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Solutions MS

Solutions MS

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clutchforever999
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227 views

Solutions MS

Solutions MS

Uploaded by

clutchforever999
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MS - REVISION TEST - 3

CHEMISTRY

1. The molecular masses of polymers are determined by osmotic pressure method and nor by 2
measuring other colligative properties. Give two reasons.

Ans : (i) It is measured at room temperature.


(ii) It has appreciable value.

2. Define the following terms: 2


(i) Mole fraction
(ii) Isotonic solutions
(iii) van’t Hoff factor
(iv) Ideal solution

Ans : (i) Mole fraction (x): It is the ratio of number of moles of a particular component to the
total number of moles of all the components.
For example, mole fraction of a component A,

where nA and nB are the number of moles of components ‘A’ and ‘B’ respectively.
(ii) Isotonic solutions: Two solutions are said to be isotonic when they exert the same
osmotic pressure because they have same molar concentration. All intravenous
injections must be isotonic with body fluids.
(iii) van’t Hoff factor (i): The ratio of the experimental value of a colligative property to the
theoretical value (calculated on the basis of normal behaviour of solute) is known as
van’t Hoff factor.

(iv) Ideal solution: Those solutions which obey Raoult’s law are called ideal solutions.
When the forces of attraction between A—A, B—B are similar to A—B, then A and B will
form ideal solution.

3. How is vapour pressure of solvent affected when a non volatile solute is dissolved in it? 2

Ans : When a non-volatile solute is added to solvent, vapour pressure of solution decreases
because surface molecules consist of both solute and solvent molecules so escaping
tendency of solvent molecules into vapours decreases.

4. A solution is prepared by dissolving 10 g of non-volatile solute in 200 g of water. It has a vapour 2


pressure of 31.84 mm Hg at 308 K. Calculate the molar mass of the solute. (Vapour pressure of
pure water at 308 K = 32 mm Hg)

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Ans :

5. 18 g of glucose, C6H12O6, is dissolved in 1 kg of water in a saucepan. At what temperature will 2


water boil at 1.103 bar? (Kb for H2O is 0.52 k kg mol–1)

Ans :

6. Some ethylene glycol, HOCH2—CH2OH is added to your car’s cooling system along with 5 kg of 3
water. If the freezing point of water glycol solution is –15 °C, what is the boiling point of the
solution? [Kb = 0.52 K kg mol–1, Kf = 1.86 K kg mol–1]

Ans :

7. What would be the molar mass of a compound if 6.21 g of it dissolved in 24.0 g of chloroform 3
forms a solution that has a boiling point of 68.04 °C. The boiling point of pure chloroform is 61.7 °C
and the boiling point elevation constant, Kb for chloroform is 3.63 °C/m.

Ans :

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8. 3.9 g of Benzoic acid dissolved in 49 g of benzene shows a depression in freezing point of 1.62 3
K. Calculate the van’t Hoff factor and predict the nature of solute (associated or dissociated).
(Given; Molar mass of benzoic acid = 122 g mol–1, Kf for benzene = 4.9 K kg mol–1)

Ans :

Since ‘i’ is close to 0.5, therefore, solute associates, i.e. exists as dimer.

9. What is the molality of ammonia in a solution containing 0.85 g of NH3 in 100 mL of a liquid of 3
density 0.85 g cm–3?

Ans :

10. The Henry’s Law constant for oxygen dissolved in water is 4.34×104 atm at 25 °C. If the partial 3
pressure of oxygen in air is 0.2 atm, calculate the solubility of oxygen in water at 25 °C.

Ans :

(a) Explain the following: 5


(i) Henry’s law about dissolution of a gas in a liquid.
(ii) Boiling point elevation constant for a solvent.
(b) A solution of glycerol (C3H8O3) in water was prepared by dissolving some glycerol in 500 g of
water. This solution has a boiling point of 100.42 °C. What mass of glycerol was dissolved to make
this solution? (Kb for water = 0.512 K kg mol–1)

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Ans : (a) (i) Henry’s Law: It states that the solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional
to the pressure of the gas. If mole fraction of a gas in the solution is used as a measure
of solubility, then it can be defined as the mole fraction of a gas in the solution is directly
proportional to the partial pressure of the gas over the solution.
p = KHx,
where ‘p’ is partial pressure of gas, ‘x’ is mole fraction of the gas and KH is Henry’s law
constant.
(ii) Boiling Point Elevation Constant (Molal Boiling Point Elevation Constant): It is equal
to elevation in boiling point of 1 molal solution, i.e. 1 mole of solute is dissolved in 1 kg of
solvent. The units of Kb is K/m or °C/m or K kg mol–1.

(b)

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