WEEK 4

SOCIALIZATION
Module 4
LEARNING
Objectives
01 Explain the development of one’s self and others as a
product of socialization and enculturation.
02 Identify the context, content, processes and
consequences of enculturation and socialization
03 Identify the social goals and the socially acceptable
means of achieving these goals
04 Advocate inclusive citizenship
03
05 Promote protection of human dignity, rights and the
common good
 WHAT IS YOUR IDEA OF
SOCIALIZATION?

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 Socialization
1. Socialization is the process by which children
and adults learn from others skills, knowledge,
norms, and values of their society
2. Exposes the person to the culture of society
and eventually acquiring them.
3. It is also a mode of social control.
4. Socialization is continuing.

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 2 TYPES OF SOCIALIZATION
PRIMARY SECONDARY

The socialization that we have Happens when we start schooling,

with our parents, our then
caregivers, and working for the job that we end up to.
immediate relatives who have Our interaction with classmates,
been there for us to provide co-employees or play friends effect
our needs – changes in our way of thinking,
food, clothing, shelter, love, dealing with people, growing as a
peace and security mature individual

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AGENTS OF Socialization is effected by

Socialization
these agents:
FAMILY MEDIA
introduces us to the The media, print and
expectations of society. broadcast, the television,
and computers are dominant
tools for socialization.

PEERS RELIGION
Peer culture is an An agent of socialization also
important source of influences your beliefs about
sexuality, including the
identity
likelihood of tolerance for gay
and lesbian sexuality.

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AGENTS OF FAMILY

Socialization
Our family members orient us
with the necessary experiences
so that we develop our self-
sense

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AGENTS OF FAMILY

Socialization
Parents define and treat a child
necessary to the development
of the child’s sense of self.
Some families emphasize
educational achievement; some
may be more permissive,
whereas others emphasize
strict obedience and discipline.

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AGENTS OF MEDIA

Socialization
They may only be virtual
means of socialization but
children are so hooked with
their gadgets today so that
they acquire, new language,
values, and behaviors from
what they read, see and hear.

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AGENTS OF MEDIA

Socialization
Television is the dominant
medium, although half of all
youth use a computer daily
Analysts estimate that by age
18, the average child will have
witnessed at least 18,000
simulated murders on
television

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AGENTS OF
POLLING QUESTION

Socialization
Which media source do you think
has the strongest impact on
attitudes and behaviors of your
generation?
A. Advertising
B. Television
C. Music and music videos
D. The Internet
E. Magazines

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AGENTS OF PEERS

Socialization
For children, peer culture is an
important source of identity. • Through
interaction with peers, children learn
concepts of self, gain social skills, and
form values and attitudes.
Girls’ peer groups tend to be closely
knit and egalitarian.
Boys’ peer groups tend to be more
hierarchical, with evident status
distinctions between members

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AGENTS OF RELIGION

Socialization
Children tend to develop the
same religious beliefs as their
parents.

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AGENTS OF SPORTS

Socialization
Through sports, men and women
learn concepts of self • Men learn
that being competitive in sports is
considered a part of “manhood”
Women in sports develop a strong
sense of bodily competence,
which is typically denied to them
by the prevailing cultural images of
women’s bodies

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AGENTS OF SCHOOL

Socialization
Schools are also agents of
socialization because through
the teachers and our
schoolmates, we are
encouraged to think and behave
appropriately to the situations
or occasions that we are in.

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 Socialization
Socialization is also a form of social control. It
may be in the form of coercion: like
punishment, economy.
It may also be in the form of language which
we use as cultural symbols; Socialization also
avoids to be ridiculed from peers, to have a
good relationship with our family members and
to our own selves
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 Results of
Establishes Self
Identity
Individual is ready
for role taking
SOCIALIZATION
People learn to act
People acquires
in socially
culture
acceptable ways

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AGENTS OF
POLLING QUESTION

Socialization
Which agent of socialization do you
think is the most responsible for
gender differences in how males and
females are socialized?
A. The family
B. Religion
C. The peer group
D. Education
E. Mass media

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THEORIES OF
Socialization
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SIGMUND FREUD PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY
Sigmund Freud's theory suggests that
human behavior is influenced by
unconscious memories, thoughts, and
urges. The formation of the self occurs
between the id and the superego. The
influence of society happens in the
superego.
SIGMUND FREUD PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY
According to Sigmund Freud, human
personality is complex and has more
than a single component. In his famous
psychoanalytic theory, Freud states that
personality is composed of three
elements known as the id, the ego, and
the superego.
ID According to Freud, the id is the source of
all psychic energy, making it the primary
component of personality.
The id is the only component of
personality that is present from birth.
This aspect of personality is entirely
unconscious and includes instinctive and
primitive behaviors.
The id is driven by the pleasure principle,
which strives for immediate gratification
of all desires, wants, and needs.
EXAMPLE OF THE ID Imagine trying to convince a baby to wait until
lunchtime to eat their meal. The id requires
immediate satisfaction, and because the other
components of personality are not yet present,
the infant will cry until these needs are
fulfilled.
However, immediately fulfilling these needs is
not always realistic or even possible. If we
were ruled entirely by the pleasure principle,
we might find ourselves grabbing the things
that we want out of other people's hands to
satisfy our cravings.
 According to Freud, the ego develops from the id
EGO and ensures that the impulses of the id can be
expressed in a manner acceptable in the real
world.
The ego functions in the conscious, preconscious,
and unconscious mind.
The ego is the personality component responsible
for dealing with reality.
Everyone has an ego. The term ego is sometimes
used to describe your cohesive awareness of your
personality, but personality and ego are not the
same. The ego represents just one component of
your full personality.
 The ego operates based on the reality principle,
EGO which strives to satisfy the id's desires in realistic
and socially appropriate ways. The reality principle
weighs the costs and benefits of an action before
deciding to act upon or abandon impulses.
The term ego is often used informally to suggest
that someone has an inflated sense of self. The
ego in personality has a positive effect. It is the
part of your personality that keeps you grounded in
reality and prevents the id and superego from
pulling you too far toward your most basic urges or
moralistic virtues. Having a strong ego means
having a strong sense of self-awareness.
 Imagine that you are stuck in a long meeting at
EXAMPLE OF THE EGO work. You find yourself growing increasingly
hungry as the meeting drags on. While the id
might compel you to jump up from your seat and
rush to the break room for a snack, the ego
guides you to sit quietly and wait for the meeting
to end.
Instead of acting upon the primal urges of the id,
you spend the rest of the meeting imagining
yourself eating a cheeseburger. Once the meeting
is finally over, you can seek out the object you
were imagining and satisfy the demands of the id
realistically and appropriately.
 According to Freud, the superego begins to
THE SUPEREGO emerge at around age five.
The superego holds the internalized moral
standards and ideals that we acquire from
our parents and society (our sense of right
and wrong).
The superego provides guidelines for
making judgments.
 Parts of Superego
THE SUPEREGO The conscience includes information about things
that are viewed as bad by parents and society.
These behaviors are often forbidden and lead to
bad consequences, punishments, or feelings of
guilt and remorse.
The ego ideal includes the rules and standards for
behaviors that the ego aspires to.
The superego tries to perfect and civilize our behavior.
It suppresses all id's unacceptable urges and
struggles to make the ego act upon idealistic
standards rather than on realistic principles. The
superego is present in the conscious, preconscious,
and unconscious.
 For example, if you give in to the urges of the id, the
EX. OF THE SUPEREGO superego is what will cause you to feel a sense of guilt
or even shame about your actions. The superego may
help you feel good about your behavior when you
suppress your most primal urges.
Other examples of the superego include:
A woman feels an urge to steal office supplies from
work. However, her superego counteracts this urge
by focusing on the fact that such behaviors are
wrong.
A student forgot to study for a history test and feels
an urge to cheat off of a student sitting nearby. Even
though he feels like the chances of getting caught
are low, he knows that cheating is wrong, so he
suppresses the urge.
JEAN PIAGET’S COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
Jean Piaget also said in his
Cognitive Development theory that
socialization happens in different
stages of our mind’s development
– from infancy to adolescence or
adulthood.
JEAN PIAGET’S COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
He had a theory about how our minds grow and
learn, and he called it the "Cognitive Development"
theory.
Piaget believed that as we grow from being tiny
babies to older kids and then into teenagers or
adults, our minds go through different stages of
development.
During each of these stages, we learn how to fit in
and get along with other people. This learning and
fitting in is what he meant by "socialization."
 JEAN PIAGET’S COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
Example:
Think about when you were really little, and you learned to share
your toys. That's a bit of socialization happening as your mind is
developing.
Socialization isn't a one-time thing. It happens as our minds grow and
change, helping us understand how to act and get along with others at
each stage of our lives.
In simple terms, Piaget thought that as we grow up, our minds
develop in different stages, and during each stage, we learn how to be
part of society – that's what he meant by "socialization."
LAWRENCE KOHLBERG MORAL DEVELOPMENT THEORY
Lawrence Kohlberg in his Moral Development Theory
stated that moral development is a continual
process that occurs throughout our lifespan.
He had a theory about how our sense of what's right
and wrong, or "moral development," changes as we
grow up.
Kohlberg said that becoming more moral (knowing
more about right and wrong) is something that
happens all the time, not just when we're kids or
teenagers. It keeps going throughout our entire lives.
LAWRENCE KOHLBERG MORAL DEVELOPMENT THEORY
Example:
Think about when you were really little, and you might have
thought it was okay to take something without asking. But as
you grow up, you start realizing that's not right. That's a bit of
moral development happening.
"Lifespan," he means it's a lifelong process. It doesn't stop
when you become an adult; you keep learning about what's
right and wrong as you go through life.
Kohlberg believed that getting better at knowing what's right
and wrong is something that happens all the time, not just
when we're kids or teenagers – it's a lifelong process.
GEORGE HERBERT MEAD’S THEORY OF THE SOCIAL SELF
States that the self emerges from
social interactions. For example,
when we observe and interact with
others, respond to the opinions of
others we internalize outside
opinions and keep them inside us.
GEORGE HERBERT MEAD’S THEORY OF THE SOCIAL SELF
Who we are, our sense of self or identity,
comes from being around other people and
how we interact with them.
Example:
Imagine you're with friends, and they really
like your sense of humor. Over time, because
of these interactions, you start thinking of
yourself as someone who's funny.
CHARLES COOLEY’S THEORY OF LOOKING GLASS SELF
Charles Cooley’s Theory of
Looking-Glass Self also tells us
that we learn to take the role of
others. The expectation of others
forms the venue for acquiring
social roles.
CHARLES COOLEY’S THEORY OF LOOKING GLASS SELF
"Looking glass self" means:
It's like a mental mirror where we see
ourselves based on how we think others see
us.
So, it's not just about how we see ourselves;
it's also about how we think other people see
us. And these perceptions affect how we feel
—whether we feel proud, embarrassed, or
something else.
CHARLES COOLEY’S THEORY OF LOOKING GLASS SELF
Socialization, or learning how to fit into society, happens
throughout our whole life:
In childhood, we figure out who we are and what we
value.
In adolescence, we develop a solid sense of identity.
In adulthood and old age, we keep learning and
adapting to new roles and expectations in grown-up life.
In short, the "looking glass self" is like a mental mirror
reflecting how we think others see us, and socialization is a
continuous process that shapes us from childhood to old
age.
SOCIALIZATION
Happens when existing social roles are changed
or replaced. It also happens in organizations that
maintain social control like in the military, prison,
cults, fraternities and sororities.
The learning of new norms and values which
occurs later in life, when life circumstances
change or when people join a new group is called
resocialization. This is socialization that happens
in the workplace.

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Who can
summarize our
topics?
 Matchy Matcy

Column A Column B

1. Psychoanalytic Theory a. George Herbert Mead

2. Moral Development Theory b. Lawrence Kohlberg

3. Theory of the Social Self c. Sigmund Freud

4. Cognitive Development Theory d. Jean Piaget

5. Theory of Looking Glass Self e. Charles Cooley

THANK
You