FACTORS AFFECTING MOTIVATION TOWARDS ENTREPRENEURIAL

ENGAGEMENT AMONG SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS

_______________

A Research Paper
Presented to the
Faculty of the Senior High School
DR. CECILIO PUTONG NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Tagbilaran City

_______________

In Partial Fulfillment
Of the requirements of the course
SPORTS TRACK

_______________

By

FAMILY NAME, FIRST NAME 1 FAMILY NAME, FIRST NAME 3

FAMILY NAME, FIRST NAME 2 FAMILY NAME, FIRST NAME 4
FAMILY NAME, FIRST NAME 5

MONTH YEAR of graduation

 ii
APPROVAL SHEET

This thesis titled “

CLICK OR TAP HERE TO ENCODE TITLE OF RESEARCH.
” is prepared and submitted by
Click or tap here to encode names of members with firs
, in partial
fulfillment of the requirements for the course, SPORTS Track, has been
examined and is recommended for approval and acceptance.

FIRST NAME FOLLOWED BY FAMILY NAME, TITLE

Faculty, Senior High School
Dr. Cecilio Putong National High School
Adviser

FIRST NAME FOLLOWED BY FAMILY NAME, TITLE

Faculty, Name of Unit ex. College of Arts and Sciences
Dr. Cecilio Putong National High School
Statistician

PANEL OF EXAMINERS

Approve by the committee on Oral Examination with the grade of ____.

FIRST NAME FOLLOWED BY FAMILY NAME, TITLE

Faculty, Programs handled
Dr. Cecilio Putong National High School
Chairman

NAME, same format as above NAME, same format as above

Faculty, Senior High School Faculty, Senior High School
Dr. Cecilio Putong National HS Dr. Cecilio Putong National HS
Member Member
 iii
ACCEPTANCE SHEET

This research paper entitled “

CLICK OR TAP HERE TO ENCODE TITLE OF RESEARCH.
” was prepared and submitted by
Click or tap here to encode names of members
, in
partial fulfillment of the requirements for the course, SPORTS Track.

FIRST NAME FOLLOWED BY FAMILY NAME, TITLE

Faculty, Programs handled
Dr. Cecilio Putong National High School
Chairman

NAME, same format as above NAME, same format as above

Faculty, Senior High School Faculty, Senior High School
Dr. Cecilio Putong National HS Dr. Cecilio Putong National HS
Member Member

CESAR J. PAGULONG, LPT, EdD

Research Adviser
 iv

_____________________

Date
 v
ACKNOWLEDGMENT

You start typing your acknowledgment here. Write the names of those

who have supported you in completing your study in bold.

We would like to express our genuine appreciation and profound

gratitude to the warm-hearted and diligent people who have contributed in

shaping this valuable piece of work.

To our dedicated teachers, especially our research adviser, Cesar J.

Pagulong, Jr. EdD, who provided invaluable guidance and helpful ideas, we are

sincerely grateful for his essential role in making this study successful.

To our supportive parents, family members, and friends for their

encouragement, understanding, and prayers during the challenges we

encountered in this journey.

To our panelists, Ms. Ma. Aileen C. Salibay, MA-ENGLISH, Mrs. Gail

Ann D. Tinampay, MA-ENGLISH, and Engr. John Lester Baroro, for their

valuable feedback and beneficial criticisms, which have improved the quality of

this study.

Above all, the Lord, whose wisdom, grace, and divine intervention have

guided us through challenges and empowered us to achieve this milestone. His

boundless grace has guided us through challenges and led us to the successful

completion of this endeavor.

-The Researchers-
 vi
ABSTRACT

Title of the Study: Click or tap here to enter text.

Researchers: Family Name, First Name alphabetical order

Family Name, First Name
Family Name, First Name
Family Name, First Name
Family Name, First Name

Adviser: Title First Name Family Name

Date Defended: Month day, year

This study was conducted to determine the factors affecting motivation

towards entrepreneurial engagement among senior high school students at Dr.
Cecilio Putong National High School. The study used a descriptive-mixed method
of research design using quantitative and qualitative approaches. In the
quantitative approach, the survey questionnaire was adapted from the study of
Bin Jomah (2018) titled Students' Perceptions of Factors Influencing
Entrepreneurial Intention at King Saud University in Saudi Arabia and modified to
fit the study to determine the motivations of senior high school students towards
entrepreneurial engagement. In the qualitative approach, researcher-made
questions were used as guide in a semi-structured interview. There were 292
respondents in the quantitative approach, and there were 4 respondents in the
qualitative approach who were all senior high school students. The results of the
study indicated that while considering pursuing entrepreneurial activities, senior
high school students are motivated by a variety of factors, including social
factors, personal perspectives, personal interests, and familial guidance. Further,
it was revealed that there is no relationship between demographic profile in terms
of sex and strand and motivation towards entrepreneurial engagement among
senior high school students in terms of personal, family, social, and academic
factors. The study concluded that motivation among senior high school students
is a complex phenomenon influenced by personal, family, academic, and social
factors. Thus, the researchers concluded that the senior high school students
had engaged in personal, family, social, and academic factors. Understanding
these factors can help educators and policymakers develop effective strategies
to enhance student motivation and promote educational success. (not more than
300 words)

Keywords: Personal Factors, Family Factors, Social Factors, Academic Factors,

Motivation, Entrepreneurial Engagement, Senior High School Students,
Entrepreneurship
 vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE i

APPROVAL SHEET ii

ACCEPTANCE SHEET iii

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . iv

ABSTRACT v

TABLE OF CONTENTS vi

LIST OF TABLES vii

LIST OF FIGURES viii

CHAPTER PAGE

I. THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE

INTRODUCTION

Rationale 1

Review of Related 2

Literature

THE PROBLEM

Statement of the Problem 3

Significance of the Study 4

Statement of Hypothesis 4

Scope and Limitations 5

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research Design 6

Research Environment 7
 viii
Research Participants 15

Research Instrument 16

Research Procedure 17

Gathering of Data 18

Statistical Treatment of Data 19

Ethical Considerations 19

DEFINITION OF TERMS 20

II. PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND

INTERPRETATION OF DATA 29

III. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION

AND RECOMMENDATIONS 30

Summary 19

Findings 20

Conclusion 21

Recommendations 22

REFERENCES 23

APPENDICES

Appendix A – Transmittal Letters 25

Appendix B – Research Instruments 26

Appendix C – (Add or delete) 27

Appendix D – (Add or delete) 28

Appendix E – (Add or delete) 29

CURRICULUM VITAE . 30
 ix
LIST OF TABLES

TABLE PAGE

1 Title 12

2 Title (If the title is long and a second line is needed, put the
remaining part of the title in the next line) 13

3 Title 14

4 Title 15
 x
LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE PAGE

1 Title 12

2 Title (if the title is long and a second line is needed, put the
remaining part of the title in the next line.) 13

3 Title 14

4 Title 15
 CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE

INTRODUCTION

Rationale

Around the world, entrepreneurial activity has emerged as an essential

component of economic growth and development. Entrepreneurship plays a key

role in a country's economic development by not only promoting economic

growth but also by generating a significant number of job opportunities for its

citizens (Setiawan & Lestari, 2021). As entrepreneurship supports the creation of

new jobs, boosts innovation, and makes the labor market more competitive,

entrepreneurship has been seen as a vital contributor and an economic engine of

every nation (Barba-Sánchez et al., 2022). Strong entrepreneurship is not

something that the Philippines is known for (Magnaye, 2022). Based on the

Global Entrepreneurship Monitor survey (2022), the country's social norms about

entrepreneurship, as well as people's psychology, demographics, and motives,

are the primary factors contributing to entrepreneurial activity.

The basic education system in the Philippines went through a significant

redesign under the "K–12 program" of the Department of Education and

regardless of the strands students have chosen, all senior high school students

have access to the entrepreneurship subject as part of the applied curriculum

(Department of Education, 2019). Every K–12 graduate will be capable of

exploring a variety of pathways, including higher education, professional work, or

 2
entrepreneurship after completing kindergarten, the improved elementary and

junior high curriculum, and a specialized senior high program (Doctolero, 2023).

The number of higher education programs teaching entrepreneurship has

expanded quickly around the globe (Liu et al., 2021). Furthermore, Karyaningsih

et al. (2020) acknowledged that promoting entrepreneurial dedication, spirit, and

conduct among young people is significantly made possible by entrepreneurship

education. In light of this, Cui et al. (2019) pointed out that entrepreneurship

education ought to outline students' mindsets, attitudes, and behaviors to be

entrepreneurs as a potential career option.

The researchers were interested in discovering how entrepreneurship

affects students' motivation to engage in entrepreneurship, as it is included in the

senior high school curriculum. Regardless of their chosen track, the researchers

desired to know if senior high school students were inclined towards or are

engaged in entrepreneurship. This question was especially pertinent because all

senior high school students are exposed to the entrepreneurship subject in

addition to those enrolled in the ABM (Accountancy, Business, and Management)

strand. The researchers wanted to investigate if ABM, with its emphasis on

entrepreneurship, stands out as the predominant strand that encourages

students to have a mindset of entrepreneurship. Moreover, the researchers

sought to discover whether the ABM strand has a noticeable aptitude for

entrepreneurial activity. This study is crucial to determining the importance of

entrepreneurship education and incentives for entrepreneurial participation

across all strands.

 3

Review of Related Literature (at least 10 citations)

The theory supporting this study shows connection with entrepreneurial

engagement. (LIMIT to ONE theory)

The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) by Ajzen (1991) indicates that a

person's views about entrepreneurship, perceived behavioral control, and

subjective norms all have an impact on their intentions to engage in

entrepreneurship. This indicates that a student's intention to engage in

entrepreneurship will be high if they have a positive mindset toward

entrepreneurship, perceive control over whether they can establish a business,

and have confidence that their friends and family support them.

the problem.

Paragraph 2 - State the relevance of the theory to your study.

Next page is the presentation of theoretical framework, schematic

diagram or theoretical-conceptual framework.

Legal Bases

The Republic Act No. 10533, also known as the “Enhanced Basic

Education Act of 2013”, improves basic education by expanding the curriculum

and the number of years. It covers Grades 1 to 10, including Senior High School

(SHS). The structure includes one year of kindergarten, six years of elementary,

and six years of secondary education, with four years in junior high school and

two years in senior high school. This law mandates the Department of Education
 4
(DepEd) to develop programs that put the law's provisions into action. This

includes initiatives for teacher education and training.

Additionally, the Republic Act No. 10679, known as the "Youth

Entrepreneurship Act", promotes entrepreneurship and financial education

among young individuals aged 18 to 30. The law aims to provide information on

government and non-government assistance and training programs for young

entrepreneurs. It also facilitates mentoring and coaching programs in

coordination with eligible entities to share technical knowledge and skills. When

starting a business in the Philippines, it's crucial to register your business, obtain

the necessary permits and licenses, and comply with industry-specific and

general regulations. Failure to do so can result in fines or penalties.

This part shows your Review of Related literature..

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to determine the factors affecting motivation towards entrepreneurial engageme

Specifically, the study seeks to answer the following questions:

1. What are the respondents’ demographic profile in terms of:

1.1 sex; and

1.2 strand?

2. What are the factors affecting motivation towards entrepreneurial engagement

among senior high school students in terms of;

 5
2.1 personal factors;

2.2 family factors;

2.3 social factors; and

2.4 academic factors?

3. Is there a significant relationship between the respondents’ profile and

motivation towards entrepreneurial engagement among senior high school

students?

4. Is there a significant difference between the respondents’ profile and

motivation towards entrepreneurial engagement among senior high school

students?

5. How does the literacy of entrepreneurship contribute to the respondents’

personal understanding and future career aspirations?

Statement of Null Hypothesis (quanti) Assumptions (quali)

Ho1: There is no relationship between the respondents’ profile and

motivation towards entrepreneurial engagement among senior high school

students.

Ho2: There is no difference between the respondents’ profile and

motivation towards entrepreneurial engagement among senior high school

students.

Significance of the Study

This study aims to determine the factors affecting the motivation toward

entrepreneurial engagement among senior high school students at Dr. Cecilio

 6
Putong National High School. The generalization of this study will be a great

contribution to senior high school students concerning the factors affecting their

motivation towards entrepreneurial engagement in terms of personal, family,

social, and academic factors.

Grade 12 Students. This study will raise awareness among Grade 12

students about evaluating their potential interest in business. It can also serve as

a guide for Grade 12 students to gain a better understanding of the factors that

drive entrepreneurial engagement, which can help make informed decisions

about future career paths.

Entrepreneurship teachers. This research may help educators who

teach entrepreneurship create and carry out successful curriculum that

encourage students to have an entrepreneurial mentality, attitude, and self-

confidence.

Researchers. This research can help researchers identify the motivations

that affect senior high school students' entrepreneurial engagement. Throughout

this process, researchers contribute to the awareness of the senior high school

students at Dr. Cecilio Putong National High School regarding their motivations

towards entrepreneurial engagement.

Future Researchers. Future researchers will be able to use the outcome

of this research as a base for guidance. This can provide them with ideas for

doing a related study.

Scope and Limitation of the Study

Paragraph 1 – Scope of the study

 7
Paragraph 2 – Limitations of the study

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research Design

The researchers utilized descriptive-mixed method study design.

Research Respondents

The respondents of this study were the students of Dr. Cecilio Putong

National High School, specifically the Grade 12 senior high school students. In

the quantitative research, the respondents were chosen through random

sampling for the purpose of obtaining the results of the factors affecting

motivation towards entrepreneurial engagement among senior high school

students.

In the qualitative approach, the respondents were four senior high school

students composed of three (3) HUMSS students, and one (1) ABM student who

were all male. The researchers chose four respondents to know the different

perspective of different strands.

Research Instrument
 8
The researchers collected the required data from the respondents through

a survey questionnaire and used a validated survey form with questions adapted

from the study of Bin Jomah (2018), "Students' Perceptions of Factors

Influencing Entrepreneurial Intention at King Saud University in Saudi Arabia,"

and modified to fit the study. This survey was used to collect information about

the respondent's gender, strand, and the factors affecting motivation towards

entrepreneurial engagement among senior high school students. These factors

include personal factors, family factors, social factors, and academic factors.

For the qualitative approach, the researcher also constructed a self-made

open-ended interview question when asking the central and sub-central

questions to get an in-depth description of their experiences and perceptions of

the phenomenon. Guided by the psychological reduction form of bracketing, the

researchers ignored all preconceived beliefs and personal experiences as senior

high school students of Dr. Cecilio Putong National High School to avoid any

forms of bias.

Research Procedure

Pre-Data Gathering. The researchers sought permission from the school

principal to authorize the conduct of interviews among the selected respondents.

Subsequently, researchers identified the participants and arranged schedules

with them as they were interviewed separately.

Actual Data Gathering. With the overarching research objectives,

respondents participated in a semi-structured interview. They were encouraged

to feel comfortable while narrating experiences or determining challenges in

 9
teaching the subjects. Further, they were informed that their responses had to be

recorded and that they had the freedom to participate in the study and to

withdraw when deemed necessary. Lastly, they were informed that the

researchers used pseudonyms or letters in recording narratives to maintain

anonymity and confidentiality.

Post Data Gathering. Guided by phenomenological psychological

reduction form of bracketing, the researchers disregarded all prior assumptions

and personal experiences as research teachers themselves. Researchers

employed the Colaizzi’s method in analyzing the results of the informants’

responses.

Statistical Treatment of Data

Discuss but do not show the formula/s.

Ethical Considerations

The researchers strictly adhered to the highest ethical guidelines and

principles in conducting this study involving research teachers. Before the

interview commenced, they were reminded of the importance of confidentiality

and anonymity during the process. Moreover, the risk-benefit ratio was properly

weighed as well as the research procedures. Hence, the study is ethically sound

to begin with.

Informed Consent. The researchers observed the basic ethical

considerations when conducting the study. The participants were provided with

consent forms and informed of their freedom to choose whether to participate in

the study or decline. Further, they were adequately informed about the study and
 10
the entirety of its process before the researchers completely obtained the

respondents’ agreement.

Confidentiality Pledge. The researchers ensured the confidentiality of

the gathered data relative to the personal information of the respondents of the

study and these were not disclosed to the public at any cause. This was

guaranteed by the following activities:

• Respondents’ names were replaced with pseudonyms or letters

• The narratives containing the name of the respondents were removed

and destroyed after analyzing the results.

• The research team had the sole access to the themes’ master list.

• Files containing research data is password protected and encrypted to

keep the data safe.

Authorization to Access Private Information. The interest of the

participants will be protected by Republic Act 10173 also known as the Data

privacy Act of 2012, henceforth, any pertinent data or information of the

participants of this will not be accessed, transported, or copied without the

approval and consent of the Regional Research Committee (RRC).

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Define the terms operationally.

Academic Factor. It refers to the method of teaching, education setting,

curriculum, and contents of the entrepreneurship subject offered by the school.

 11
Family Factor – It refers to the factor in which family influence is included

in entrepreneurship interest.
 CHAPTER II

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter presents, analyzes, and interprets data on the factors

affecting motivation towards entrepreneurial engagement among senior high

school students. The data were properly tallied, analyzed, and interpreted

through tables to easily understand the readers. Every table composed all the

details about our findings.

Table 1.1 Demographic Profile in terms of Sex

Sex Frequency Percentage Rank
Male 111 38% 2
Female 181 62% 1
Total 292 100%

Note: If there is a need to include a legend, use 10 font size.

Legend:

Scale Qualitative Description

1.0 – 1.75 Strongly Disagree
1.76 – 2.50 Disagree
2.51 – 3.25 Agree
3.26 – 4.00 Strongly Agree

Also, use present tense when discussing the results.

 CHAPTER III

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter presents the summary of the study as well as the findings in

consonance with the problem statement. As such, it made conclusions and

recommendations based on the interpretation of the data.

Summary of Findings

There was a total of 292 respondents in this study, and the majority of the

respondents were female. Most of the senior high school students were enrolled

in the HUMSS strand with 67 individuals, and the least number of respondents

were from the Food Processing strand with 4 individuals.

In terms of personal factors affecting motivation towards entrepreneurial

engagement, the result revealed that senior high school students were most

motivated by consideration of entrepreneurship as a highly desirable career

alternative. It was followed by an understanding of the potential benefits of

entrepreneurship, a feeling of freedom and being in control of own decisions, and

a firm intention to start own company someday. On the other hand, the least

motivating factor for the senior high school students was prior or current

entrepreneurial experience and activity…

 14
Conclusion

As collectively shown in the summary of findings, the researchers derived

different conclusions about the factors affecting motivation towards

entrepreneurial engagement among senior high school students.

It can be concluded that the senior high school students, regardless of sex

and strand, were motivated by personal, family, social, and academic factors

towards entrepreneurial engagement. The respondents’ top motivation was

considering entrepreneurship as an alternative career and the benefits of

entrepreneurship. Furthermore, senior high school students realized that

entrepreneurship gives them a feeling of freedom and independence. On the

other hand, the families of senior high school students did not express their

desire for them to become the successors in their family-owned business. Also,

senior high school students did not have entrepreneurs around them.

Recommendations

In light of the findings and the conclusions obtained from the present

study, the researchers have come up with the following recommendations:

1. Abcdefghi….

2. Dscdcdcd

3. Dsfdssd

4. (Recommend 2 titles for future researchers)

REFERENCES
 16
REFERENCES

Allen, M., & Gartner, W. (2021). Family entrepreneurship. Springer International

Publishing. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66846-4.

APPENDICES
 18
APPENDIX A – TRANSMITTAL LETTERS
 19
APPENIX B – RESEARCH INSTRUMENT

I. Profile of the Respondents

Instruction: Please respond to the following questions by putting a check mark

(✔) in the supplied blank area.
Name (optional): __________________________________
Sex: Male Female
Strand: ____________________
II. Factors Affecting Motivation Towards Entrepreneurial Engagement
among Senior High School Students
Instruction: Please answer your agreement level by placing a check mark (✔) in
the box.
(4) SA - Strongly Agree (means you are certainly agreeing)
(3) A - Agree (means you agree)
(2) D - Disagree (means you do not agree)
(1) SD - Strongly Disagree (means you certainly do not agree)

PERSONAL FACTORS 4 (SA) 3 (A) 2 (D) 1 (SD)

1. I personally consider entrepreneurship to be a
highly desirable career alternative.
2. I have prior or current entrepreneurial
experience and activity.
3. I have the firm intention to start my own
company someday.
4. I am motivated by my understanding of the
potential benefits of entrepreneurship.
5. Entrepreneurship gives me a feeling of
freedom and being in control of my own
decisions.
FAMILY FACTORS 4 (SA) 3 (A) 2 (D) 1 (SD)
1. My parents and family members are in
business and serve as my role model.
2. I have a strong financial and moral support
from my family.
3. My parents want me to be the successor in the
family-owned business.
4. My family encourage me to think outside the
box.
5. My family encouraged me to explore
entrepreneurial interests.
 20
APPENIX C – RESEARCH INSTRUMENT

What is entrepreneurship to you?

CURRICULUM VITAE
 APPENDIX E - CURRICULUM VITAE

I. Personal Information:

Name: Mardy Mae E. Brobo

Date of Birth: June 14, 2006

Place of Birth: Poblacion, Dauis, Bohol

Address: F.B. Penales St., Purok 3, Kaipusan, Poblacion, Dauis, Bohol

Email Address: [email protected]

Contact No.: 09106707636

Father: Carlito S. Brobo

Mother: Mardylin E. Brobo

Brother: Niño Lito E. Brobo

Sister: Michelle E. Brobo, Madelein E. Brobo

II. EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND:

Elementary - Dauis Central Elementary School

Junior High School - Dr. Cecilio Putong National High School

Senior High School - Dr. Cecilio Putong National High School