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HYPERBOLA

pre cal lesson - hyperbola-conic section

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Emeron Mantawid
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17 views

HYPERBOLA

pre cal lesson - hyperbola-conic section

Uploaded by

Emeron Mantawid
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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HYPERBOLA

A hyperbola, in analytic geometry, is a conic section that is formed when a plane intersects a
double right circular cone at an angle such that both halves of the cone are intersected. This intersection
of the plane and cone produces two separate unbounded curves that are mirror images of each other
called a hyperbola.

Parts of a Hyperbola
Let us check through a few important terms relating to the different parameters of a hyperbola.

Foci of hyperbola: The hyperbola has two foci and their coordinates are F(c, o), and F'(-c, 0).

Center of Hyperbola: The midpoint of the line joining the two foci is called the center of the hyperbola.

Major Axis: The length of the major axis of the hyperbola is 2a units.

Minor Axis: The length of the minor axis of the hyperbola is 2b units.

Vertices: The points where the hyperbola intersects the axis are called the vertices. The vertices of the
hyperbola are (a, 0), (-a, 0).

Latus Rectum of Hyperbola: The latus rectum is a line drawn perpendicular to the transverse axis of the
hyperbola and is passing through the foci of the hyperbola. The length of the latus rectum of the
hyperbola is 2b2/a.

Transverse Axis: The line passing through the two foci and the center of the hyperbola is called the
transverse axis of the hyperbola.

Conjugate Axis: The line passing through the center of the hyperbola and perpendicular to the
transverse axis is called the conjugate axis of the hyperbola.
Derivation of Hyperbola Equation
As per the definition of the hyperbola, let us consider a point P on the hyperbola, and the
difference of its distance from the two foci F, F' is 2a.
PF' - PF = 2a
Let the coordinates of P be (x, y) and the foci be F(c, o) and F'(-c, 0)
√(x+c)2+y2(x+c)2+y2 - √(x−c)2+y2(x−c)2+y2 = 2a
√(x+c)2+y2(x+c)2+y2 = 2a + √(x−c)2+y2(x−c)2+y2
Now we need to square on both sides to solve further.
(x + c)2 + y2 = 4a2 + (x - c)2 + y2 + 4a√(x−c)2+y2(x−c)2+y2
x2 + c2 + 2cx + y2 = 4a2 + x2 + c2 - 2cx + y2 + 4a√(x−c)2+y2(x−c)2+y2
4cx - 4a2 = 4a√(x−c)2+y2(x−c)2+y2
cx - a2 = a√(x−c)2+y2(x−c)2+y2
Squaring on both sides and simplifying, we have.
x2a2−y2c2−a2=1x2a2−y2c2−a2=1
Also, we have c2 = a2 + b2, we can substitute this in the above equation.
x2a2−y2b2=1x2a2−y2b2=1
Therefore, the standard equation of the Hyperbola is derived.

Hyperbola Formula

Hyperbola is an open curve that has two branches that look like mirror images
of each other. For any point on any of the branches, the absolute difference
between the point from foci is constant and equals to 2a, where a is the
distance of the branch from the center. The Hyperbola formula helps us to find
various parameters and related parts of the hyperbola such as the equation of
hyperbola, the major and minor axis, eccentricity, asymptotes, vertex, foci,
and semi-latus rectum.
Equation of hyperbola formula: (x - x0x0)2 / a2 - ( y - y0y0)2 / b2 = 1
Major and minor axis formula: y = y00 is the major axis, and its length is 2a,
whereas x = x00 is the minor axis, and its length is 2b
Eccentricity(e) of hyperbola formula: e = √1+b2a21+b2a2
Asymptotes of hyperbola formula:
y = y00 − (b / a)x + (b / a)x00
y = y00 + (b / a)x - (b / a)x00
Vertex of hyperbola formula:
(a, y00) and (−a, y00)
Focus(foci) of hyperbola:
(x00 + √a2+b2a2+b2,y00), and (x00 - √a2+b2a2+b2,y00)
Semi-latus rectum(p) of hyperbola formula:
p = b2 / a
where,
 x00, y00 are the center points.
 a = semi-major axis.
 b = semi-minor axis.

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