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The Philosophical Perspective of The Self

Vhjgoyyrrirff

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115 views47 pages

The Philosophical Perspective of The Self

Vhjgoyyrrirff

Uploaded by

yunxizhao14
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
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The Philosophical

Perspective of the
Self
John Leovic Francis D. Dolosa, LPT
Objective: Part 1:
1. Explain the role of philosophy in What is
Philosophy
understanding the self.
2. Discuss the different concepts of
Part 2:
the from the philosophical Discussion Part 3:
Proper Assessment
perspective.
3. Differentiate the various concepts
of the self and identity.
4. Develop your own philosophy of
the self.
Ask your self
1. How would you characterize yourself?
2. What makes you stand out from the rest?
What makes yourself special?
3. How was your self-transformed?
4. How is yourself connected to your body?
5. How is yourself related to other selves?
6. What will happen to yourself after you
die?
What is Philosophy?
PHILO = LOVE
SOPHIA = WISDOM
Philosophy is about
Finding answers to serious
questions about ourselves and
about the world we live in.
Does God Exist?
What is the mind?
What is a Good Life/?
What will you The skills are:
get out of Critical thinking
Argument skills
Philosophy? Communication
Reasoning
Analysis
Problem Solving
Justify your opinions
Spot a bad argument, no
matter what the topic
Explain to people why they
are wrong, and you are right
What is the origin of
Philosophy?
What is the origin of
Philosophy?
Search for Truth
Search is to look for something
Search for Meaning
What is
Self?
"Know Thyself"
"An Unexamined Life is not worth
living"
Philosophers agree that self-knowledge is a
prerequisite to happy and meaningful life.
SOCRATES

Every man is
dualistic
"Body and Soul"
BODY Imperfect and
impermanent

SOUL Perfect and


Permanent
TWO DICHOTOMOUS REALMS

PHYSICAL REALM IDEAL REALM


WHO WE ARE,
SOCRATES WHO WE SHOULD
BE AND WHO WE
WILL BECOME
Our preoccupation with bodily
needs such as food, drink, sex,
pleaseure, material
possessions, and wealth keep
us from attaining wisdom
A person can have a This is best
meaningful and
achieved
happy life only if he
becomes virtuous when one tries
and knows the value to separte the
of himself which can body from the
be achieved
soul as much
through constant
soul-searching possible.
Plato
The Soul is Immortal
Plato
A student of Socrates
Philosophy of the self can be explained as a process of
self-knowledge and purification of the soul.
He believed that in the existence of the mind and soul
Mind and soul is given in perfection with God
1. Rational Soul
Reason and Intellect
divine essence that enables us to
think deeply, make wise choices and
achieve a true understanding of

eternal truths.
2. Spirited Soul
emotion and passion

basic emotions such as love,


anger, ambition, empathy and
aggressiveness.
3. Appetitive Soul
Basic needs

includes our basic biological

needs such as hunger, thirst


and sexual desire.
Plato believes
that genuine happiness can only be achieved

by people who consistently make sure that


their Reason is in control of their Spirit and
Appetites.
Aristotle
The soul is the
essence of the self
Aristotle
A Student of Plato
the body and soul are not two separate
elements but are one thing
The soul is simply the form of the body, and
is not capable of existing without the body
Three kinds of soul
1. Vegetative
-Includes the physical body that can grow.
2. Sentient
- includes sensual desires, feelings, and
emotions
3. Rational
-is what makes man human. It includes
the intellect that makes man know and
understand
I am doubting
therefore I am
St. Augustine
Integrated the ideas of Plato and
Christianity
The soul is united with the body
so that man may be entire and
complete.
Belived Humankind is created in
the image and likeness of God.
St. Augustine

Therefore, the human person


being a creation of God is
always geared towards the good.
Self-Knowledge is a
consequence of knowledge of
God.
"Knowledge can only come
by seeing the truth
that dwells within us"
Rene Descartes
The act of thinking about
self-of being self-conscious-
is in itself proof that there
is self.
Descartes' two
distinct entities
Cogito Extenza
The thing that thinks The extension
Mind Body
Cogito ergo sum
"I think therefore, I am"
-Rene Descartes
John Locke
The Self is
Consciousness
John Locke
The human mind at birth is
tabula rasa.
He felt that the self is
constructed primarily from
sense experiences
David Hume

"There is NO Self"
The idea of personal
identity is a result of
imagination.
There is no Self!!!
IMMANUEL KANT
We construct the
self
IMMANUEL KANT
The self construct its own reality
creating a world that is familiar and
predictable.
GILBERT RYLE
The self is the way
people behave
GILBERT RYLE
Self is not an entity that one can locate
and analyze but simply the convenient
name that people use to refer to all the
behaviors that people make.
PAUL CHURCHLAND
The Self is the Brain
PAUL CHURCHLAND
The self is inseparable from the
brain and the physiology of the
body.
All we have is the brain and so, if the
brain is gone, there is no self.
MAURICE
MERLEAU-PONTY
The Self is Embodied
Subjectivity

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