1

Manuscript title
(inverted pyramid)

Title (Bold, UPPERCASE)______

_____________________________________
_______________

A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of

SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES
New Era University

Program/ Major In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of

courses DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN EDUCATION
Major in Educational Management

Author
Student name here

June 2024
Month and Year
of graduation
 2

© Copyright (year) by (Author)

New Era University

All Rights Reserved

 3

APPROVAL SHEET
CAPITAL LETTER
(NAME OF STUDENT) CAPITAL LETTER
This dissertation titled “________________________________________

___________________________________________ is prepared and submitted by

______________________________ in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the

degree of , Major in _______________

has been examined and is recommended for acceptance and approval for Oral

examination.

LUNINGNING B. DE CASTRO, Ph.D.

Adviser
________________________________________________________________________
Approved by the Committee on Oral Examination with a grade of ______ on May
Date of Defense
15, 2023 .

Panel Members JUAN M. DELA CRUZ, PhD

(name, degree) Chair

Member Member

Member Member

Approved and accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of

Doctor of Philosophy in Education, Major in Educational Management.

JULIAN J. MEIMBAN III, PhD

Dean
 4

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The researcher also wishers to express his heartfelt gratitude to the

following people who in many ways supported him in the completion of this
thesis:

Dr. Alberto R. Domingo, Jr., the University President who

.
Dr. Julian J. Meimban III, the Dean, School of Graduate Studies,
_______________.
Dr. , the Adviser who gave the outmost support and
suggestions in improving this manuscript.
To the members of the Panel Examiners, Dr. ,
Dr. , , and
Dr.
suggestions and comments in refining this study.

(name of author)

(This is just a TEMPLATE)

 5

Dedication

This book is heartily dedicated to the researcher’s family -

, , and
for their moral support, understanding and encouragement.

(author initials)
 6

ABSTRACT

Title :

Author:
Degree:
Major:
not indent and not justify
Adviser:
Year:

An abstract is a brief, comprehensive summary of the contents of the manuscript; it

allows the reader to survey the contents of an article quickly and, like the title, it enables
the person to be interested in the document. A good abstract is accurate, non-evaluative,
coherent, concise, and readable.
The abstract is written with no more than 200 words.
The abstract / research objective is written in the present tense and in ONE (1)
paragraph ONLY;
italic Not italic

Keywords: _____________, , , and .

According to the APA 7th edition, a good abstract contains:

• The problem in one sentence;

• The respondents' pertinent characteristics;

• Essential features of the study method;

• The basic findings, including effect sizes and confidence intervals and the
statistical significance level; and,

• The conclusions and the implications of the study

 7

The university format is as follows:

• Font Style: Times New Roman (Standard worldwide);

• Font Size: 12;

• Double spaced;

• Margin: Top 2, Left 1.5, Right 1.0 and Bottom 1.0;

• Two spaces between paragraph and sub-heading;

• All major sub-headings are left aligned;

• Sub-titles under major sub-headings are indented;

TOC
Title Page
APA Headings Levels 1-5 …………………………………………………………Error!

Bookmark not defined.

Level 2 Headings ……………………………………………………………. Error!

Bookmark not defined.

Level 3 Headings …………………………………………………………. Error!

Bookmark not defined.

Level 4 Headings ………………………………………………………. Error!

Bookmark not defined.

Level 5 Headings …………………………………………………. Error!

Bookmark not defined.
 8

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page

TITLE PAGE…………………………………………………………………………… 1
APPROVAL SHEET……………………………………………………………………. 2
ACKNOWLEDGMENT………………………………………………………………... 3
DEDICATION…………………………………………………………………………... 4
ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………………………….. 5
TABLE OF CONTENTS………………………………………………………………... 6
LIST OF TABLES………………………………………………………………………. 7
LIST OF APPENDICES ..……………………………………………………………… 9

Chapter

1 INTRODUCTION 10
Background of the Study…………………………………………... 13
Problem Statement ………………………………………………... 13
Review of Related Literature ..……………………………………. 16
Theoretical Framework……………………………………………. 28
Conceptual Framework……………………………………………. 30
Purpose Statement ……...…………………………………………. 32
Scope And Delimitation …………………………………………… 33
Significance Of The Study………………………………………… 34
 9

Definition of Terms………………………………………………... 28
Summary ………………………………………………………….... 45
2 METHODOLOGY
Research Design……………………………………………………...
Research Setting …………………………………………………….
Sample ………………………………………………………………
Sampling Procedure………………………………………………….
Respondents………………………………………………………….
Data Collection Methods …………………………………………….
Data Collection Procedure ………………………………………........
Data Analysis ………………………………………………………...
Trustworthiness ………………………………………………………
Reflexivity …………………………………………………………….
Ethical Consideration …………………………………………………
Summary ………………………………………………………………
3 RESULTS ……………………………………………………………….
Operational Data Collection ………………………………………….
Operational Data Analysis ……………………………………………
Participants’ Demographic Profile ……………………………………
Discussions, Presentation, and Interpretation …………………….....
Essence ………………………………………………………………
Summary ……………………………………………………………..
4 DISCUSSION …………………………………………………………
Summary of Findings……………………………………………….
Implications …………………………………………………………
Conclusions…………………………………………………….........
Recommendations……………………………………………………
Limitations …………………………………………………………..
 10

Reflections …………………………………………………………..
References ……………………………………………………………………..
Appendix ………………………………………………………………………

LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendix Page
A. Letter to the Participant …………………………………

B. Informed Consent ……………………………………….

C. Interview Guide Question ……………………………….

D. Interview Transcription………………………………….

E. Audit Trail ……………………………………………….

F. Methodological and Analytical Memoing ……………….

G. Data Analysis Table ………………………………………

H. Book of Themes ………………………………………….

I. Curriculum Vitae………………………………………….
 11

LIST OF FIGURE

Figure Figure Description Page

Number

1 60
 12

Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

• Introduce the specific problem under study;

• State what problem or challenge your research is trying to

solve and the context or circumstances surrounding it.
• The specific issue that has not been fully explored by other
researchers.
Problem Statement

• The problem is within your field of study.

Otherwise, establish the connection between the issue and
your curricular discipline.

• Discuss how the problem relates to previous study,

the difference and what is the study building on;

• Justify the need to conduct the research. Explain its

objectives and importance.

• The researcher should give strong justification for

selecting such research problem in his/her capacity as a
 13

researcher. Being a part of the organization or systems and the

desire and concern to improve the systems;

• Discuss the new knowledge your research shall

contribute to the field.

Review of Related Literature

• Present studies and references that describe what is

known, what has been done, and what else needs to be known
and done relevant to your research’s problem or issue, purpose,
and method. Theses should at most be five years since the
copyright/publication/retrieval date. The only exemption is for
classic studies and references that are essential to the research
(e.g. Memorandum Circular, DepEd Order., CHED Order,
Legislation etc.);

• The literature review reflects the principles

formulated by experts or authorities in some field or discipline;
and ideas or opinions of experts contained in books,
pamphlets, magazines and periodicals;

• Variables of the study, including its theory must be

visible in the discussion;

• It should be organized thematically to conform with

the specific problems;

• Confirmation and disconfirmation of claims from

different authorities/experts.
 14

• Arrange the studies and literature in a logical and

thematic order. When citing multiple references, cite in
chronological order from the most recent to the oldest.

• End of Review of Related Literature with one or

two paragraphs stating the insights you gained from the review.

• The comprehensiveness depicts the mastery of the

topic.
Theoretical Framework
The theoretical framework consists of theories, principles,
generalizations and research findings which are closely related to the
present study under investigation.

• It is the groundwork for the study, the framework

where the present research problem under study evolved.

• It explores the relationship between the independent

and dependent variables.

• All the independent and dependent variables should

be clearly discussed and explained how these would influence
the results of the study.
Conceptual Framework

• The conceptual framework is the schematic diagram

which shows the variables included in the study.

• Explain the key factors or variables to be studied

and their relationships with one another.

• Present said variables in a diagram or graphics to

clearly show the relationships.
Purpose Statement
 15

• Begin with a paragraph stating the main problem or objective of your research.

• After the paragraph, break down the main problem or

objective into specific sub-problems or sub-objectives;

• Sub-problem should be stated in such a way that it is not

answerable by either yes, no, when, and where.;

• Sub-problems should include all the independent and

moderate variables that are reflected in the conceptual
framework;

• Sub-problems should be arranged in logical order and

extensive in coverage and must be mutually exclusive in its
dimensions.

• The problem should state the data that can be obtained.

Scope and Delimitation

• Scope and limitation of the study are discussed.

• The parameters and boundaries are well defined.

• Information is presented in the discussion context rather than simply stated or

listed.
Significance of the Study

• Specify the potential beneficiaries of the research.

• State the importance of the research results to them.

• Discuss the potential contribution of the research to new knowledge.

Definition of Terms

• Enumerate in alphabetical order the important variables, scientific terms, and

technical words used in the study.
 16

• Provide the conceptual (or general) and operational definitions of the terms.
An operational definition describes the term as it is used in your research. This
should be given more emphasis.
Summary

Chapter 2
METHODOLOGY
 17

This chapter deals with the procedures and techniques used by the researcher in
completing the study. It includes research design, population, sampling, sources of data,
and data analysis.

Research Design

• The researcher may use one of a combination of the following research

methods, namely, descriptive, survey, historical, case study, experimental,
research and development cycle, phenomenological and other
qualitative/quantitative methods;

• Describe variables (A schematic diagram showing interrelationship of the

variables and treatment should be presented for experimental design)
Research Setting

Sample

Sampling Procedure

• Description of the population, setting/location of the study;

• Describe the sampling technique used (if multi-stage sampling was used, etc)
the sample size (show table of allocation). Include the power, effect size and
precision when applying inferential statistics
 18

• Respondents’/participants’ characteristics, demographic profile of sample;

• Describe how extraneous/confounding variables and participant attrition were

dealt with;

• Describe/show compliance of sample to statistical test assumptions (normality,

homogeneity, linearity, etc);

Source of Data (Quantitative)

Questionnaire/Test

• Validity of the questionnaire must be subject to a pre-determined re-

specification of its components as specified by the SPSS Data Reduction;

• Content validity must be established by experts in the field and a pilot

testing must be administered to a minimum of 30 participants. This will
confirm the language and terminologies if the instrument fits the desired
audience for appropriate administration;

• After the pilot testing, the test of reliability must be checked;

• If the administration of the instrument is ready for the desired number of

respondents. Test of Normality must be done by checking the SPSS; and,

• Describe if the instrument is adopted, modified (cite the source), or

constructed.

Interview/Focus Group Discussion (If applied)

Observation (If applied)
Documentary Analysis (If applied)
Apparatuses/Devises/Laboratory Equipment (If applied)
 19

• Techniques used in the administration of the test

questionnaire, (Instructions given to participants)
and how retrieval is planned to take place;

• Experimental manipulations and control features (if

applied)

• Errors or weaknesses and any consequent

limitations.

Data Collection Methods

Data Collection Procedures
Data Analysis

• The unit of analysis must be discussed (what and

how it will be measured);

• Description of the statistics tools, method, and

techniques used to measure the data and the
treatment if there is a related hypothesis;

• No need to list the common statistical formula

(percentage, frequency, rank, mean, weighted
mean).

• For qualitative research, discussion of how

triangulation and thematic analysis utilized in the
paper;

• Generation of model, theory, patterns, framework,

and concept (for qualitative research)
Trustworthiness
 20

Reflexivity

Ethical Consideration

Summary

Chapter 3
RESULTS
This chapter presents the result of the study to provide the “set of statistics” in
standard forms of tables, appropriate headings, and relation of text to tables (for
quantitative), and verbal transcription, theme, coding and observation (qualitative).

Operational Data Collection

Operational Data Analysis
Participants’ Demographic Profile
Bracketing
Horizontalization
Clustering into themes

The Standard Forms of Tables

• Table layout must be logical and easily grasped by the

reader. It can stand alone.
• Table entries that are to be compared should be next to
one another;
 21

• All tables are meant to show specific position variable and

condition label in close proximity.

Table 1
Distribution of the Respondents Profile According to Age
Age (Years) Frequency (%)
10 - 15 75 50

16 - 20 30 20

21 - 25 45 30

Total 150 100

• Table number must be on the side next to the title;
 22

• Title of the table must conform with the statement of the problem
being solved;

• Concise words to describe the basic content of the table must be

inferred from the title.

• The Table number and the Title must be written in bold letters.

Table Headings
Table
Distribution of the Respondents Profile According to Age
Age (Years) Frequency (%)

10 - 15 75 50

16 - 20 30 20

21 - 25 45 30

Total 150 100

• Headings establish organization of the data and identify

the columns of data beneath them;

• Write Headings in bold letter to add emphasis;

• Standard abbreviations for nontechnical terms and

statistics without any explanation are acceptable in the

subheadings of the table.

Relation of Tables and Text

• Text after the table shows information about the table

number and tells the reader what to look for.

 23

• Discuss only the highlights. Duplicating every item in text

is unnecessary.

• Refer to the table by their number.

Discussion, Presentation and Interpretation

Essence of the Study

Summary
 24

Chapter 4

DISCUSSION

Summary of Findings

Conclusions
• Give a reasoned and justifiable comment on the importance of
the findings.
• Statement must be self-contained and not overstated;
• Discuss the practical outcomes of the study;
• The implications of the study to the overarching issues
discussed in the findings.

Implications of the Findings

• Write the summary of the findings giving emphasis on the
truth and the facts that makes an impact to study, not a
duplication of the text in the table from the results;

Recommendations

• From the findings, state-real-life models to address the

specific findings
• Commend state-of-the-art solutions to advance
knowledge, and contribute to the sector/industry;
• State unresolved issues for further study; and,
• If there is any output required as a recommendation, it
must be attached in this section.

Reflection
 25

References

• Follow APA Format

26
 27

Appendix A

LETTERS

Appendix B

SURVEY INSTRUMENT

Appendix C

TEST AND STATISTICAL TOOLS

Appendix D

CURRICULUM VITAE
28
29