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LAW ENFORCEMENT OPERATIONS AND PLANNING WITH CRIME PLANNING

Course objectives
At the end of the course the student should be able to:

1. To make this topic broad and correlates to the important topics that a police officer needs in the field of police
operations.
2. To enlighten the students about the institutionalizing the police tactics and patrol procedure as a strategy in crime
prevention and repression in order to bring efficient and effective police service to the community.
3. To examine the concept, measurement, trends and nature of this subject, problems faced by the policemen in modern
society in crime prevention and control and its effect in the Law Enforcement Administration.
4. To help students acquire basic and essentials, necessary in understating the different types of police tactics and patrol
procedure its proper and appropriate applications in protecting life and property.
5. Know the different kinds of environment, social, economical and political influences that affects the performance of PNP
in the field of police patrol operations
Formulate solutions to the crimes experienced in the community based on the analysis made using concepts on offender
rehabilitation and based on the various theories of crime causation

Specific Objectives

At the end of the course, the students are expected to:

1. Discuss and differentiate the strength and weaknesses of different police strategies in winning the streets against
malefactors in crime prevention and control.

2. Develop awareness and understanding of the programs of the government to enhance their knowledge regarding the
functions, concepts importance of different types of patrol in crime prevention and control.

3. Familiarize themselves with the different types of patrol methods, tactics and techniques in relation to the accomplishment
of police roles.

4. Develop awareness and understanding of the programs of the government to enhance their knowledge regarding the
concept methods and types of Police Patrol Operations .

5. Appreciate the value and importance of this topic which involves the skills and talents of PNP leaders in conceptualizing
fertile ideas to improve the PNP services with the community in protecting their life and property, crime prevention and
control

Introduction

Patrol (Police Visibility) has been considered by police authorities throughout the world as the most important
component in any police organization not only because it is the largest but also because patrol is in directs contact with the
public and presents the omnipresence of the police in the community. To a great extent, the patrol force controls the desire
to commit a violation and discourages the opportunity of committing any violation of by their presence. Thus, he serves as
the eyes and ears of the police department by gathering information useful to the administration to the special branches of
police service and to the other city department, patrolman should be practical social worker and encourages persons to
come to them for assistance and advise when in trouble. Distress/suffering situation are frequently symptoms of deep
rooted social ills that, if not corrected, may result in criminal or other anti-social conduct and thus adversely affect the
remainder of the life of the individual. By giving advice, assistance, and sympathy to those in distress/sorrow patrolman help
prevent wasted life and also win friendship and corporation for the department.

The patrol force therefore, is considered the backbone or nucleus of the police service, it is apparent the police
patrol service is practically responsible for the performance of all primary police tasks, it provides a 24 hour watchful
vigilance of what is happening in any area anywhere the patrol force is assigned. All types of policed patrol services require
adequacy in manpower, equipage, funding and proper training, all of which must be addressed by those in authority if the
police is expected to do a good job.

About 80 percent to 85 percent of members of police force in any given area should be devoted in field patrol. In PNP
implemented is the deployment policy in August 1999, yet, police visibility is one thing in many communities nationwide. It is
necessary to support patrol administration by fielding supervisors to ensure that those assigned in beats, posts or field patrol
are on their twos round the clock not to leave their assignments.

Course Content

Role of Police Patrol

Basic functions in police patrol

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Importance of Police Patrol
Factors that determine patrol deployment

Patrol functions and activities

Strategy of high and low visibility patrol

Patrol and Observation

Patrol Theories and Patrol Methods

Nuances and Obstructions

Covering the Patrol Area

Strategies/ Activities
Teaching Strategy:

>Delivers and give lecture

>Present lessons logically
>Give sufficient examples

Discussion Strategy:
>Encourage the students for active classroom discussion
>solicit ideas, opinions and feedbacks from students

Note taking strategy:

>requires students to write important issues/events taken during the lecture

OBE and Learning Materials

The students will make research regarding the law enforcement administration its nature and concepts they will make
reports appertaining thereto

Active participation in classroom discussion. Doing research, outlining, one page report writing and oral presentation of
report via on line class

Assessment of Learning Outcomes

At the conclusion of the course the successful student will be able to:
1. Demonstrate competence and broad understanding with crime mapping and its effect in the operation of law enforcement
administration, public safety, and criminal justice.
2. Apply the Principles of and Jurisprudence of Criminal Law, evidence, and criminal procedure in relation to effectively
implement law enforcement operation and planning.
3. Collaborate effectively and independently in multi-disciplinary and multicultural teams related to police operation and
crime mapping.
4. Engage in lifelong learning and understanding of the need to keep abreast on the developments in the field Criminology
and Criminal Justice in relation to law enforcement operation and planning.

Means of Assessment/Methodology

Evaluation will be based on the course objectives and will be carried out in accordance with the school policy. This course
will include multiple methods of evaluation including at least one written component.

An example of a possible evaluation scheme would be:

Written Components(s): (e.g. Essay, Policy or Case Analysis, )
Tests: Midterm/Final or Multiple Tests throughout the term (which will include written components such as short
answers/definitions or short/long essays, critique, case analysis)
Individual or Group Presentation
Attendance & Participation Tasks

References
Samuel G. Chapman – Police Patrol Reading, Walking the Beat 2ndEdition
O.W. Wilson – Police Administration
Adams, Thomas F. Police Filed Operations, 4rth edition
Alma Jose, Isias . Notes on police patrol: A study of Crime Prevention Techniques in Philippine Setting
Compilations of Mr. Joseph R. Navarroza , Mr. Ruel B. Malte and Mr. Paulo P. Canales
Compilations of P/Chief Supt. Nestor B. Belga (Ret.)
Police Patrol Plans and Operations with Police/Public Communication System – Mario A. Garcia - 2007
PNP Journal
Police Operations, Theory and Practice – Karen M. Hess and Henry M. Wrobleski , 3rd edition 2006
PNP LOI 63/2010 – Police Patrol Integrated System (PIPS)
PNP LOI 71/08 – Anti – Street crime Plan
PNP LOI 32/2004 re PNP SOP No. 2006-01 – Anti-Bank Robbery/Security Inspection

www.taperry.com/patrol.htm
njlawman.com/police%20tactics.htm
www.ginny6books.com/?page=shop/flypage&product_id=37607&
Www.scribd.com/../d/59820812-police-patrol-procedures
https://www.hau.edu.ph/intra/courseoutline/pdf/ccjef-crim/CLEAOPN.pdf

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Information Sheet 1.1
BASIC FUNCTIONS IN POLICE PATROL
Course content
Role of Police Patrol
Importance of Police Patrol
Factors that determine patrol deployment
Patrol functions and activities

Role of Police Patrol

a. Prevention of crime and repression of criminal activities
b. Preservation of peace and order
c. Protection of life and property
d. Enforcement of laws and ordinances and regulation of non-criminal conduct
e. Investigation of crimes
f. Apprehension of criminals
g. Safeguarding of citizen’
citizen’s rights and public morals

BASIC FUNCTIONS IN POLICE PATROL

1. Preventive Enforcement – this will prevent crime to noticeable presence of uniform Policemen and police vehicles.
2. Selective Enforcement – although highly mobile it cannot cover all areas, hence, patrol to selectively concentrate
where trouble is like to occur. To apply selective enforcement, statistical research has to be relied upon.
3. Traffic Enforcement – This refers to proper implementation of traffic laws, rules and regulations along highways, roads,
and streets, to control mobility of vehicles and pedestrians.
4. Responding to emergency calls- that patrol force being the backbone and front line in the police service is usually the
first at scene, such as emergencies of fire, accidents, drowning attempted suicides, and riots, etc. This requires special
training at first aid, leadership, and riot control etc.
5. Routine calls for services – responding to complaint either through the phone, in persons or in writing or any other
means.
6. Courtesy services – the reason for this, is the facts that the police agency is a police agency; examples: assisting a
blind person cross the streets; or providing police escort to VIPs.
7. General information – assisting a tourist in locating a friend.
8. Preservation of evidence - protecting crime scene before formal investigation is done.
9. Making reports – gathering and reporting information regarding criminal activities, missing persons, recovered articles,
etc.
10. Stop and Frisk – To further imprint in the minds of criminals the feeling of fear of arrest is the application of the strategy
of stop and frisk both by the foot patrol and the mobile crew. When patrol officers are observed stopping persons on the
street whose behavior is suspicious, detaining them briefly by questioning and frisking them for concealed weapons,
the action of the police heighten the effect of high-visibility patrol
The stop and frisk, and street interrogation procedure is a common patrol practice, particularly in high crime areas-
persons whose behavior is suspicious are accosted/approached on the street, interrogated and frisked. The method of
frisking is to pat/touch down the outer clothing of the suspect for any concealed weapon or contraband. Frisk is not search
because the officer does not insert his hand inside the pockets of the suspect. Instead, it is the suspect who produces from
the, pocket, as requested by the officer, the object or article in question.

Importance of Police Patrol

Patrol is the essence of police operations. The patrol group is the single largest unit in the police organization.
Actions taken by the patrol officer have the most direct impact on the citizen’
citizen’s
satisfactions and on the accomplishment of police goals and objectives.
Patrol operation is the most visible form of activity that enhances the welfare and security of the community.
Individual patrol officers represent the police department in its contact with the community.
Individual patrol officers play a major role in determining the quality of justice in a given community. Errors made by
patrolmen have significant negative effect in the public’
public’s perception and on the other components of the CJS.
The patrol officer is the most important human element of the police organization since all police field operations are
supported by the patrol act

The patrol unit has to perform the ff. activities to realize the enumerated functions:
a. Routine Patrol and Observation
b. Benevolent and community services f. Animal control, traffic direction and control
c. Control of public rallies g. Business and property security
d. Attending to criminal and civil complaints h. Collection and preservation of evidence
Conduct preliminary investigation i. Arrest of offenders
j. Preparation of reports and testifying in court

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RESOURCE ALLOCATION
Traditionally, police resources have been allocated equally over a twenty-four-hour period of three eight-hour shifts.
Example:
 8 A.M. – 4 P.M. day shift – falls in between the other two; it is usually busy, the calls are often minor and none
dangerous in nature.
 4 P.M. – Midnight evening or “swing” – tends to have the heaviest workload with respect to calls for police service.
 8 A.M – Midnight graveyard shift – usually has a heavy workload for the first several hours normally until 2:00 A.M.
to 3:00 A.M. and then is reduced to almost zero activity.

Police Personnel Distribution

Manning Level of Patrol Force

Thumb” – common practice – a way of proceeding based on experience or sound judgment; generally
“Rule of Thumb”
reliable method – any practical, though not entirely accurate, method that can be relied on for an acceptable result
Standard manning level is 1:500; extreme conditions 1:1000

FACTORS THAT DETERMINE PATROL DEPLOYMENT

1. Resident and transient populations, particularly in the business sector, the university and tourist belt areas. Some areas
my double its population in the daytime because of the transients while some maybe e virtually empty during working
hours on weekdays.
2. Number and types of crimes and arrest
3. Locations of crimes and arrest
4. Traffic collision/accident statistics and patters
5. Locations of “frequent incidents” of hazards requiring concentrated police coverage such sports arenas, stadiums,
popular night spots, bars, theaters, transportation terminals, or other places where people usually gather.
6. Disproportionate concentrations of populations such as
widely separated singly family versus the heavily concentrated dwellings in the depressed
areas.
7. Socio-economic factors people from the high income group tend to stay away from more often that the low income
groups which has preference or without any choice but to stay at home.
8. Zoning plan of the city (relative locations of business, industrial, residential other types of zoning. By their nature certain
types of business and industries call for higher volumes of police service.

PATROL FUNCTIONS AND ACTIVITIES

It is a recognized fact that police department sometimes gain reputation of efficiency and effectiveness upon their
vigilance in dealing with criminal offenses and the establishment of a high state of visibility in the community. It is no secret
that criminals often plan their illegal ventures in areas where are known to be lax/negligent and inefficient/unproductive, and
that and that they purposely avoid communities in which the police establish reputation of being extremity vigilant and
aggressive in deterring/preventing crime. Moreover, citizen feelings of safety and security are enhanced by a high level of
police visibility. This is the essence of the patrol is prevention, crime prevention in its broadest is again defined as: “THE
REDUCTION OR ELIMINATION OF THE DESIRE AND/OR OPPORTUNITY OF AN INDIVIDUAL TO COMMIT CRIME.”

Generally, the work of the patrol force covers practically all Police functions. Actually, considering those functions on a
traditional-based values, the patrol force have always been expected to handle a variety of situations, of them unrelated to
the commonly duties in crime prevention. The police term these as “non-essential police functions”. In other words, the
patrol force is more often made responsible to perform tasks not directly related with primary functions, such as:

 Request intervention in situations between husband and wife

 Between landlord and tenant
 Between businessman and customers
 Conflict/disagreement among neighbors
 Quieting of loud disco parties
 Disperse unlawful assembly
 Underground water pipe leaking
 Open manhole
 Clogged/blocked drainage
 Uncollected garbage
 Flooded streets

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 Street excavation/digging
 Street light outage, etc. which constitute hazards to safety and health

BASIC PROCEDURES (PNP MANUAL)

Rule 12. PATROL PROCEDURES

SECTION 1. Duties and Responsibilities of Patrol Officers

a. Attend the Roll Call Formation before his Tour of Duty for briefing and likewise attend the after Tour of Duty formation for
debriefing;
b. Patrol the assigned beats, observe and check suspicious people, structures/buildings, compounds and vehicles;
c. Respond to calls, entertain complaints, initiate the investigation and protection of the scene and minimize the after effects
of accidents, fires and other catastrophes;
d. Observe and monitor public gatherings, prevent disorders and disperse unlawful assemblies;
e. Prevent crimes and arrest sighted law violators, assuring the public that peace is preserved;
f. Inspect and/or conduct surveillance in various places of business establishments and other installation and remove
hazards to public safety;
g. Assist personnel of responsible agencies/unit in facilitating the flow of traffic at busy intersections/roads within his Area
of Responsibility (AOR), assist and provide pedestrian information such as directions and street locations;
h. Conduct home visitations when circumstances warrants, ugnayans/dialogues with the residents in their beat;
i. Report occurrences and conditions which relate to crime, public peace, order and safety;
j. Enforce city/municipal ordinances on liquor establishments and night clubs, cabarets and all houses of ill-reputes; and
k. Check suspicious vehicles (private, public, or commercial/ delivery vehicles) along the highways in the course of their
patrol.
l. Patrol Officers shall wear the prescribed patrol uniform.
m. Patrol Officers must have the equipment necessary in the performance of their duty.

SECTION 2. Duties of Patrol Supervisors

a. In any operation, careful planning is a must in order to avoid waste of time, effort and resources. Make a patrol plan with
the following details:
1) Area Coverage: safe haven, ambush areas and crime prone areas
2) Organizational Detail of Personnel
3) Duration
4) Stand-by points
5) Route plan
b. Designate and select the members of the patrol team/s.
c. Inspect the members of the patrol on the completeness of the uniforms, availability of personnel, and operational
readiness of personnel and equipment.
d. Conduct briefing, prior to dispatch, on the priority of activities to be undertaken during the patrol as the situation demands;
remind the patrol on the strict observance of the PNP Operational Procedures.
e. Render hourly report of location and situation through radio/ telephone to Police Community Precinct (PCP)/Station
Headquarters Tactical Operation Center (TOC).
f. Render after-patrol report duly signed by detailed personnel. PCP Commanders shall collate and submit significant details
to the Station Patrol Supervisor, who in turn, will submit the same to the Provincial/District Patrol Supervisor.
g. Strictly observe “Buddy System” during the patrol operations.
h. Conduct debriefing after the patrol to assess its conduct and make necessary corrective measures on defects noted.

SECTION 3. Patrol Guidelines

a. Observe precautionary measures and personal safety while on patrol.

b. Practice defensive driving and follow traffic rules and regulations.
c. Select routes which provide best visibility.
d. Be observant of people, places, situations or conditions and develop a suspicious attitude especially if the subject
appears to be slightly out of the ordinary.
e. Use tact and persuasiveness when conducting spot inquiry or questioning individuals for information.
f. When requiring a suspicious person or any individual for identification, avoid taking the wallet or bag in which the
cards/documents are placed. Let the individual remove and hand them to you.
g. Be familiar, as much as possible, with known criminals/ex convicts residing in or frequenting the patrol beat.
h. Be on the alert for loiters.
i. Keep under close observation actions of juveniles, trouble makers/agitators and the mentally ill/retarded persons.
j. Observe the practice of “shaking doors” of unguarded business establishments during night patrol. Check for signs of
intrusion.
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k. When checking suspicious persons, places, buildings/ establishments and vehicles especially during nighttime,
be prepared to use your service firearm. Flashlight should be held tightly away from the body to avoid making you a
possible target.
l. Be familiar with stay-in employees of business establishments in your beat.
m. Establish good rapport with the people in your beat.
n. Keep watch of uninhabited homes.
o. Patrol members should avoid loitering in theaters, restaurants and other recreational places.
p. Develop contacts by getting to know as many people as possible who can give factual information about crime condition
in the patrol beat.
q. Patrol members must be always on the look-out for indications of vices and other illegal activities in their beat.
r. Patrol members must be knowledgeable of all conditions, events and details of places in their beat

Information Sheet 1.2

STRATEGY OF HIGH AND LOW VISIBILITY PATROL

Course contents

The principle of Police presence

Patrol and Observation
Patrol Theories and Patrol Methods

The general tendency in crime prevention strategy is high police visibility to ensure citizen feeling of security for the law
abiding but the reaction of fear for the would-be violators. However, in other instances low visibility patrol programs have
been designed to increase police activities of arrest of criminals who have already committed or are in the act of committing
selected types of crimes. As a police strategy, it is clear that high and low visibility patrol have different objectives. However,
both represents means of making the police patrol effort more productive.

1. High Visibility Patrol – The theory underlying the high-visibility patrol concept is that certain types of crimes can be
reduced. By increasing the aura/atmosphere of police-omni presence in the community. This effectively accomplished
by the waling beats or foot patrolman in congested downtown business areas where pick pocketing, slashing,
snatching, hold-ups auto-theft, car napping, and other street crimes are predominantly committed. Another strategy of
high visibility patrol is the saturation concept wherein selected high-risk crime of robbery in residential areas of the city is
saturated by intensive patrol of clearly marked police cars equipped with 2 way radios

The Principles of Importance of Omnipresence – Police Presence

As deterrence, a twenty four (24) hour actual physical police presence is guarding a community is the best patrol
strategy of whatever type of patrol. This was the challenge raised by the media when three (3) business establishments
were robbed one after the other in just less than twenty four (24) hours leaving seven dead.

As a patrol strategy, impression of the omnipresence is created by frequent and conspicuous/eye-catching patrol at
every hour and in all sections of the community. In this way, patrol will be effective in its goal of preventing crime and
arresting criminals. Patrols must be constantly alert at all times, establishing high visibility before the eyes of the public. This
in turn will psychologically result in the following:

1. A feeling of security on the part of law-abiding citizens

2. A feeling of fear on the part of the would-be violator
3. A feeling of confidence that the police are constantly on patrol and are available to respond to any situation at a
moment’s notice
4. A feeling that all is well within the community.

2. Low Visibility Patrol – is a strategy wherein members of the force are plain clothes patrol areas on foot or in unmarked
automobiles where street crimes become crimes. Under the low-visibility set-up the ,primary purpose of patrol is no
longer crime prevention but crime repression/suppression, wherein the objective is:

a. The increase apprehension of criminals in selected street crimes.

b. The deterrence of criminal activity as a result of a greater probability of
apprehension,

PATROL AND OBSERVATION - Constant and alert patrolling with a keen sense of observation on persona and things is a
gauge of efficient patrol officer. Because only people crime and they invariably/always do so with the medium of attention
on these two factors (persons and things) which if left unobserved and unattended will constitute hazards.
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Conceptually, a hazard is any person, thing situation or condition which, if allowed to exist may induce and accident or
cause the commission of crime. Since it involves law enforcement to prevent its occurrence or its presence, it partake the
nature of police hazard. Hence by definition police hazard is any:

 Person
 Situation
 Condition
 Thing
Possessing a high potential for criminal attack or for the generation of any other types of problem creating a demand for
police service. They fall under the following categories:
PERSONS THINGS
 Criminals Prohibited Drugs
 Addicts Marijuana
 Alcoholics Firearms
 Dope Pushers Bladed weapons
 Prostitutes Blunt instruments
 Pimps Open manholes
 Juvenile delinquents Deep excavations
 Vagrants Clog drainage
 Beggars Unlighted streets
 Scavengers Unlocked doors and/or windows
 Sidewalk vendors Uninhabited buildings
 Squatters Disco joints
 Pickpockets Sauna bath houses
 Slashers Beer joints
 Snatchers Prostitution dens
 Holduppers Massage clinic
 Carnappers Student activism
 Fences Political rallies
 Cattle rustlers Strikes
 Dognappers Mob/crowd
 Agitators/Protesters Riot/disturbance
 Fanatic/extremist /militant Demonstrations
 Subversives /rebellious

Patrol Theories and Patrol Methods

Fundamental theories of Patrol

Theory of Police Omnipotence – high police visibility discourages criminals; applies the principle of overt
operation or high police visibility
Low Profile Theory – the objective is to attract as little attention as possible while on the process of
patrolling; covert operation is integrated.
PATROL – P-oliceman
A-ssigned
T-o
R-estore
O-rder in the
L-ocality
Patrol Methods – various means of getting from one place to another within a specified patrol jurisdiction
1. Beat Patrol
2. Foot Patrol
3. Bicycle Patrol
4. Sector Patrol (Motorized Patrol)
5. Automobile Patrol
6. Motorcycle Patrol
7. Aircraft Patrol
8. Specialized Patrol Methods
9. Horse (mounted) Patrol
10. Marine (water) Patrol
11. Canine (K-9) Assisted Patrol

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12. Special Terrain Patrol

Foot Patrol – is restricted to small areas and is used to deal with special problems of prevention and repressions that
cannot be adequately handled by the officers in radio cars foot patrol is usually used for traffic, surveillance, parades, and
special events. Moving foot patrol is used where there is considerable foot traffic, as in business and shopping centers, bars,
taverns, high crime areas, special hazard areas and in places where there are many multiple family dwelling. It is the oldest
method of patrolling.
Foot Patrol used to secure 2 types of police Geographical units:
a. Post – a fixed position or location where an officer is assigned for guard duty
b. Beat - the smallest area specifically assigned for patrol purposes

Types of Foot Patrol:

1. Fixed foot Patrol
2. Mobile foot Patrol
3 .Line Beat Patrol
4 .Random Foot Patrol
Factors considered in determining the size of beat
1. Area to be patrolled
2. Man-made and natural barriers
3. Number of men to patrol the area
4. Type of patrol to be used

Factors considered in determining the number of men to be deployed

1. Size or area to be patrolled
2. Topography/scenery
3. Crime rate
4. Possible problems to be encountered on the beat

Basic technique and procedures of Foot Patrol

a. Don’
Don’t establish a set of pattern of patrolling procedure
b. Walk systematically on the beat while on patrol.
c. Do not smoke nor drink while on patrol during night or day shift.
d. Walk near the curb during daylight and close to the building at night. The reason offered
for this is that the objective of day patrol is to contact and to be seen by as many people
as possible and the objective of night time foot patrol is to be seen by as few people as
possible and to catch criminals in the act before they are aware of police presence.
e. Walk near buildings during night patrol. Do not immediately open the door when
intending to get inside. Observe and evaluate first the situation.
Check the interiors of buildings and rattle doorknobs to ensure that premises are secure.
f. Enter and inspect alleys when not seen by public
g. Watch for persons loitering or hiding in doorways
h. Use fire escapes to inspect building rooftops once in a while.
Be attentive or on alert for the sound of breaking glass or any unusual noise that
may be caused by criminal activity.
i. Policemen should develop the friendly attitude while on foot patrol; because they must perform community relations
task for the development in addition to their usual patrol duties.
j. Maintaining free flow of pedestrian traffic is just as important as keeping vehicular traffic moving.
k. The policeman on beat should walk his beat from one place to another so that it will appear to the observer that he
is patrolling and not loitering.
l. When patrolling at night time, policeman should always approach each building with
caution, always assuming the possibility that a felon/criminal maybe lurking/loitering
inside.
m. Know the personalities in the patrol area particularly the wanted persons, known felons/criminals drug users, and
the business establishment which usually fall prey/victim to armed robbery or burglary.
n. When walking their beat, policeman should not develop a routine but should see to it that their area is given
sufficient coverage during their tour of duty.
o. Patrolmen shall become thoroughly familiarized with the area including bus routes, location of streets, highways,
hospitals bus depots, important industrial plants factories, hotels, offices, they shall require knowledge to enable
them to render intelligent and helpful assistance when needed.

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p. A patrolman shall thoroughly familiarize himself with beat, leaving the location of call boxes, streets, alleys and
courts. He shall familiarize himself with the public, business office and theater building and their entrances, exits,
skylights fire escapes, escapes over the tops of building and from the basement.
q. A patrolman shall familiarize himself with the people on his beat, learning as far as possible their names, characters,
habits and occupations,. He shall familiarize himself with every form of activity on his beat in order that he may be
able to recognize any unusual or suspicious activity, he shall instigate/initiate at once any such activity
r. He shall constantly endeavor to build up sources of information. He shall contact merchants and other
businessmen on his beat and endeavor/attempt to gain the friendship of persons who, because of their occupations,
associates, are most likely to have information of value to the police.
s. A policeman shall all times maintain an alert and businesslike and military bearing. He shall not loiter or
lounge/relax about in places of business, upon the street, or in parked cars, lean against objects. He shall not
conceal himself except for some specific purpose.
t. Foot patrolman shall not patrol in policed cars, private automobiles, or other conveyances, except when authorized
by his superior.
u. Insofar as possible, a patrolman shall not patrol his beat according to any fixed route or schedule but shall alternate
frequently and back-track in order to be in the location least expected.
v. Training and orientation of the both police and the citizens in crime fighting.

LEAVING HIS BEAT OR ROUTE

1. A patrolman shall not, while on duty, loiter in or about headquarters. He shall not leave his beat at the expiration of his
tour of duty before the hour set by his chief of police.
2. He shall not leave his beat, during his tour of duty, except with the permission of his superior officer or upon urgent
police business requiring him immediate attention, nor shall he enter any building except when necessity requires or in
the performance of his duty. He shall not however, refuse to give assistance in the protection of persons and property
near his beat if called upon in any case requiring immediate attention. When leaving his beat without the permission of
his superior officer he shall enter in his memorandum as soon as circumstances permit, the time of leaving and the
reason for leaving and the reason for doing so and the time of his return at first opportunity he shall report to his superior
officer the fact that he left his beat and the reason for doing so.

3. He shall report to the dispatcher before going out of service to eat and shall abide the decision as to whether he school
be permitted to eat at the time requested.

SECURITY MEASURES

1. Patrolman shall advise merchants regarding suitable crime prevention measures, such as placing safe/protection so as
to be visible from the street, leaving highlights burning near safes; barring rear doors, installing alleys lights when
desirable, installing alarm system where large sums of money or valuable stocks of merchandise are kept.
2. A foot patrol patrolman shall furnish his chief of police, when required, a list of stores, warehouses, industries, and other
business on his beat and the names, address, and telephone numbers of the owners, managers, or other persons
designated by the owner who are to bed called in the event of any emergency with the business or the building which it
occupies.

SUSPICIOUS PERSONS
1. A patrolman shall observe all persons whom he encounter upon his beat and shall investigate any person whose
appearance, conduct, or presence seems suspicious.
2. He shall not hesitate/pause to investigate known criminals seen on his beat.
3. He shall give particular attention to peddlers and solicitors to determine that they are properly licensed and are not using
that occupation as a cloak/ cover for some illegal purpose.
4. He shall be on alert for persons who answer the descriptions of persons and wanted criminals.
5. He shall be cautious about allowing strangers to divert his attention by engaging him in prolonged and unnecessary
conversation.
6. He shall give particular attention to motor vehicles, being constantly on the alert for the vehicles that have been stolen or
used in the commission of the crime or that are improperly operated or illegally parked.

Checking Suspicious Persons

3. Attitude
a. Identification
c. Presence in unusual or inappropriate location
b. Suspicious person can be identified by their: d. They are often seen loitering about stores,
1. Appearance
warehouses, banks, service
2. Conduct
Station for no ready apparent reason

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VICE CONTROL
1. It shall be the responsibility of the patrolman to take every lawful means to prevent the commission of a crime and to
suppress all forms of commercialized vice on his beat during his tour of duty.
2. He shall give particular attention to junk dealers, pool halls, danced halls, taverns, nightclubs, and other places where
gamblers, prostitutes, drunks, narcotics addicts, vagrants and other criminals may congregate/assemble.
3. He shall be on the alert for prostitutes, homosexuals, exhibitionist, and other sex offenders.

PROTECTION OF CHILDREN
1. Patrolman shall as far as possible, patrol in the vicinity of parks and school buildings for the purpose of investigating
suspicious persons.
2. A patrolman shall be friendly toward all children and be ever watchful of their, physical and moral welfare.
3. He shall use every legal means to prevent the formation of gangs on his beat.
4. He shall report evidence of delinquent homes, parents of juveniles to the juvenile division.
5. He shall take into custody runaway children and persons who are lost, senile, mentally
deficient or suffering from amnesia and deliver them to headquarters.
PUBLIC WELFARE
1. A patrolman shall give his attention to any destitute/poor persons who come to his notice. Their cases shall be
referred to suitable office.

INFORMATION SHEET 1.3

TRAFFIC CONTROL
Course contents
Nuisances and Obstructions
Police incidents
Walking the beat
Automobile Patrol

General techniques and Procedures

1. At locations where large crowds are assembled, patrolmen shall preserve order and prevent the commission of
crimes, the blocking of traffic and the destruction or damaging of the property.
2. The patrolman shall give particular attention to streets of heavy traffic flow, signalized intersections, and signs. The
responsibility of the patrolman in the enforcement of traffic ordinances and regulations is as great as in the
enforcement of other ordinances.

NUISANCES AND OBSTRUCTIONS

1. A patrolman shall take notice of all nuisances, impediments/obstructions, defects, or other conditions in or adjacent
to the str4eetws, alleys, and public places which to endanger the health, the safety or convenience of the public.
2. He shall immediately undertake the removal of the undesirable conditions in the manner prescribed by the
ordinance.
3. When removal of the undesirable condition is the responsibility of another municipal agency or another agency is
required to enforce the ordinances pertaining thereto, the patrolman shall cause immediate notice to be given
through his chief of police to the agency whose responsibility it may be.
4. All dead animals found upon public property shall be reported to the dispatcher.

SIGNALS AND STREET LIGHT OUTAGES; FIRE

1. A patrolman shall report to the dispatcher the location of the traffic signal lights, which are out of order and street
lights that are not burling at a time when they should be.
2. A patrolman shall immediately report to the fire department any fire, which he observes and shall respond to all fire,
calls upon his beat.

POLICE INCIDENTS
1. A patrolman shall take into custody property that has been lost, stolen or abandoned.
2. A patrolman shall carefully investigate all complaints in his beat which are assigned to him or which are brought to
his attention by citizens.
3. Upon sight or receipt of information from source of an unusual or serious accident, crime, or other occurrence
requiring police attention, he should immediately respond and give such assistance or take such police action as the
circumstances may require.
4. At scenes of major crimes where it has been established that the perpetrator is not present, members not assigned
shall not enter the premises or do any other thing that might interfere with the investigation or destroy the evidence.
5. The first duty of an patrol officer at the scene of a homicide is to guard the scene,
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exclude all unauthorized persons, and detain all witnesses for interrogation.
6. A patrolman shall treat a suicide as a murder until the coroner has made an initial investigation and rendered a
decision of suicide

Walking the Beat; The Traditional Patrol Pattern

In spite of the variety of other useful patrol methods introduced by progressive police department abroad some of which
are applicable to suit out local condition, still traditional walking beat is being pursued in Philippine policing because of:
 Financial constraint/limitation
 Lack of interest on the part of police executives, administrators, and commanders to initiate
programs to improve crime prevention techniques
 The thinking of the contemporary police officials is more concerned on the glamorous /attractive
crime fighting rather than crime preventing.

Patrol strategy, to further assure high and constant visibility, is through the following patterns (Two man on foot patrol
commonly known as the “buddy-buddy system” walk the beats nos. 1,2,3,4 etc.)

1. The Clockwise pattern – The police manual and the list of the patrol beats were the police bible. It must be memorized
if one has to stay in the police service. Each beat has its corresponding number, which comprises four beats. Those four
beats were bounded by the following streets:
 Isaac Pearl ( now United Nations) on the north
 Taft Avenue on the east
 Vito Cruz on ,the south
 Dewey Boulevard (now Roxas Boulevard) on the west

A beat patrolman, irrespective of the size and number of beats is assigned to call boxes for reporting every hour on the
hour. To perform the clockwise pattern of patrol, the beat patrolman have to walk eastward along U.N. avenue, turn right on
Taft avenue, making sure that he always stay on its west ward because the center or middle portion of any street is always
considered as imaginary boundary line between two adjoin beats. If the boundary line is crossed without any justifiable
cause, the beat officer can be charge for abandoning (not trespassing) his beat.

2. The Zig-Zag or Free Wheeling Pattern – The objective of the clockwise patrol pattern at start of the 8 – hour tour of duty
is for the patrol office to survey the situation and condition of the boundaries of this area of responsibility. For the next forth
coming hour his technique will be the zigzag of freewheeling patrol pattern. This done by the patrolling the street within the
perimeter of the beats, not on random, but with a definite target-location where he knows his presence is necessary.

3. The Straightway / Criss-Cross Pattern - The straightway patter is patrolling the length of the street, therefore, the
easiest to observe the movement of the patrol officer. Whereas, the criss-cross is more or less to the zigzag. What is
important is that the movement technique of a patrol must have a purpose and objective. It is not aimless nor at random.
The observation of the patrol officer must keenly be aimed at persons and things, the sources of hazards. It is the hazard
which must immediately be remedied and removed within the beat through appropriate police action.

4. The Counter-Clockwise Pattern - This technique is simply the reverse of clockwise patter. It is done at the last hour of
the 8-hour of duty in order to ensure that nothing unusual happened in his area of responsibility. The last telephone report
will be “Pat Juan dela Cara reporting, relieved by Pat. Juan dela Cruz. Nothing unusual happened during my tour of duty”.
The relieving patrol officer will make his first hourly call before starting his patrol duty. An ongoing patrolman must not leave
his beat without properly relieved.

Advantages of Foot Patrol

a. Greater personal contact with the public leading to increased community support for
the police.
b. Greater opportunity to develop sources of information.
c..High police visibility.
d. Places not accessible by motor vehicles are reached and patrolled.
e. Easier detection of criminal activities.
f. Easy discovery and familiarization on the layout of the beat.

Disadvantages of Foot Patrol

a. Low mobility resulting to limited coverage of the patrol area.
b. Low response time to telephone complaints.
Foot patrol method involves a large number of personnel, since officers are assigned on small areas of
jurisdiction called posts and beats.

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Automobile Patrol

Features of State-of-the-Art Patrol Cars

Reflecting pressure-sensitive film covering
Vehicle-mounted TV
MDT (mobile data terminal)
HELP (high-intensity emergency lighting plan)

General techniques and Procedures

a. Thoroughly check the patrol car before leaving the garage.
b. Do not establish route patterns in patrolling the area of jurisdiction.
c. Do not develop the habit of using only the main roads in your area.
d .Do not spend too much time in drive-inns or coffee spots.
e. Always take note (jot down) the plate numbers of strange or suspicious vehicles.
f. Get out from the patrol car regularly or frequently to be visible and accessible to the
public.
g. Set an example to other motorists.
g.1. Avoid driving too fast on general patrol conditions except during emergencies or in pursuing some
criminals/suspects.
g.2 When conducting solo patrol, maintain frequent contact with the dispatcher or other communication personnel in
the field or at the HQ.
h. If you are patrolling with partner, divide the observation area around your vehicle.
i Minimize hiding behind hills, curves or signboards to trap traffic violators.
j. Frequently check the potential trouble spots in your patrol area.
j.1. Stop periodically among parked cars at the entrance of side streets to observe activity on the street.
k. Check the occupants of vehicles that stop beside and behind you at intersections.
k. Regularly check parking lots for abandoned stolen vehicles.
l. In stopping and checking a vehicle, park at the rear side of the suspect vehicle.
l.1. Do not leave the key in the patrol car especially if the place is in a high-crime or congested area.

Advantages of Automobile Patrol

1. High mobility allowing coverage of greater area.
Quicker response time to complaints.
2. Greater efficiency in responding to emergency calls and other called-for services
3. More economical as compared to foot patrol.
4. Enable more effective street pursuit of offenders.
5. Enable more effective traffic enforcement.
6. Provide an element of surprise, especially when crime is in progress.
7. Provide the officers with necessary protection during inclement weather.
8. Enable officers to carry supplementary equipment essential in patrolling.
Disadvantages of Automobile Patrol
1. Diminished personal contact with the public.
2. Little opportunity to develop sources of information.
3. Marked police vehicle hampers apprehension and surveillance operations.

Advantages of One Man Automobile Patrol

1. Preventive enforcement is doubled by having twice as many police cars on the street.
An officer who is alone devotes his full attention to driving and beat observation rather that conversing with
his partner.
2. Personality clashes are reduced and/or avoided.
3. Promotes self-reliance and self-confidence.
Advantages of Two Man Automobile Patrol
1. Provides officers with greater safety by doubling the firepower and physical protection
1.a. Mistake made by one officer may be noticed and immediately corrected by his partner
1.b. Each officer could get rest and thus perform more effectively since each does not have to drive for full 8
hour of duty.
2. Beneficial since two pairs of eyes are better than one.
3. One could operate the radio while the other one drives.
Sleeping on duty could be avoided especially for the one who is driving since he has
a companion who keeps him awake.
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Bicycle Patrol
Advantages of Bicycle Patrol
1. Lower-cost to operate as compared to motorcycle and automobiles
1.a. Area not accessible by patrol cars or are too wide for foot patrol can be covered by bicycle.
1.b. Increased mobility and stealth since bicycle can be operated quietly and without attracting too much
attention.
2. Found to be highly effective in combating theft and etc…
etc…
Effectively used by plainclothesmen for surveillance in high crime area wherein officers wearing nondescript
clothes cold blend w/ the apparels worn by the criminals.

Motorcycle Patrol
Disadvantages
1. Relatively high cost to operate
2. Limited use in bad weather
3. Inability to carry additional equipment or officers
4. The danger involved in riding them

Aircraft Patrol
Advantages of Fixed-Wing Aircraft Patrol
1. Patrolling long stretches of highway or expenses of inaccessible land.
2. Excellent for traffic control in long stretches of highways, for search and surveillance, and other special missions.
Disadvantages of Fixed-Wing Aircraft Patrol
1. Fixed-wing aircraft has very little flexibility in congested metropolitan areas.
2. Needs a span of flat land for lift-off and landing.
3. Very expensive to operate.
Advantages of Helicopter Patrol
1. Able to travel at low speeds, to hover if necessary, and to land even in small patch of flat land.
2. Increased visual range/scope.
3 .More efficient for rescue, medical evacuation, surveillance, and other high profile police activities.
4 .Improved response time to emergency calls and other called-for service.
5 . Increased rate of apprehension of professional and organized crime groups.
6. Improved efficiency of regular patrol units through airborne reconnaissance. Increased ability in conducting
searches for missing or lost people suspected offenders and escaping prisoners.
7. Provide a better system of flood lighting areas to be patrolled at night.
8. Capable of broadcasting information to a large area through airborne speakers.
9. Provide rapid emergency transportation of personnel.
10. Added security to patrol officers on foot, motorcycles or in patrol cars through backup offered by aerial patrol.

Disadvantages of Helicopter Patrol

1. Very expensive
2. Public complaints about the noise and about being spied upon.
3. Forcibly grounded during bad weather.
4. Smog and light or intermittent clouds affect visibility.
5. Presence of various hazards especially in congested areas, such as high wires and smog.
6. There are landing patterns or procedures that must be followed, which delays landing time.
7. Pilots must work shorter periods of time than regular police shifts since driver of helicopters easily suffer work
fatigues.
8. There are many tactical problems to overcome such as location of police units on ground and the exact location of
addresses.
9. Element of surprise is lost since criminals could hear the helicopter comingeven from a great distance.

Water Patrol
Objective – use the water vehicles in anti-smuggling operations as well as against
robberies committed in warehouses along riverbanks or water ports.
Water patrol is responsible for:
for:
a. Search and rescue/recovery for drowning victims
d. Routine patrol
c. Buoying and marking
d. Removal of navigation hazards
e. Water safety inspections
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f. Water accident investigations
g. Deterring boating law violations
h. Checking fishing licenses and catch limits
PWC (Personal Watercraft)
Main advantages of using PWC rather than ordinary patrol boats are:
Marine patrol officers can approach areas not accessible to conventional patrol boats because of shallow,
low bridges or other impediments.
One or two officers are enough to operate while increasing maneuverability and speed.

CANINE (K-9) Assisted Patrol

Uses of Dogs or K-9s in Police Operations
a. Provide great assistance in search and rescue as well as in smelling out drugs and bombs.
b. Provide protection for 1-officer patrol.
c. Great value in crowd control
d. Extensively used in international airports to detect narcotics and bombs because of their keen sense of
smell.
e. Specially trained dogs are extremely effective in finding bodies.
f. Locating trapped people during emergencies.
g. Can be an asset to public relations efforts.
h. Well-trained police dogs can be used for demonstrations in public affairs, schools, or parades.
Disadvantages of using K-9s
a. Most police dogs work with only one handler.
b. K-9, like most dogs, is territorial, and its handler and its K-9 cruiser are
part of its territory.
c. Dog training is expensive.
d. Police department that initiates a K9 section is vulnerable to lawsuits.
Wolves-
Wolves- Wireless Operational Link and Video Exploration System

– The system of attaching a miniature camera and transmitter to a search dog

Bloodhounds tracking dogs; a large powerful dog with drooping ears, sagging jowls, and keen sense of smell, formerly
used for tracking.

Patrol: Working the Street

Preparation for Duty
Equipment check
a. Police uniform
b. Watch, Money, Weapons
c. Flashlight, spare battery and bulbs
d. Notebook
e. Forms of reports, traffic violations, etc.
f. Current list of stolen and wanted vehicles
g. Portable radio and other equipment as required
h. Information Check

Secure and review descriptions of missing and wanted persons.

a. Arrange any follow-up work from previous shifts
b. Check with the officer being relieved for any problems requiring your attention during the shift.
c. Check patrol area log for problem areas requiring extra surveillance.
d. Vehicle Check
e. Check the inside of your patrol car.

A prisoner may have hidden a weapon or evidence in the vehicle during the previous shift. shift.
a. During your own tour of duty, a prisoner might try the same maneuver. If you haven’
haven’t checked the
vehicle, any evidence you recover might be ruled inadmissible in court; you would be unable to
swear that the vehicle was empty before the suspect entered it.
b. Record the condition of your vehicle’
vehicle’s interior in your notebook for
possible later use as evidence.
c. Check your vehicle’
vehicle’s siren, roof light, radio and other equipment to
ensure that they are in proper working order.

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Information Sheet 1.4

Covering the Patrol Area
Course contents
Sources of Information
Familiarization with the Patrol Area
Observation Skills
Patrol Management

Attitude
a. Always present an alert, businesslike, and disciplined appearance while on patrol.
b. Do not loiter on the street, in business places, or in parked cars.
c. Be flexible in patrolling your area.
Communications
a. Radio
b. Telephone
c. .Cellular Phone or mobile phone
Sources of Information
a. Develop contact in your patrol area by adopting a friendly, approachable
attitude.
b. Useful sources of information…
information…
c. Conduct yourself in a dignified manner, but never appear uninterested
when people come to you with their problems.
d. Vary your approach to potential sources of information, according to the
circumstances.
e. Use names, preferably first names, unless you feel the person would like
to be addressed more formally.
f. Maintain a reference file on all persons you contact.
g. Your sources will judge you on your honesty and sensitivity in handling
the information which they reveal.
h. Paid informants can be valuable sources, but use caution.
i. Your contact can save your life.
j. Members of the “criminal element,”
element,” who are not currently wanted, can
sometimes be useful informants.
k. Daily newspapers and other publications which carry sales, advertisements for:
Used cars, heavy machinery, etc. can help you keep on top of what is happening in your patrol area.

Street knowledge – thorough geographic knowledge of the patrol area, or an

understanding of the character, fears, concerns, problems and attitudes of the
local residents.

Familiarization with the Patrol Area

a. Know where you are at all times
b. Study a local map to develop a broad understanding of the layout of your
patrol area.
c. Regularly examine crime reports
d. Develop personal contact
e. Seek information from fellow officers on:
1. Organizations or group w/c meet regularly in your area.
2. Industrial or commercial premises
3. Background information on potential informants, troublemakers,
and suspected criminals living or working in the patrol area
4. Closing times of banks, stores and entertainment facilities
Potential Trouble Spots
a. Public parks and playgrounds
b. Bars and taverns
c. Bowling alleys
d. Drive-in theaters and drive-in restaurants
f. Pool halls
g. Roller rinks
h. Boxcars parked on railway sidings
Emergency Routes

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a. Get to know the night managers, desk clerks, and other staff of hotels and
motels in your area.
b. Check the license numbers of vehicles in garages and parking lots for
stolen and wanted vehicles

Developing your Powers of Observation

Use of the 5 senses
a. Sight
b. Hearing
c. Smell
d. Touch
e. Taste

Observation Skills
a. Description of persons
b. Description of objects
Discuss with other officers what events or characteristics arouse their suspicions about specific situation or
persons.
c .Review your own arrest reports for the same purpose.
Study photographs, set them aside, then write out lists of the person or objects they contained.
d. Interview persons in custody.
Study a book on memory improvement to learn techniques which will assist
you in recalling detailed observations.

Checking Business Premises

Preparations
a. If your department doesn’
doesn’t have a “store file”
file” or “merchant index”
index”, create one for your personal use.
b. Learn the interior layouts of all stores in your area likely burglary targets so that you will know if
something is out of place.
c. Pay close attention
d. Get to know the janitors and maintenance staff working on business premises in your area.
Precautions
a. Approach the building quietly in your vehicle, ensuring that you do not
squeal tires when turning corners or coming to a stop.
b. When you leave the police vehicle to check premises, never travel more
than two blocks on foot.
c. Take advantage of the darkness, by walking close to the building and
remaining in shadow.
d. Don’
Don’t allow your keys, flashlight, whistles or other equipment to dangle
loosely.
e. Watch for unfamiliar vehicles.
f. Take short, light steps.
g. Check the rear doors and windows first.
h. Minimize the use of your flashlight.
i. Check vacant buildings for missing children, vagrants, fugitive, etc.
Checking a Building
a. Don’
Don’t check all the doors in any business district at one time.
b. Always look for the unusual and out-of-place.
c. When checking doors, check the hinges carefully before grasping the
handle.
d. When checking window, attempt to push them open and examine around
the edges for tool marks.
e. Check skylights if they are easily accessible.
f. Check sidewalk elevators and gratings for signs of tampering removal or
damage.
g. If the night or alley lights are not illuminated and appear to have been
broken or tampered with, call for assistance immediately before checking
further.
h. If safe lights are not lit or appear to have been move, use craft or be
cautious.
i. Inspect all possible points of entry, including roofs and any location where

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tunnels might have been dug.
j. Be alert for the absence of animals such as alley cats or dogs which you
normally expect to find in the area.
Checking Unsecured Premises
a. Call for assistance
b. Conduct a thorough examination of the premises.
c. Lock the door upon leaving.
d. If your department has an official “notice of unsecured premises”
premises” card,
leave it inside in a visible place.
e. Do not hang it on the outside door handle or do not place it in a location
where it can be seen from outside.
f. If you cannot lock the door, contact the owner.
g. Note the date and time of your inspection in notebook and fill out any
departmental form which may be required.
h. If the store has been burglarized, notify your dispatcher and the owner
immediately
i. Avoid entering a room with a light source to your rear.
Checking Suspicious Situations
Warning Signs
a. Vehicles parked improperly or with the motor running outside banks,
store or other business premises.
b. Stacked boxes or ladders placed against the side or rear of buildings
c. Store or business interiors in which large pieces of furniture or displays
have been moved.
d. Banks or stores where people are seen entering, but not leaving.
e. Parked vehicles in which persons are apparently sleeping.
f. Any other activity or situation which does not reflect normal behavior or
routine activity.

Criminal subterfuge/deception – trick employed to conceal criminal act

a. Criminals may try to lull you into thinking nothing is happening while a
crime is in progress.
b .To counteract tactics
c. Possible intentional distractions…
distractions…
d In these situations, approach slowly and deliberately, keeping all the
parties involved in view as long as possible.
e. Never rush blindly into the situation.
f. Glance around the surrounding area for signs of suspicious activity.
Gut/burn up feelings
a. Do not ignore your so-called “gut feelings”
feelings” (burn-up)
b. Hunches are often important messages or warnings which are based
upon information or experiences recorded in your subconscious mind.
c. Although they may not seem logical, your hunch will often prove to be
correct.
Check on Public Hazards
Courses of Action
a. Contact the owner of the property and the appropriate government
agencies.
b. If the owner is reluctant to make improvements because they are not
required by:
Law or municipal regulations, point out the severe consequences he
would face in a successful civil action for damages.
c. Warn youngsters who live or play in the vicinity, and their parents, of the
danger that the hazard presents.
d. If necessary, request approval from your superior to secure the area from
public access until action has been taken to eliminate the hazard.
Patrol Management

Reactive Patrol – the old system of police patrol activity which consists of continuously driving around the area of
patrol waiting for something to happen and to react accordingly in case something does happen.
Proactive Patrol – the more economical alternative patrol system, which has an objective approach against
criminality as much as practicable.

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Participative Law Enforcement – system where the citizenry and the police work together to reduce crime, prevent
juvenile delinquency and criminal behavior, maintain peace and reduce local problems which are the mutual
responsibility of the police and the people.

Prevention – the objective aimed towards ways and means to reduce the desire of the human being to commit crime.
Repression – the act of preventing the actual commission of crimes.
Police Omnipresence – a crime repression activity of the police which is accomplished by making their presence
known in such a way that even if they are linger present un a certain location, would be criminals would still have the
impression that they are still around and would therefore refrain from committing an offense
COPS (Community Oriented Policing System) System)
Deploying of policemen in police blocks to provide police and public safety services; the breaking down of large
and impersonal police departments into small units to create as series of mini-police precincts, which are
responsive to the smaller communities.
Objectives
a. To enhance police visibility in order to reach out to the community to serve
the resident a policing out.
b. To improve police community relation to gain public acceptance, build
mutual respect and trust and promote cooperation.
c. To attain sustained and integrated police-community participation, in crime
prevention and suppression.
Police Block – the NCOB (New Cops on the Block) Center of Command ad Control of its activities and the police
base from which the citizen may seek assistance whether in person by radio or telephone.

House Visitation – the function of NCOBs where police officers on patrol visit every house and work place to offer
crime prevention advice and to organize the neighborhood crime watch groups.

Street Questioning method – the method whereby policemen on patrol may interview within the bounds of law
suspicious personalities at random in order to serve as a deterrent to those intended to commit a crime

Police social Service of the PNP

a. Midwife duties for childbirth
b. Render first aid to accident victims
c. Get relief assistance to disaster victims
d. Mediate in family quarrels
e. Delivery of death messages

Team Policing – a grassroots approach undertaken to bring the people and the police together in a cooperative
situation.

Police Uniform – to separate policemen from everyone who are not in the same line of work to avoid confusion
and to assure others of his authority and his presence.

Four Kinds of Inspections on Patrol

a . Building inspection
b. Crime prevention follow-up
c. House inspection
d. Miscellaneous inspection
Patrol Hazard – a specific condition or place that requires a patrol officer’
officer’s special attention

Police Surveillance – the process of keeping under observation a person; use to detect some forms of criminal
behaviors
Steps to be Taken during a Disaster Response
a. Assess/evaluate
b. Communicate
c. Administer
d. Establish/set up
e. Contain/control
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f. Maintain
g. Evacuate
h. Provide/supply/offer
i. Establish
j. Provide access/entrance
k. Record

Keys to effective law enforcement at Labor strikes

Exercise strict neutrally and maximum tolerance.
Initiate friendly dialogue between contending parties.
Seek cooperation from both sides.
Types of Calls response by the Police Patrol
Routine Call
Urgent Call
Emergency Call

Integrated Patrol System of the PNP

Basic PNP Functions
Crime Prevention
Crime Solution
Traffic Management
General Objective of Patrol Activity
To prevent the commission of crime by destroying the opportunity of potential offenders thru constant and alert patrolling.
3 Elements Present at the same time and place
a. Instrumentality
b. Motive
c. Opportunity
Police Visibility
a. Physical Presence
b. Patrolling Scheme
c. Response
Components of IPS
Fixed Components
Station Desk (SD)
PCP
Patrol Components
a. Police Beats (PBs)
b. Mobile Patrol (MP)
c. Detective Beat (DB) or Detective Beat System (DBS)
d. Operational Guidelines for the Conduct of Patrol
e Pre-patrol (Pre-development phase)
f. Deployment Phase
g. Post-Patrol (Post-deployment Phase)

Auxiliary Components
National in scope
Civilian in characterz
characterz

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