden plate. All other objects of the scene were painted on the basis
of the general concept - in warm colors.
Further, light sources based on artificial lighting were installed. There are
fluorescent lamps on the ceiling, spotlights for directional lighting are installed
above the bar table. Real attenuation with distance was set for them.
Omnidirectional light sources are installed in the wall lamps. In order to
make light sources realistic, the shades were assigned materials with the shine
property. After assignment of materials and installation of lighting in the final
form, the rendering the scene is presented in Fig.3.8, 3.9. The presented scene is
quite realistic, and gives a clear idea of the interior of the room. The convenience
of computer modeling lies in the fact that after building three-dimensional models
of interior objects, the color tone and lighting of the bar can be changed quite
quickly without much material costs, and then analyzing all the options you can
choose the most suitable.

Fig.3.8. Final rendering of the bar scene

 57

Conclusion

The work deals with computer simulations of various industrial products.

Presented models of both existing products from the field of aircraft
manufacturing, and conceptual models of many industrial products.
The first chapter is devoted to the use of computer simulation for the
development of aircraft. The features of a phased three-dimensional computer
simulation of amphibious aircraft Be-200, Be-103 are described. Conceptual
models of aircraft using the existing computer simulation methods are presented.
The variants of shading and rendering of the developed models are given.
In the second chapter, computer modeling is used to develop the conceptual
design of various industrial products: jewelry industry products; household items;
means of transport. In modeling, various graphical 3D modeling systems were
used as tools. Some models have been implemented as a prototype.
The third chapter describes the conceptual models of interior items. Shown as
the stages of the design of some objects, and frames of rendering of the finished
scene.
The conceptual models presented in the paper can be used to develop
industrial products for various purposes.
 58

Rreferences

1. Abbasov I.B. Drawings in a graphical environment AutoCAD: Tutorial.

Taganrog. Publishing house TSURE. 2002. 82p.
2. Abbasov I.B. Lee V.G., Ilyuschenko N.L. Three-dimensional modeling in the
graphical system of the Mechanical Desktop (tutorial, approved by the
Scientific and Methodological Council at the Ministry of Defense of the
Russian Federation on the "Descriptive Geometry and Engineering
Graphics"). Taganrog: Publishing house TRTU. 2004. 112p.
3. Abbasov I.B. Fundamentals of three-dimensional modeling in the graphics
system 3 ds max (a tutorial, supplemented by the Scientific and
Methodological Council at the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation
on "Tracing geometry and engineering graphics"). Taganrog: Publishing
house TRTU. 2005. 207p.
4. Abbasov I.B. We create drawings on a computer in AutoCAD 2007/2008 (a
textbook, approved by UMO in the field of design, monumental and
decorative arts). M.: DMK Press. 2007. 136p. (second edition).
5. Abbasov I.B. Lecture notes on the subject "Three-dimensional computer
simulation." Taganrog: Publishing House TTI SFU. 2010. 146p.
6. Abbasov I.B. Fundamentals of three-dimensional modeling in the graphics
system 3 ds Max 2009 (textbook, approved by the UMO in the field of
design, monumental and decorative arts). M.: DMK Press. 2010. 176p.
(second edition).
7. Abbasov I.B. We create drawings on a computer in AutoCAD 2012 (a study
guide, approved by the UMO in the field of design, monumental and
decorative arts). M .: DMK Press. 2011. 136p. (third edition).
8. Abbasov I.B. Three-dimensional modeling of the reference sections in the
editor 3d Studio MAX. Materials III int. scientific and practical seminar
"Practice and prospects for the development of institutional partnership", V.1.
News Don GTU-TSURE. Donetsk, 2003. P.107-110.
9. Abbasov I.B. Computer simulation of streamlined surfaces. Proceedings of
the IV International STC "Computer modeling". St. Petersburg. SPbGPU.
2003, P.255-256.
10. Abbasov I.B. Art computer simulation. News TSURE. №1. 2004. P.245-246.
11. Abbasov I.B. Modeling by the method of supporting sections in the graphic
system Mechanical Desktop. Izvestiya TSURE-DonSTU. Materials V inter.
scientific and practical seminar "Practice and prospects for the development
of institutional partnership." Taganrog. Publishing house TSURE. Book 2.
2004, №4. P.64-67.
12. Abbasov I.B. Computer simulation of the aircraft. Proceedings of the V
International STC "Computer modeling". Part 1. S.Pb. SPbGPU. 2004,
P.207-209.
13. Abbasov I.B. Computer modeling jewelry. Collection of scientific papers:
Interdepartmental scientific and technical collection. Special edition. - Kiev.:
Vipol, 2004. P.297-299.
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14. Abbasov I.B. Computer modeling of the bar interior. Proceedings of the
International Forum on the problems of science, technology and education
"III millennium - New World", v.1., 2004. Moscow. Academy of Earth
Sciences. P.166-167.
15. Abbasov I.B. Computer simulation of three-dimensional objects by the
method of bending. News TSURE. №8. 2004. P.253.
16. Abbasov I.B., Evterev V.V. Simulation of a decorative fountain in a graphic
environment 3 ds max. Abstracts of the VII All-Russian Scientific
Conference of Students and Postgraduates "KRES-04". 2004. Taganrog,
TSURE. P.211-212.
17. Abbasov I.B., Grishchenko A.S. Simulation pendant in the graphics system 3
ds max. Proceedings of Int. scientific conference "Development of
intercultural communications and international cooperation of youth in the
field of fashion, design, culture". 2004. Vladivostok, VSUES. P.112.
18. Abbasov I.B. Computer modeling of sculptural surfaces. Collection of
scientific papers of the Ukrainian-Russian scientific and practical. conf.
“Modern problems of geom. modeling. 2005. Kharkov. Kharkiv State
University of Nutrition and Commerce. P.334-335.
19. Abbasov I.B. Digital orchid. Realistic lights in 3 ds max. Proceedings of the
VI International Scientific and Technical Conference "Computer modeling".
S.Pb. Publishing house SPbGPU. 2005, P.394-395.
20. Abbasov I.B. Computer simulation based on primitives. Cylinder
metamorphosis. Collection of scientific papers. The decor. art and subject-
spatial environment. Release 4.– Moscow, MGHPU them. S.G. Stroganov.
2005. P.189-193.
21. Abbasov I.B. Using modeling systems to create an interior. Materials of the
first International Scientific and Technical Conference. "Modeling and
computer graphics" 2005. Donetsk, DonNTU. P.66-69
22. Abbasov I.B. Computer modeling of interior items from three-dimensional
primitives. News TSURE. №9. 2005. P.265-266.
23. Abbasov I.B. The concept of the course "Three-dimensional computer
simulation." Proceedings of the XIV International Conference "New
Education Technologies". 2006. Voronezh, VGPU. P.175.
24. Abbasov I.B. Using the graphics system AutoCAD in the course of
engineering and computer graphics. Materials II Ukrainian-Russian scientific
and practical. conf. "Modern problems of geometric modeling." Kharkov.
Kharkov State. univ food and trade. 2007, P.139-144.
25. Abbasov I.B. Simulation of the Be-200 amphibious aircraft. Proceedings of
the II International Scientific and Technical Conference "Modeling and
Computer Graphics" 2007. Donetsk, Don NTU. P.43-47.
26. Abbasov I.B. Computer model of an amphibian. Proceedings of the IX
International Scientific and Technical Conference "Computer Modeling
2008". SPb .: SPbGPU. Publishing house Polytechnic. Univ. 2008. P.45-47.
27. Abbasov I.B. Computer simulation of the Be-200 amphibious aircraft
//Izvestiya SFU. Technical science. 2009. №1. P.160-164.
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28. Abbasov I.B. Conceptual modeling of the aircraft "Bat". Proceedings of the
III International Scientific and Technical Conference "Modeling and
Computer Graphics" 2009. Donetsk, Don NTU. P.80-84.
29. Abbasov, IB, Orekhov, V.V. Computer simulation of the Be-103 amphibious
aircraft. Abstracts of the XXXVI scientific and technical conference "Gagarin
Readings". Moscow. MGATU. 2010. V.4. P.13-14.
30. Abbasov IB, Orekhov V.V. From the history of the development of industrial
design. Hydroaviation. Materials of the XI International Scientific and
Practical Seminar "Practice and prospects for the development of partnership
in the field of higher education." 2010. Donetsk, Don NTU. Book 2. P.156-
171.
31. Orekhov V.V., Abbasov I.B. Historical aspects of industrial design in
hydroaviation. Technical aesthetics design: Mizhvidomchii science-tehnichny
zbirnik. Vipusk 9. Kyiv .: Vipol, 2010. P.45-52.
32. Abbasov I.B. Fundamentals of three-dimensional modeling in the graphics
system 3 ds MAX 2009 //International Journal of Applied and Fundamental
Research. 2011. №7. P.87-89.
33. Orekhov V.V., Abbasov I.B. Computer simulation of the Be-103 amphibious
aircraft // Izvestiya SFU. Technical science. 2011. №1. P.121-125.
34. Orekhov V.V., Abbasov I.B. Computer simulation of the Be-200 multipurpose
amphibious aircraft. II International Scientific and Technical Conference
"Information Control Systems and Computer Monitoring (ІUS КМ - 2011)".
Donetsk DonNTU, 2011. - V.2. P.151-153.
35. Gabrilyan G.V. Graphic accompaniment of the automobile series “Lotos”.
Graduation project under the guidance of Abbasov I.B. TIT SFU. Taganrog.
57p.
36. Orekhov V.V., Abbasov I.B. Computer simulation of the passenger
compartment cabin interior modification of the Be-200 amphibious aircraft
//Izvestiya SFU. Technical science. 2012. №1. P.110-116.

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