LESSON 18.

MOFIFYING & CREATING DIMENSIONS

Topics covered in this Lesson:

Dimensions | Dimension Styles in AutoCAD | Dimscale | Layout Dimensions

Concept:
A drawing needs to contain certain information. Most drawings will show you what the
object is (as clearly as possible) but won't tell you everything unless you dimension it.
Would you agree to buy a house just by looking at the floor plan if it wasn't
dimensioned? Would manufacturers know how to build your product if you didn't
dimension it? You can see how important it is that a drawing used to convey information
must have clear, accurate dimensions.

In previous lessons, you have done some dimensioning (first was Lesson 1-8). To
continue with this lesson, you should at least have a good concept of basic
dimensioning.

There are many ways to dimension a drawing, each drafting discipline has it own set of
"rules". For example, a drawing of a gear would use a different style of dimensioning
than that of a subdivision. My background is in mechanical drafting, so I use that
discipline as an example of how to work with setting your dimensions to work with your
drawing.

This tutorial will show you some of the steps involved to create and use a custom
dimension style.

Below is an example of how a drawing can be dimensioned:

As you can see, on a simple drawing like this one, only 8 dimensions are needed to
convey all the information about the size and shape of the object. With a little more
information you can have everything you need to build it. This is the default style you
get with the AutoCAD template.

Below shows the same drawing, but with added tolerances and note about what the
object is made out of.

The changes in the dimensions above were done easily using the DDIM command. This
command opens a dialog box for changing the parameters of your dimensions. In this
example, the text style was also changed.

The great thing about AutoCAD is that it is very versatile. In the case of dimensions, you
can modify any component that is part of it. Below are the names of various parts of a
dimension:
Also, you can modify the dimension text dramatically, here are some examples:

The Dimension Style Manager

So now that you have seen what you can do - how do you do it? All options are
available in the DDIM (Dimension Style Manager) dialog box.
On the left side of the dialog box is current style for working with (highlighted in blue).

In this lesson, you will create a new Dimension Style and use it in a drawing. From
there, you should try different styles and get familiar with the options. Most companies
these days will have a standard style (or set of styles) to use on drawings, but this is a
very important tool to know if you want to turn out professional looking drawings.

Start but invoking the DDIM command and press the NEW button to open the small
dialog for entering the name of the style you are creating. In this example I used the
name "DIMSTYLE 1".
Make sure that "Start with" has "Standard" as its setting. Press the Continue Button
when everything is set. This will open the dialog box and you can start making
modifications to your style.

Go to the second tab "Symbols and Arrows" and change the Arrowheads as shown
below.
As a general rule, I recommend not to change much on this tab - especially when you're
still learning. Set as defaults, the dimensions are sized proportionately, if you change
the setting on one parameter, your dimension can look 'off-balance'. For example, you
could end up with huge arrows and small text. For the purposes of this lesson, the only
thing that will change on this tab is the arrowheads.

Go to the third tab "Text".

Start up the Text Styles dialog box by pressing the button with the ... next to the text
name. Create a new textstyle using RomanS and a width of 0.8 and call it "DIMTEXT".
(For more info, see Lesson 1-8.) Close the Text Styles dialog box. Select DIMTEXT as
your text for dimensions as shown.
Apply (and close) the new Text Style to the new Dimension Style.

The great thing about this dialog box is that it shows you a preview of what your
changes will do the final dimension in the top right window. In the bottom right, select
ISO as the Text Alignment option. Try some other changes to see their effects in the
preview, then end with the settings as shown below:
So far you haven't changed much, but you've seen the options available in just 2 tabs.
Click on the next tab "Fit" to continue.

As a rule, I leave this tab alone. AutoCAD does a good job of placing and fitting
dimension where I want them. If I don't agree, I usually just use grips to edit the
placement.

Click on the next tab "Primary Units" to continue.

In the Primary Units, you find some of the more common parameters that need to be
changed. Precision is very important. First off, you usually don't need to show 4
decimal places. If you do show 4 decimals places and send your drawing off to the
machinist, you are asking him to manufacture the part to within 1/10000 of a unit - which
can be a very expensive mistake. 3 Decimal places is usually enough - or less for
rougher jobs. Of course this depends on your units. If you are dimensioning in
millimeters, then you could get away with full units. If your units are decimal miles, or
kilometers, then you might need more zeros after the decimal.

Also, I have added a couple of other changes; adding trailing zeros and a suffix
denoting the units. Note how angular dimensions have a separate section - make sure
you don't neglect them.
Make the changes you see above and check the preview after each change.

The next tab "Alternate Units" is used if you want to display two different units in your
dimension. For example, you can draw your drawing in imperial inches, then dimension
with inches as your primary units and add the alternate units behind as millimeters.

This is easy to do as AutoCAD assumes this is what you want as the default. The most
important thing here is to make sure that your "Multiplier for alt units" is correct. In this
case there are 25.4mm to the inch, so that is the multiplier used. Make the checkbox at
the top is checked and add a suffix to indicate what the alternate unites represent.
Check your preview and press OK.
The final tab is for tolerances. If you are not familiar with tolerances, it simply means
that there can be a minimum and maximum value used to manufacture a part. For
example, you might need a hole drilled that is 0.5" - but your part will still work if the hole
is between 0.45" and 0.55". This is indicated by a tolerance dimension of ±.05 (plus or
minus .05"). Sometimes the tolerance will only in the plus limits as the hole has to meet
a minimum requirement.

In this example, you will set the tolerances to be ±.05 units and display them at 80% of
the scale of the primary units. Sound easy? It is. Look at the image below to see how
this is done.
With all of your new settings, here is what your dimensions will look like:

Once again - preview shows you how it will turn out. Click OK to close the dialog box. At
the original Dimension Style Manger, press the name of your new style, then click the
"Make Current" button. Close the dialog box to go back to your workspace.

Draw the wedge shape at the top of the less and dimension it using your new
Dimension Style. It should look something like this:
Note that there is a change to the Alternate Units. In the example shown above, the Alt
Units are placed below the Primary Units. Go back and edit your dimstyle to make this
change.

Using the DIMSCALE setting

If you have dimensions on your drawing that are either too large, or too small, use the
DIMSCALE setting to scale them to better fit. If your DIMSCALE is currently set to "1",
you can make the dimensions larger by entering larger numbers. For example, enter 12
will make your dims 12 times large than they were at "1". This does not enlarge the
value of the dimension, just the size of the dimension. To make your dimensions
smaller, you can also enter fractions or decimal numbers like .5.

These numbers are all based from the standard sizes set in your DDIM dialog box. For
example, if you enter "12" to make them larger, entering 1/2 later will not make them
scale to "6". After changing the DIMSCALE, all new dimensions will use this scale.

Using DIMSCALE is important to make sure that people can easily read your drawings.
Set your DIMSCALE before adding all of your dimensions.

After changing the scale, you will not see a change. You will need to update the
dimensions. Follow these steps:

Pre-2016 2016 & Newer

Command: DIMSCALE Command: DIMSCALE
Enter new value for DIMSCALE <1.0000>: Enter new value for DIMSCALE <1.0000>:
12 <ENTER> 12 <ENTER>

Command: DIM Command: -DIMSTYLE

Dim: UPDATE Current dimension style: DIMSTYLE 1
Select objects: ALL Annotative: No
 2 found Current dimension overrides:
Select objects: <ENTER> DIMSCALE 12.0000
Press <ESC> twice to exit the Dim prompt. Enter a dimension style option
[ANnotative/Save/Restore/
STatus/Variables/Apply/?] <Restore>: A
<ENTER>
Select objects: all
1 found
Select objects: <ENTER>

Dimensioning Tips
Now you have the basic understanding of how dimensions work, you can experiment
and work with other styles.
Here are some common rules about dimensioning:

1. Keep them on a separate layer.

2. Dimension towards the end of your project or you could be moving them as you add
more objects.
3. Use your Osnaps and confirm what you are snapping to.
4. Assign them a unique colour in the drawing, and use that colour in all of your drawings
to make it easier to identify dimensions (especially when zoomed in close)
5. After you create your first dimension, AutoCAD creates a new layer called
"DEFPOINTS". This is used only for the small points you see at the end of an extension
line. This layer will not print - so be sure not to draw on it.
6. Keep even spacing between you dimensions and between your dimension and your
object lines. Use DDE while placing dims.
7. Try not over lap lines (either object or dimension).
8. Use enough dimensions to make sure that all measurements are there - one dimension
left out can hold up a project.
9. Try to keep dimensions outside of the objects you are dimensioning.
10. For clarity, don't over-dimension.
11. If you need to override one dimension (perhaps a unique suffix), you can change it in
the properties
(select > right click > properties)
Dimensioning in Layouts
If you are familiar with Layouts (or Paper Space) as shown in Lesson 2-4, you can
continue with this lesson which will explain dimensioning in Layouts.

Using the same wedge shape from above, delete your dimensions and then scale the
wedge up by 24X.
Go into your Layout and use a standard scale for your viewport. Start with a DIMSCALE
of 1.
Start dimensioning your lines. AutoCAD now does a great job of dimensioning in
Layouts. It will recognize the scale of the viewport and find the correct size of the object
you are dimensioning.
I recommend doing all of your dimensioning in you Layouts. There are a few reasons for
this:

It leaves your model space free of dimensions

For 3D objects, this system is MUCH easier.
You only need one size of dimensions for full view and details.
You can add your title block, notes and dimensions in one area.

I hope that this lesson has given you the ability to create professional, accurate
dimensions. Like everything else in AutoCAD, practice make perfect.

For more practice, create a simple floor plan and create a dimension style using
Architectural units and 'ticks' instead of arrows. Here's a very simple Architectural
drawing using this style. Add Alternate units later and then update the dimensions using
the -DIMSTYLE command. After you have dimensioned this small drawing, erase your
dimensions from model space and add dimensions in a layout.
Video: Creating a Custom Dimension Style