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Introduction To Genetics

Credits: MHIS science teacher

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4 views

Introduction To Genetics

Credits: MHIS science teacher

Uploaded by

zakira
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to

Genetics
Genetics is the study of how traits and characteristics are passed down
from parents to their offspring through genes, which are made up of DNA.
Understanding the basics of genetics is key to unlocking the secrets of life
and inheritance.

by Denaya Amalia
Chromosomes, Genes, and DNA

1 Chromosomes 2 Genes 3 DNA


Chromosomes are structures in Genes are sections of DNA that DNA is the molecule that stores
cells that contain genetic provide instructions for traits and and transmits genetic
material. characteristics. information.
Fertilization and Genetic
Combination

1 Gamete Fusion
During fertilization, a sperm cell fuses with an egg cell to
form a new, genetically unique individual.

2 Genetic Recombination
The mixing of genetic material from the mother and
father results in a new combination of traits in the
offspring.

3 Genetic Diversity
This process of genetic recombination is a key driver of
diversity within a species.
Sex Inheritance in Humans
X and Y Chromosomes Inheritance Patterns Genetic Disorders

In humans, biological sex is When an egg (X) fuses with a sperm (X Certain genetic disorders, such as
determined by the X and Y sex or Y), the resulting offspring will be color blindness or hemophilia, are
chromosomes. Females have two X either XX (female) or XY (male). more common in males due to the
chromosomes, while males have one single X chromosome.
X and one Y chromosome.
Genetic Variation within a
Species
Mutations Adaptations
Genetic mutations, both Genetic variations allow
random and inherited, organisms to adapt to different
contribute to the diverse array environments and survive
of traits observed within a changing conditions.
species.

Evolution Biodiversity
Genetic diversity is the Genetic diversity is a key
foundation for the process of component of biodiversity,
evolution, enabling species to which is essential for the
evolve and adapt over time. health and resilience of
ecosystems.
Genetic Differences Between
Individuals

Unique Identities Genetic Markers


The unique combination of genes Specific DNA sequences, known as
in each individual is what makes genetic markers, can be used to
them genetically distinct from identify individuals and their
others. genetic profiles.

Health Implications Forensic Applications


Genetic differences can also Analyzing genetic differences is
influence an individual's crucial in fields like forensics,
susceptibility to certain diseases or where DNA evidence is used to
their response to medications. identify suspects or victims.
What makes you "you"?
example: tall body, sigma jawline

to answer this question please open menti.com and enter this code 3521 4400
Learning Objective
Describe the fusion of gametes to produce a fertilised egg with a new
combination of DNA. (C2)

Describe the inheritance of sex in humans in terms of XX and XY


chromosomes. (C2)

Describe variation within a species and relate this to genetic differences


between individuals. (C2)
Family Tree Example

Inheritance Patterns Tracing Lineage Identifying Traits

Traits are passed down through A family tree visually depicts how Examining a family tree can reveal
generations, creating observable genetic information flows through a which traits are dominant or recessive
family resemblances. family over time. within a lineage.
Conclusion and Key Takeaways
1 2 3

Fundamental Concepts Genetic Inheritance Genetic Variations


Genetics involves the study of Genetic information is passed down Genetic variations, both within a
chromosomes, genes, and DNA, from parents to offspring, leading to species and between individuals, are
which determine the characteristics the expression of traits and the the foundation for adaptation,
and traits of living organisms. creation of genetic diversity. evolution, and the unique identities of
living beings.

Understanding the principles of genetics is crucial for advancing scientific knowledge, improving human health, and preserving
the rich biodiversity of our planet.

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