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Electronics Components

Electronic components for kids

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Anand Dahikar
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42 views

Electronics Components

Electronic components for kids

Uploaded by

Anand Dahikar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Electronics Components

LDR (Light Dependent Resistor)


LDR is a passive component which changes its resistance due to the
intensity of light. When intensity of light increases, the resistance of LDR
gradually decreases, this change allows the flow of current through the LDR.

Resistor
Resistor is called a fixed resistor as its value remains same regardless of
the voltage across it. It limits the current flow from one end to the other end as
per its value, higher the resistance value lower the current flow across it.

Transistor
Transistor is a semiconductor element used
for amplifying signals and switching circuits. It has
3 terminals named as Collector which collects the
current, Emitter which emits the current and Base
which allows or stops the flow of current from
Collector to Emitter terminal.

Breadboard
Breadboard is a
platform to build basic
to advanced level of
circuits for testing and
implementation. It has
3 main sections, the
upper and bottom
section dots are
horizontally short-
circuited, the middle section is subdivided into two parts again explicitly
vertically connected from the inside. Its used to reduce wires as well as simplify
the use of ICs.
DPDT Relay
DPDT relay is an
electromechanical switch used
for controlling a separate
block of components. Double
pole resembles that there are
two polarities (+, -) at the
input end and double throw
means each polarity with two
outputs. This relay has 8 pins
as two pins are required for
the coil.

Breadboard:-

A breadboard is a solderless device for temporary prototype with


electronics and test circuit designs. Most electronic components in electronic
circuits can be interconnected by inserting their leads or terminals into the holes
and then making connections through wires where appropriate.

Printed circuit board:-

PCB is an electronic circuit consisting of thin strips of a conducting


material such as copper, which have been etched from a layer fixed to a flat
insulating sheet called a printed circuit board, and to which integrated circuits
and other components are attached.
Jumper wires:-
A jumper wire is an electrical wire, or group of them in a cable, with a
connector or pin at each end (or sometimes without them – simply "tinned"),
which is normally used to interconnect the components of a breadboard or other
prototype or test circuit, internally or with other equipment or components,
without soldering.
Individual jump wires are fitted by inserting their "end connectors" into the slots
provided in a breadboard, the header connector of a circuit board, or a piece of
test equipment.

Transistor:-
A transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify or switch
electronic signals and electrical power. It is composed of semiconductor
material usually with at least three terminals for connection to an external
circuit. A voltage or current applied to one pair of the transistor's terminals
controls the current through another pair of terminals. Because the controlled
(output) power can be higher than the controlling (input) power, switching
purpose, a transistor can amplify a signal. Today, some transistors are packaged
individually, but many more are found embedded in integrated circuits.
LDR:-
An LDR is a component that has a (variable) resistance that changes with
the light intensity that falls upon it. This allows them to be used in light sensing
circuits. The most common type of LDR has a resistance that falls with an
increase in the light intensity falling upon the device. The resistance of an LDR
may typically have the following resistances:
Daylight = 5000Ω
Dark = 20000000Ω

Applications of LDRs:-
There are many applications for Light Dependent Resistors. These
include:

Lighting switch:-

The most obvious application for an LDR is to automatically turn on a


light at a certain light level. An example of this could be a street light or a
garden light.

LED(Light Emitting Diode):-

A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor device that emits visible


light when an electric current passes through it. The light is not particularly
bright, but in most LEDs it is monochromatic, occurring at a single wavelength.
The output from an LED can range from red (at a wavelength of approximately
700 nanometers) to blue-violet (about 400 nanometers). Some LEDs emit
infrared (IR) energy (830 nanometers or longer); such a device is known as an
infrared-emitting diode (IRED).

DC Motor:-

A DC motor is any of a class of rotary electrical machines that converts


direct current electrical energy into mechanical energy. The most common types
rely on the forces produced by magnetic fields. Nearly all types of DC motors
have some internal mechanism, either electromechanical or electronic, to
periodically change the direction of current flow in part of the motor.

Relay:-
Relays are the primary protection as well as switching devices in most of
the control processes or equipment. All the relays respond to one or more
electrical quantities like voltage or current such that they open or close the
contacts or circuits. A relay is a switching device as it works to isolate or
change the state of an electric circuit from one state to another.

IR Sensor:-
An infrared sensor is an electronic device that emits in order to sense
some aspects of the surroundings. An IR sensor can measure the heat of an
object as well as detects the motion. These types of sensors measures only
infrared radiation, rather than emitting it that is called as a passive IR sensor.
Usually in the infrared spectrum, all the objects radiate some form of thermal
radiation. These types of radiations are invisible to our eyes, that can be
detected by an infrared sensor. The emitter is simply an IR LED (Light Emitting
Diode) and the detector is simply an IR photodiode which is sensitive to IR light
of the same wavelength as that emitted by the IR LED. When IR light falls on
the photodiode, the resistances and these output voltages, change in proportion
to the magnitude of the IR light received.
Here we are using two types of IR sensors:
1: Logic High
2: Logic Low

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