Polynomials In the previous classes, we have studied about the polynomial, eroes of polynomial and fctorition of polynomial Inthischpter, we wil uly the geomerial messingshine CLEEEED zeroes of polynomial, relationship between zerocs and coefficients of polynomial, formation of quadratic and cubic polynomial agoes o = Pobocmin Felationship between Zeroes TOPIC 1 a Comte Gaara Polynomials and Their Related Terms > Polynomials A polynomial in one variable x, is an algebraic expression of the form PO) =a," +a, 42" 44,9 + ajx + ayx+ay where mis a non-negative integer and a, ay,43,...d, are constants (real numbers) The constants ¢9, dy,.435-u4, are also known as coefficients of polynomial, Degree of a Polynomial The highest power of xin a polynomial p(x is called the degree ofthe polynomial px) ©, (i) ple)=5x+ 1/3 isa polynomial in variable x of degece 1 (since, che highest power of xis 1). (ig (y)=3y? - 3 _y+7isa polynomial in variable yof degre 2 (since, the highest power of y is 2)WIG +4? +3 at +q-8 ‘Arrange the terms of given | ial in. [Sactgemsenonena Sol..4a, Jo the pobromial 74° + 34! + dq? 4-8, she bighen Parrett rable i 6. Hence, the degree ofthe 9 I the polynomials? — 3, chehighes power ofthe variables 183. Hence, che degre of the polyno s 3, Note Expressions lke polynomials Types of Polynomials 1. Linear Polynomial A polynomial of degree one, is called linear polynomial. descending powers 88 degree. ee rea 1 Pepa tieate not Generally, any linear polynomial in variable x with real coefficients is ofthe form f(x) = ax-+ 6, where a, are teal numbers and « #0, 2. Quadratic Polynomial A polynomial of degree two, is called quadratic polynomial. ee “Ea fed=5u?+30-2 in fla)=70? 55 (ii) f)=— x7 + Bx (in) f(y) = V5 y? by (0) finde?) : (9 fley=4a?+ Generally, any quadratic polynomial in variable x with ral coefficients is of the form f(x) = ax? + bx-+c, where a, bc are real numbers and a #0, 3. Cubic Polynomial A polynomial of degree cree, is called ‘cubic polynomial. 8 () f(x) =8x? (i) fx) Gi) f(@)= 132 ~ 122? + 11245 Gio) fe) = VB =x? +? ) f(x) =2- 2? - 5x? Generally, any cubic polynomial in variable x with real coefficients is of the form f(x) = ax’ + bx? + 0x-+ d, where 42.b.c,d are real numbers and a #0. +5? 4. Biquadratic ot Quartic Polynomial A polynomial of degree four, is called biquadratic polynomial eg. (i fle) =x! +20? - 7x7 +543 (ip f(a a4 72743 oe Generally, any biquadratic polynomial in variable x wid real codidens is of the form f(x) = ax" + bx” + ex’ “de-+ 6, where’ a,b, 2d, ¢ are feal umbers and a #0. Example 2. Identity the type of the polynomials aiven below (onthe bass of degre). W3e H4x+0 ay -4y7 +2y ii 6y +5 (3 +22 4424 pe aa Lay? —$ ye? (u) 3 ~ Vox? + 2x ~ ax Sol. () Here, the highesc power ofxin the given polynomial is 2, s0 ieisa quadetic polynomial (Gi) Here, he highest power of inthe given polynomials 3, 30 itisa cubic polynomial Het the highest power of yin he given polyoma i So icisa linear polynomial. ere, the highest power of inthe given polynomial is 4 s0 itisa biguadratic polynomial. (0) Here, he highest power of yin the given polynomial is 2,30 itisa quadratic polynomial Here, the highest power of xin the given polynomial is 3, s0 itisa cubic polynomial, Value of a Polynomial at a Given Point fp (is a polynomial in xand isa real number, then the value obtained by putting x=or in p (x), is called che value of p(atx=a. «in i) wo ©8 If p(s)=5x* —4x-+2, then its value at x 7.2)=5(2)?—4Q)+2=5(4)-8+2=20-842=14 ‘Thus, the value of p (x) at Zero of a Polynomial ‘A teal number kis said to bea ze of ist4, polynomial p(x), if (4)=0. eg, In the given polynomial p (x) = 5+, fe 7 ‘-7 ut x=—7/5, then p] —] = 5 x {2 = z ok ( 3 ) ( 3) yee ie atx = 5 Pe) =0, =? therefore = isa ero ofa polynomial p (x) = +7. Note Every quadratic polynomial can have aumost two 2eroes However, there exist some quadratic polynomials when do not have any real zer0.eg a" + 3 + |Example 3. 1 p(x) = ax + b, then find the zero of p(x) Sol. Given, pls)= ae +b For zero of f(x), put p(x) =0 =x +6=0 = x=bla So, the zero of p(x)is~ bY a Example 4. 1/2 is a.zer0 of polynomial P(x) =4x? +2x ~5a, then find the value of a kis a 2er0 ofa polynomil p(x) then it wil sty the | polynomial, p(x). pik) =0 Simpity it to get the value ofa Sol. Given’ polynomials p 3) = 4x2 + 2-5 Since 2s zero of polynomial p(2)=0=94 (2)? +2(2)~5a=0 [putting = 2) ~ 1+4-Se=0 = 5a=20 20 4 5 Example 5. Find the value of ‘a if x +ais a factor (zero) of the polynomial 2x? +2ax +5x +10. CBSE2016 Sol. Let p(x)= 2x? + 2ax+5x+10 Since, «+ as factor of p(x). Therefore, 4 = ? + 2al—a)+5(—a) +1 2a? ~5a+10= 32a! =35a=10=9 4=2 Example 6. 1/ zeroes of the polynomial x? +(a + 1)X + bare 2 and ~3, then find the value of (a+b). NCERT Exemplar Sol. Given, 2 and ~3 are the zeroes of x? + (a + Dx +6. ~ On putting x = 2, we get (2P +(a4 246202944 20424b=0 = 2atb=-6 “ Again, on putting = ~3, we gee (37 +a -3)+b=0 = 9-3-3 4b=0 = ~3atb=-6 a) (On subtracting Eq. (i) from Eq, (), we get 5a=0>4=0 (On putting « = 0in Eq (i), we get =30)+b=-6=30+b=-6 = b=-6 a+b=0-6=-6 Hence, the value of(a +b)is ~6. Now, Geometrical Meaning of the Zeroes of a Polynomial We know that, a real number kis a zero of the polynomial p(x), iff p(k) =0. To understand zeroes of a polynomial geometrically, first we will see the geometrical tepresentation of linear and quadratic polynomials and then the geometrical meaning of their zeroes. Geometrical Meaning of the Zero of a Linear Polynomial Consider a linear polynomial ax + 4, «#0. We know chat, the graph of y= ax+é is a straight line, which intersects é the X-axis at exactly one point, namely o} Also, we know thatthe zero of ax+b is — 2 a ‘Thus, the zero of ax + b is the x-coordinate of the point, where the graph of y= ax-+b intersects X-axis Example 7, Represent the linear polynomial 2x +3 ‘on the graph paper and find the zero. Sol. Let y= 2443. ‘To draw is graph, we need two or more than gwo valves of {corresponding othe diferent values of x For this consider the flowing table Now, plot he pons A(— 2, ~1), B(0,3)and CQ, 7) onthe wel per oth ae sae a ohm oot te s22ph of the given polynomial Thus we gt the paph of y= 24 ich ou staigh ne and iments inte mili f= Lands =2 a he pin (0) 2 Since, the rero of the linear polynomial ax+6 is the coordinate of the point, where the graph of y= ax +6 intersects the X-axis, ai yoen The rero of 2 +3i8-3, aGeometrical Meaning of the 2 Quadratic Polynomial oes ofa For any quadratic polynomial ax? + be +. polynomial ex? + bee, a #0, the graph Ales corresponding equation y = ax? + bx +c has coe of {wo shapes (which are known as parabola) either open Upwards like/ \or open downwards like \/ depending oo they 4>0 or 450, jist 4>0, then shape of ¢ is Tike UV and if @ shape St Bete like V “and if a0, then shape of "Now, as per the observation about the shape of the graph of = ax" + bx +, the following three cases arise: Tf che graph intersects the X-axis at two points A and 4’, then the x-coordinate of A and A’ ae the wo zeroes of the quadratic polynomial ax? + bec, yr aco yr a>0 Ifthe graph intersects or touches X-axis at exactly ‘one point, then the two points And A’ (of Case |) coincide. Here, only one intersecting point A is ‘obtained and x-coordinate of A is the only zero for the quadratic polynomial ax? + bx + y a>o iy aco " If the graph is either completely above X-axis or completely below X-axis, ie. it does not intersect Xaxis at any point. Then, the quadratic polynomial ax* + bx-+ cas no 2er0. Y Y a x aa . ly a0 ae “Thus, geometrically we sce that a quadratic polynomial can have either two distinct zeroes or two equal zeroes (ie. one zero) of no zero, From this, we can say that a polynomial of jee 2 has atmost two zeroes. iene the zeroes of a polynomial p(x) are precisely the x-coordinates of the points, where the graph of y= p(x) intersects the X-axis. mmial can have almost | zero anda quadratic polyno wate A ee fa canaveamost 227008 is nol the graph Example 8. Which of the following of a quadratic polynomial? U e o ia © in sels) Sol, (a) We know that, for any quadatc polynomial ax? + b+, see the graph of the corresponding equation Jee? tbe+e has one of the two shapes either open J 1 \dependingon tipwatds like \//or open downwards like /\ depending. ihether «50° or « £0. So, option (2) cannot be posible Theo, the curve ofa quadratic polynomial croses the X-axis “mest evo points, but in option (d) the curve crosses the “Foss ae hte poins 50 it does not represent the quadratic palooaril Example 9. Represent the quadratic polynomial x? ~4x-5on the graph paper and find the zeroes. Sol. Let y=? — 4-5. ‘To draw its graph, we need the values of y corresponding to diferent values of x, For this consider, the following table: x]-2[-1] o[ 12 yl[7[o|-s)-al-s Now, plot all these points on the graph paper and join them. ‘Thus, we get the graph of x?~4x—5, which is a parabola ‘open upwards and it intersects the X-axis at two points whose coordinates are~1and 5 20a | yas2—as—5 &1.018\ 8.0) oH x 4 bs) jc! Mi apet9 he F (3, ~ 8) it Ee ‘ Hence~ and 5 ae zeroes ofthe given quadratic polynomial. loExample 10. Represent the cubic polynomial x? ~4x. (on the graph paper and find the zeroes. Sol. Let y= 2) ~ 4x. ‘To draw its graph, we need some valucs of y corresponding to some diffrent values of x cilia For this consider the following rable: x 1 Find the degree ofthe following polynomials: W 7y%40y4—2 wy Ltr ey at” + 26°60? z ()-x+1 (i)-10x2 + 10% 2 Identify the type ofthe polynomials given below: fi)=3-P + 7p (i) piy= sv 2v 47 (iii) 327 +742 (vy (i) gl) = ae +1 (iv r(x=axea +3 ~a0 on 3 For what value of k, 3 is a zer0 of the polynomial at txtk? 4-1f2is a zero of polynomial f(x) = ax" ~3{a~1)x-1, then find the value of a. 5 If2and 3 are zeroes of polynomial 3x7 ~2kx + 2m, then find the values of k and in. 6 What is the geometrical meaning ofthe zeroes of a polynomial? 7 Draw the graph of the following linear polynomials and also find the zeroes ofthe given polynomials. (i) -x05 ©) paj=V5z+2V2 (vi) tt) x45, Now, plot these points on graph paper and join ther. Thus, we get the graph of y= x? — dx, Ie intersects the X-axis at three points whose x-coordinates are ~ 2, 0 and 2 Hence, the zeroes of the cubic polynomial x ~ 4x are ~2, 0 and 2. Example 11. In the given figure, the graph of a polynomial p (x)is shown. Find the number of zeroes of Pix y " CBSE 2010 Sol. Here, the graph of p(>)inrersects X-axis at one point only. £. Number of zeroes of p()=1 ite’ (ui ox=3 tw) Zxe7 (w) -19x (vi) 12x12, 8 The graph of y = p(x}is given, for some polynomials p(x}. Find the number of zeroes of 14x) in each case : : 6 f ® A 7 , acen =p 9, Reprosont the following quadratic polynomials on the graph and also find the zeroes of these polynomial (= +x40 (i) -0x+9 Gy ra (ivjae—2 (v) 6x ~7x42 (vl) 2 45x47Hints & Answers 1. © 5G) 3 Gin 2G) 6) 14) 2. G@) Quadratic polynomia} ji) Biquadsatie polynomial (Gi) Cubic polynomial (iv) Linear polynomial (y) Linear polynomial (i) Quadratie polynomial 3, Hint 297434 <0 Ans. k= -21 4 Hint /@ = 0 = a(@-3@2-2-1=0 Annan 3 5. Hint /(2) = oand /(3) = 0-2k—m=6 and 6k— 2m = 27 and solve both equations. TOPIC 2 ys of Aynomial /(x) are the # Gemei he eaPho = e comics os 1 Gvyz WO wt The geaph of y = p(x) does not intersect the fat any point, So, it has no zero. i) 5 (a) 4G) 3 4, Dosame as Example 9, Ans (2 2 2.20) -L (i) 2.206090, V8 (0) 5, 500 “LS 2,3) 3,3 Relationship between Zeroes and Coefficient of a Polynomial, Formation of Quadratic and Cubic Polynomials Relationship between Zeroes and Coefficients of a Polynomial The zeroes of a polynomial arc related to its coefficients. Now, we will find out the relationship between zeroes and coefficients oF a polynomial For a Linear Polynomial We know that, if kis a 2er0 of polynomial p(x) = ax +b, 4 #0, then p(k) = ak+6=0, ie ka-bla ‘Thus, zero of the linear polynomial ax + bis Constant term Coefficient of x For a Quadratic Polynomial In general, let c and B be the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial p(x) = ax? + bx + c,a #0, then by factor theorem (¢—a) and (x ~p) both ae che factors of p(x) Therefore, ax? + bx +e=h (xa) (xB) =k[x? -(a+)x+ 08) where, k is some constant. > ax? + bet e= ke? —k(atBx+ kop 2, x and constant term ka+p) On comparing the coefficients of from both sides, we get «=k, and c=kap Roe eeeGoO Ib tecaiie ba a i.e. | sum of zeroes, +B = Cocheionnbe Coefficient of and fobs = ap=£ Constant term i.e. | product of zeroes, ne 5 oe Coefficient of Messe nee For a Cubic Polynomial In general, let , and y be the zeroes of the cubic polynomial ax’ + bx? +ox+d,a#0, then wofx? 6 efficient ofx? a Coetlicient of x _ ¢ b+ By + yu = —osient of € Coefficient ofx? a ‘onstane term, and Constant term Coefficient of x* apy=Useful Algebraic Identities o « i, (oy @tD)= (a4 Oya? + OF ad) o (a+ b+ Peale? ++ 21004 bet ac) WO (a+? =a b+ Satiar bora? + b+ 34+ Sab? (WW (@- b=?» sana tora? Wit) 0+ b+ ~Sabe 3b + 500? + bs cha +B + ad be ca) Example 1. Find the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial x? +7x +10 and verify relationship between the zeroes and the coetticients. CBSE 2020 (Basic) Sol. Let f(x)= 27 +7x +10, By splitcing the middle ttm, we get F)=x7 +54 2e410 [7 =542and5 x fleas 45x42 410% x05) 421045) flrs (x 45)042) On putting f(s) =0, we get (:+5)(x+2)=0 ‘Thus, the zeroes of given polynomial are a. Verfc Here, sum of zeroes, 0+. 0 and product of eres, of = 10= 10 = Constant tem One TC eficen of = Soy the relationship between the 2eoes ad the coefccns i veel Example 2. 1/<.and are zeroes ofthe polynomial x? — p(x +1)+e such that(a-+1)(B-+1)=0, then find the value of ¢ ‘CBSE 2015 Sol. Given, «and ate the ners of polynomial x" — p+) +e which an be writen as2— pe te p So, sum of eres, +8 o ~coaficien of sum oF zeroes = ‘coeflcient of x and product of sro, a =~ p . tered oe cen of Alo, (@+1)B+1 given = af+(a+p)+1=0 = cope ptle0 = ee-l [from Eqs. () and (i) Example 3.1/ « and pare the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial p(x) = ax? +bx-+ ¢, then evaluate ap +a 8? Sol. Given, (Land ae the 2eroe ofthe polynomial Pda ax tbe te, Sum of zeroes, + fe produce of zeroes Now, a8 +a? =aB (a +B) Example 4. i/aandB are the zeroes of the polynomial f(x) = 5x* -7x +1, then find the value of + 5) ( @, CBSE 2020 (Basic) Sol, Since, and ate the zeroes of the polynomial fils) =5x? 75 41 “ fan lh Ns? 2 a+Be-(-2)=Zandap=1 Nom, 2 B02 +B? _(a+B)*~ 208, Bia” ap 8 Example 5. 11a and are the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial I(x) = ax’ + bx + then find the difference between the zeroes. Fist, tnd the values of a + Banda. then diference of zeroes ‘can be calculated by using the Kent, = (a-BF = (a+ PF ~ 4a or (a~B)= 4 \la+ BF - dap‘Sok. Given, e and are the reroes af f(x) = ax? + bebe, Gocficientof x 6 asp a Coefficient of x ell Coefficient of x? a ‘We know that (0B)? = (a+ )* — 4a adap (fom Eqs () and (i) (On taking square root both sides, we get Ve hae which isthe required difference berwcen thei eres Example 6. Find the value of k such that the polynomial x* ~(k + 6) x + 2(2k — 1) has sum ofits zeroes equal to half of their product CBSE 2019 Sol. Lete.andB are the oot of given quadratic equation xP (kr 6)e + 2008-1 { +9} Now, sum of roots = 0+ Prods of oot =a = 2249 = 2104-1 According to question, Sam of roots (eos) = 5 products of roto) 1 = +624 x 2126-1 5226-1) > b+6=2k-1 = G+1=2k-k = k=7 Example 7. If one zero of the polynomial ‘2x? ~5x ~(2k +I) twice the other, then find both the zeroes of the polynomial and the value of k. Sol. Lec and 20a the aecos ofthe polmomial2«? —5x (24-41) 5 coefiient of x Thee, a+2a=2 [rsumofseroes: ‘oeficient of 5 a a Be 3 5 saad So, the zeroes ofthe polynomial are > and >, poly Sand -2k-1 er ‘constant term [tr product of 2105 * trcient of x? 5.5 -thet 4 Bee! feencae cca . a5 29{-2k-1) > 25 = 1A? S 1929-25 = 1R= eee oe ber ea) ial Find the zeroes of the polynomi "5x? -2x +24, if itis given that the product ofits two zeroes is 12. Sol. Given polynomial is f(x) = On comparing with a’ + bx? +or+d, we get b= —5,¢=—2 and d = 24 Leta, B and ¥ be the zeroes of polynomial f(x) such that op =12 ‘Then, a) (ii) and a) On puting 2 From Eq, (@, we ge a+p-2=5 = a+p=7 é. a=7-B iv) Now, = pu @=7-B) = B= 7B +12 = BP 38-48 +12 =O [by splitting che middle erm) = BB-3)-4@-3) = = When B = 4 then from Eq iv), @= 7-4 =3 ‘When B = 3, then from Eq. (iv),a=7-3= 4 Hence the crocs of given polynomial are 3, 4 and ~ 2Formation of Quadratic and Cubic Polynomials (0 Ifa and B are the zeroes of a quadratic polynomi then quadratic polynomial will be 2x7 (sum of zeroes) 1+ product of zeroes ie. x? (+ B)x+ op. where, sum of zeroes =a +B. and product of zeroes = af, ¢g. If sum and product of the zeroes of a quadratic polynomial are 3 and 2 respectively, then the quadratic polynomial will be x? — 3x +2. (#) Ifa., Band y are the zeroes of cubic polynomial, then cubic polynomial will be x? (sum of zeroes) x? + (sum of the product of zeroes taking two at a time) x ~ product of zeroes he 2? = (+B+7)x? + (aB+By+ yo) x- apy, where, sum of zeroes = ct + B+ y, sum of the product of two zeroes taken at a time (B+ By + yo and Product of zeroes = aBy. eg. If sum of zeroes, sum of the product of zerocs taken wo a atime and product ofall toes ate) 2 and 3 respectively, then cubic polynomial will be x? ~ (Ix? +2e 3, Nove nny one quadratic polynomial which as sais the fren conditions wile ofthe form hx" 3x4, where k tsa eal punter Example 9. Find a quadratic polynomial, the sum and product of whose zeroes are ~3and 2, respectively ‘CBSE2020 (Basie) Sol. Give, sum of zeroes and produc of tes =o We koow that if cand Bare the iros of « quadtic polyoma chen the quatatic polynomial 2x7 (sum of reroes) x + product of zeroes * Required polynomial Example 18. Find a quadratic polynomial whose zeroes are reciprocals of the zeroes of the polynomial Mx) = ax + bx +6,.a#0,c%0. — CHSE2020 (Standard) Sol. Let a and B be the ze10es of the polynomial Sls) =a? + bx + 6. Then, aep=—andap Let ard be denote reece, she sum nd prc of the zeroes of polynomial whose zeroes are + and 2. hi f polynomial wh ag ~6 Llp a ™ ap ob ee and = t.l.t we Hence, the equited polynomial g(x)is given by sls) = Ka? $4?) =t(v +2 +2) whee is any nonsense Example 11. iraand are zeroes of a quadratic polynomial x° ~5, then form a quadratic polynomial whose zeroes are 1+ a and1+8 (CBSE 2016 a5 Sol. Let pis For finding the zeroes of p(x), put p(x) = 0. and 1B a1-5=-4 ‘Thus, 6 and —4 are the zeros of new quadratic polynomial Therefore the new quadratic polynomials # (sum of zeroes} + product of zeroes Requited polynomial = x" ~[6++(-4))x+6%(—4) 2-4 Example 12. Find the cubic polynomial whose three zeroes are3,—1 and ~1/3. Sol. Let the zeroes of cubic polynomial be a= and y=-U3 a+B+y=34-D+(-U3)=2-u3=513 eB + By +70= 8-0 +--13) +(-13)0) 3+U3-1=-103 and By = (3)(—1)(-03) = Now, requited cubic polynomial = 8° (+B 4 px" +(08-+By+ yee ay sf testes We can consider 3x"~Sx" 1x3 as required cubic polynomial because i will also satisfy the given condition Then,1 Pind the zeroes of the following quadratic Polynomial and ‘Verify the relationship betwoen the er0es and the coefficients of the polynomial. () 5x 0x4 (i) 2 =20x¢91 Gli) WB ee V2 Ge) be +)—xfe8 +1) 01 N3x se 2 Find the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial VF ¢92y+1920. 3 If zeroes and ofa polynomial x¢=7x +k are such ‘that a 8 = 1, then find the value of k CBSE 2015, 4 Ifa and are the zoroes of the polynomial 2y'+7y+5, then find the value ofa. + +-aB. ‘CBSE 2010 5 WeandBare the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial ‘S(x)=32 ~5x-2, then evaluate a? +p 6 Ifo andBare the zeroes of 4x? +3x +7, then find the value of 142 cary cast 2014 7 Mone zero of the polynomial (a + 4)x?+9x + 4ais the reciprocal ofthe other, find the value ofa 8 Ione zero of the polynomial 3x? -8x + 2k +1 is seven times the other, then find the zeroes and the value of k CBSE 2010 9 the sum and difference of zeroes of quadratic Polynomial are -3 and ~10, respectively. Then, find the difference of the squares of zeroes, WO Hone of the zeroes ofthe cubic polynomial x'+ax' +bx+cis~1, then find the product of the other two zeroes. W Two zeroes of cubic polynomial ax? + 3x7 ~by 6 4are~1 and ~2, Find the third zero and values of a andb. 12 Find a quadratic polynomial, the sum and product of whose zeroes are, respectively (i) Oand ~J2 CBSE 2015 (iy 2+ Vaend2-J3 (iii) 2V5 and s ro A (v) — and — tw Zand! tw tana sum and produc of zoos of quadratic 13 oma are reopeately Band 12, then nd their zerovs. oa 14 Find the quadratic polynomial whose zeroes are 217 and ~5y7. 15 Find the quadratic polynomial whose zeroes are 2 and ~6, respectively. Verify the relation between the ‘coefficients and zeroes of the polynomial. CBSE 2010 16 Write the cubic polynomial whose zeroes are 2485 2-45 2° 2 and 4 17 11 and ~1.are zeroes of polynomial e+ Mx! + Ni? + Rix + P, then show that L+N+P=M+R. 18. How many polynomials will have their zeroes as -2and5? 19 tfaand are the zeroes ofthe quadratic polynomial fls)= 2 + x~2, then finda polynomial whose zeroes are2a +1 and 28-+1 CASE 2015 20 fe andpare zeroes of the quadratic polynomial P(x) =6x + x—1, then find the value of i} 21 tfoand are the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial f(x) =x" ~3x-2, find a polynomial whose zeroes are 20 4 i) Sana B Reg (ii) a+ 96) and (3a + 28) oop it) Sana (ay Span ind tp BreHints & Answers Do same as Example 1 Ans. ()~2,2 60)13,7 (i) 42,1 Gna! 43 57 ONT GAL Gat FL Hint Let p(0) = y*+ 929+ 1920= (y+ 32) 60) Nowe, for zeroes of p(y), put p(y)= 0. Ams.—82, ~60 Hint +p =7 «i Hinta’ +5" = (+B) — 2080+) Ans. 218 Hint, 1948. 3/4 4, 3 ap op OG Hint Latand 2 are the zeroes of the given SP +4=4a = (a~2"=0 Ansa=2 - Do same as Example 7 Ans k= 2 Hint We have,a+B=—3 ‘and a = -10(assuminga.<) pandB=2 Ans, o®p = 30 x . Hint Let the other two zeroes area and i. Then, we have OB) =~ > B= Hint Let f(2)= ar’ + e'—b2-6 ‘Then, we have 1-1) =0 and f(-2) = a~b=-3 and 4o~b= 3-00 2and b= 5 Now, let the third zero bea. Then, we have ot ‘Ans. a= 2,b= Sand Do same as Example 9 Ans. ():2=-V2 (it~ (2+ JSe+ (2-W9) Gap s*-2fbe-J5 Gv) 22-801 (A= 261 ‘Hint For finding zeroes, put Bet 12= 0-9 (x- 6-2 =0 =26 ‘Hence, the required quadratic polynomial is 2 Br+ 12 Ans, Zeoes are 2and 6 Hint Leta = 2/7 and = -647. Then, a+ B=2V7-6V7 =-B/T and = (/7)-BV7) = -10 ‘Now, required quadratic polynomial is given by 22 (eum of zeroes)x+ (product of zeroes) Ans.2+ 3/7e~70 8 v. 1% n. Hint Lata 2and.=-6 Then, required polynomial is given by 2? (a+ P)x+ of = x24 4-12 i inerenar cere 4 Cocicentts Coefficient of x* Constants and producto zeroet =f = -12= Comelant orm, arin oP -2 o ticientel? Ans. The required polynomial is x” + 4x-12 and the Tstinehip between coe and conical. Do same as Example 12, Ans. 42-242" Sie+ 4 Hint Let /(e) = Lx! + Me + N+ Re P. ‘Then, we have f()=Oand f(- = L+M+N+R+P=0 6) and L~M+N-R+P=0 co) From Eq. (i, we have L+N+P=M+R Hence proved. ‘Hint Polynomials, which have their zeroes as a and, are given by k[s*— (a+ P)x+ a], where his non-zero constant, ‘Ans, There are infinite polynomials which have their ‘zeroes as ~2and 5 Do same as Example 11. Ans. x°-9 Hint We have, a+ = 3 anda = -2 Now, required polynomial is given by Gxt (72, 2B), (24) (28 or-(F-3} (2) SE pete ieee a). ® op Ans? + lart 4 (Gi) Hime 2? ~ (2+ 3B + 90+ 2B) + (a+ ‘3B)(3x + 2B) = 2 Gas 68) 26 (Ge! + Aap + Ma + 68) = =~ 5+ B) x+ [6a +B) + Lap) Ans. x? ~ Lie + 62 2 7 oo oe fs 8g [= 2 + dat Bee prscee ges Ans. Lars 452-4 i pS d (iv) Do same as part (i Ans. 2-3NCERT FOLDER EXERCISE 2.1 1 The graphs of y = p(x) are given below, for ‘some polynomials p(x) Find the number of Zeroes of p(x)in each case. y y | ox— pr « wx Lx ¥ i y y 1 un x Lax wrt a Yr ‘The number of points al which the graph of p(intersects the X-axis, Wes the number of zeroes and their coordinate, give the zeroes. Sol. () Here, the graph of y= p(x) does not intersect the X-axis, so plx) has no 2er0, (i) The number of zeroes is one, asthe graph of y= p(x) intersects the X-axis at one point only. Gi) The number of neroesis cree, a the graph of y= p(x) fncerseces the X-axis at three points, (is) The number of zeroes is two, a8 the graph of y = p(x) (0 Th number of socio the gph numberof zeroes is four, as of y= ple inecnoom the X-ecafourpoina, ee (0) The number of nroesis three, asthe graph of y = plx) intersects the X-axis a three points EXERCISE 2.2 zeroes of the following quadratic th ; rolmomial ‘and verify the relationship between the zeroes and its coefficients. (xt-2e-8 (iy4s?-45+1 (i) 6x? - 3-7 CBSE 2020 (Basic) (iv) 4u? + 8u (e185 (vi 3x? —x-4 Fra factors the gen pyorria and hen put ech actor Fates totndterequred z2rees andthen for vettcaon, show that ee Coetticient of x Sunot rong =~ Comat Coutcent of = Constant term Coefficient of x? Sol. (i) Let p(x)= 3? ~ 2-8 2x7 —4x+2x—8- [by splitting the middle term] a x(x 4) +2(x— A= (+2) x4) To find zeroes, put pls) = x-420 of x+2=0 2x24 orx=-2 Hence, zeroes ofthe given polynomial are ~2and 4 Verification Here, sum of the zeroes ‘and product of zeroes = 2+4= and product of the zeroe Coclficient of x? So, the relationship between the 2eroes and its cocficiens is verified (i) Do sameas part (). Aas. and + 22 sland 3 (iii) Do same as par (i). Ans. pare (Ans. and 5 (ie) Let plu) = 4u? + 8u= dulu +2) ‘To find zeroes, put pw) = Aut 2)=0=9 0 = w= Ooru=-2 Hence, zeroes ofthe given polynonial are 0 and ~2 orut2=0 [440]- (6/4) coefficient of w coefficient of and product of zeroes =0x-2=0=(0/ 4)= Constant term coefficient of w’ 40, the relationship. beeween the zeroes and its ‘coefficients is verified. (0) Let ple)= 1-15 = 1? (15)? =(¢-Vi5)(e+-Vi5) To find zeroes, put pl = F-Vi5\e+Vi5)=0 = 1-Vi5 =00r + Vi5 =0 S1=Vi5 ore =—Vi5, Ke ofthe given polynomial are—J15 and 5. iS +Vi5 = coefficient oft coeficient of ¢? and product of zeroes = =V15 x Vi5 Constane term coefficient of ? So, the relationship between the zeroes and. its cocficiems is verified. (0) Do same as pare (i). Ans.~ and 4/3, ~ 8 =(a-ba+ 6), Hence, sum of zeroes = ~(0/1) 2 Find a quadratic polynomial each with the given ‘fumbers as sum and product of its zeroes, respectively, ofp- to at (ii) 0,5 yt w-it waa Putthe sum and product of zeroes, n° (sum of zeroes) 2+ product of zeroes, to getthe required quadratic polomial Sol. (i) Given, sum of zeroes = V4 and product of zeroes = -1 ‘Then, the quadratic polynomial ? — (sum of zeroes)x + product of zeroes 1) jet F1eftned -( ed 4 We can consider 4x?—x-4 a5 required quadratic polrmomil becuwe ic will uo saily te" grea conditions. (@) Do same as part (i). Ans. 3x? ~3V2x-+1 (iii) Do same as pare (). Ans. x? + V5 (iv) Do same as part (i). Ans. x? — x +1 (0) Do same as part (i). Ans. 4x7 + x41 (vi) Do same as part (i). Ans. x? — 4x41 EXERCISE 2.3* 1 Divide the polynomial p(x) by the polynomial .g(x)and find the quotient and remainder in each of the following. (0 plx)=x? ~ 3x? + Sx - 3 g(x)=x?-2 (ii) p(x)= x4 ~ 3x? + 4x + § g(x) =x? (il) p(x)= x4 — 5x +6 g(x)=2- x? [oe ‘ete (x)and g()in standard form, then divide ps) +t-x bby (z)unti the degree of remainder is less than the degree of divisor Sol. (i) Here, dividend and divisor both ate in standard form. Now, on dividing. p(x) by g(x) we gct the following division process x3 2-2) 3-3 a3 * eo ~ 2x -30° 472-3 3x46 79 “Hence, the quotientisx — 3 and the emainderis7 9 (i) Do same as pare (i) ‘Ans. Quotint =x? + x ~3 and remainder=8 (ii) Do same as par (i). ‘Ans. Quotien x ~ Dand remainder =-5x +10 2 Check whether the first polynomial is a factor of the second polynomial by dividing the second Polynomial by the first polynomial () O~3, 2¢4 + 319 20 9t- 42 (i) x? +8 +4 3x8 + Bx — 7x2 4 De 42 il) x3 ~ 3x + 4x8 — dy + 224 3x44 Divide the second polynomial by rst polynomial (remainder ts 2270, hen fst polynomials a factor of second polynomial (0 ftemainderis not zero, then rst polynomial is nota factor ‘of second polynomialSol. () Letusdivide 214 + 37! ~ 252 — 9p —12by 2-3. The divin proces it 24344 328 +30 -2/=9r 12 2 =6r? oi 30 +4P 91-12 3° zF 4 12 ae me Here, the remainders 0 therefore ~3 va factor of 264 +30 - 26? 99-12. (i) Do same as part (i). ‘Ans. Yes, The remainder is 0, therefore x? + 3x +1isa factor of 3x4 +5x? - 7x? + 2x +2. (ii) Do same spar ‘Ans. No, ‘The remainder is 2(40). Thesefore 2 —Setlisnota ficorofs’ 4? +! 430+ 3. Obtain all other zeroes of 3x4 +6x?—2x? ~10x~§ iftwo ofits zeroes are i Sol. Given, ovoaeoesae and ns 385 sof m(en orem a factor of | ren polynomial Consequently, 3x?—S is also a factor of the given polynomial Nom letusdvideSe! + 6° ~ 24? ~10e~Sby3x? 5, The division proces w+ 2x4] 3x2=5)3x" + Gx —2x7 10-5 xt 5x? s 3 6x +3x°-10x-5 6? -l0r and the zeroes of x +1)? are—Land =e Hence, al zroes of the given polynomial are (ii, ~B.—land ‘4 Ondividing x° -3x? +x +2by a polynomial g(x) the quotient and remainder will be x~2 and 2x +4, respectively. Find g(x). values in dvision algorithm and then } Further vide numerator of g(x) by First, write the given find the valve of (x denominator and simply itto get. g (=) Sol. Let, lx) 3x? +x +2, qo)2e-2 and r(x) 2-244 By using division algorithm, we have Dividend = (Divisor x Quotient) + Remainder = pls) = ge) x a) +18) (On putting the values of p(x), q(x)and r(x), we get iP Bxl bt De glx) X(e-2) + (244) Bx tx 2420-4 = glx) x (x2) = 20 =3x! 43y—2= g(x) x (8-2) = sy Thus, on dividing »° — 3x? +3x~ 2 by («~2), we get Quotient= x? —x+1, Hence, g(x) =? +1, 5 Give examples of polynomials p(x), g(x), a(x) and r(x), which satisfy the division algorithm and. i) degree q (x)= degree r(x) i) degree r(x! 2x? + 8x + 24, g(x) = 4, ix! + 2x + 6andr(x) =0 Here, degree p(x)= degree (x) = 2 Now, q(x) g(x) +(x) = Gx? + 2x46) 4-40 so,sbovevales of a, 22 te Serer rg fpr, lands ss(i) Let pled = 2° + 2x4 430 +502 42, se)aP teeth geler te4] and (x) = 262641 Here, degree (x)= degree r(x) = 2 Now, a) g(x) +r(x) HOH SH? 4 4041) 4 297 2041 2° 42x! 43x? 4502425 ple) So. above value of px), g(x), 4(x)and r(x) satisfy che Avision algorithm. S°" : (i) Let ped = 2044 Be +60 + 4412, fx) =2, x)= a4 +49 $359 +241 and He) =10 Here, degree r(x) = Now: ps) = g(x) (3) + r(x) 2x +4) $357 42041) 410 1 +8) 46x" +4 +2410 = 24 +80 +6074 404125 ple) So, above values of p(x), g(x), g(x)and(x)satsfy the division algorithm, EXERCISE 2.4 (OPTIONAL) 1 Verify that the numbers given along side of the Cubic polynomials below are their zeroes. Also, verify the relationship between the zeroes and the coefficients in each case. () 2x? +3? Ge +2;02, 4-2 (i) x? 4x? + 5x—2:2,41 Sol.) Let p (x)= 2x? +225 42 nef e( 2 rar 4 4 () +0? -5)+2=2+1-5+2=0 (27 + (2)? ~ 5(-2) +2 =X-8)+441042=-16+16=0 Hence, } 1 and ~2are zeroes ofthe given polynomial 2 +2? 542. 2 Then, + B+ =12-414(-2) 1+2-4 1 __ Coefficient of x” Fy (Coeficient of 08 87+ 1=(1}0-ov-n+-2(4) SS ,, Conliciens of x 2 Coefficient of x * These questions are removed from Latest CBSE Syllabus 1 Constane tem and By = bx x casa Thus, the relationship berween the zeroes and the coefficients is verified. (ii) Do same as o parti). 2. 2 2 Find a cubic, Polynomial with the sum, sum of the Product of its zeroes taken two at a time and the Product of its zeroes as 2, -7, -14, respectively. Sol. Let the zeroes bea, B and f Then, wehavea +B + OB + By + yu =—7 and aBy = -14 Now; required polynomials given by 2 (+B + yi’ + (0B + By + yolx ~ ay 0-27 70414 3 If the zeroes of the polynomial x? —ax2 area -b, aanda +b,then finda and. tet Sol. Given, (@~6),a and (a+6) are the 2eroes of the polynomial? ~ 33? + x 41 On comparing given polynomial with Ae + Be + Cot D, we ger Sum of product of zeroes taken two at a time = a(a~b)+ aah) + (e+bna-H2F 2 Pada taba Pa (C=, Ae] 3 3 -Pa1 = 30-621 (homEg.()) = = => batv2 Hence, a =1andb= 42 “4 Iftwo zeroes of the polynomial x4 ~6x? 26? 4138-38 are 2 V3 then find other zeroes, Sol. We have, 2 + 3 are .wo zeroes of the polynomial Ux) = xt Gx? ~ 260? +1384 ~35, Let xa2tyh So, x-2at On squaring, we get? — 4x + 4=3, ies? 4e+1=0 Lecus divide p(x) by x? ~ 4x +110 obtain other ros.x2 = 2x~35 ~ 40 +1) 60 ~ 2607 + 138 = 35 Maal oe = 20 279 + 1384-35 2x 48x) 2x 35x? +140x -35 = 35x + 140-35 ° = 6x) ~ 26x? +138x - 35 (2 = 4x 41) (<2 - 28-35) BO? — de +1) (2? = 7+ 5-39) = (x? — de 41) [xe = 7)+5 2-7) = (22 — 4x +1) (e+5)(x-7) So, (x +5)and (x ~ 7)are other factors of p(x). So,~ 5 and 7 are other eroes of the given polynomial. *5. If the polynomial x* - 6x* + 16x? - 25x +10is divided by another polynomial x?-2x+k, the remainder comes outtobex +a thenfindk anda. CBSE 2015 SUMMARY ‘A polynomial in one variable x is an algebraic expression of the orm x)= 0,2" + 04.4279 40, gx? 4 + GE + OX Oye where mis a non-negative integer and 0, By 82° ‘constants (eal numbers). = The highest power of xin a polynomial x), is called the degree of the polynomial (x). ES pe ‘Standard forms of vrious polynomial Name ofthe Standard form of Dearee Solynomial the polynomial 1 Linear polynomial ple)= act baeO 2 Ouedate ——ipled= ar? + bev cae 0 poems 3 Cubic poyomial ple)= ax? + bd + cx d, a0 4 Biquadratic Pid ar! + bi? +0? + dete, polynomial aed * If p(x\is a polynomial and ais areal value, then the value ‘obtained by putting x = ain p(x). is called the value of p(x)at x=aand itis denoted by pla). + Areal number kis said to be a zero of « polynomial px) ff Pkj=0 a sia deth, tex! —6e) +160? — 25x +10 by Sol. Lec us divide fet jivision process: Now, we have the following di ade + (B-D) xt 2e ek) Fh Gd 16x 254 + 10 xt 2d o bet eet ho (16 Bx? 25x +10 aCe rs (B—Bat+ (Gk 25)x + 10 (6-bxt~28-Hx + (8- OF GE — B—Dkr 10 2k-9)x-B- HE+IO the form of x + 4. Here, emaind Bur the remainder is given i 1 Qk=9)x (B= AHO = x44 ‘Gn comparing the coefficients of x and constant term from both sides, we get and -(@-A)A +10 2 (@-He+10 = 3x5+10=—15+10 = Sanda =—5 * Geometrical meaning of zeroes of a polynomial The zeroes, of e polynomial p(xJare precisely the x-coordinate ofthe points, where the graph of y = plx}intersects the X-axis. (i) Aquadratic polynomial can have almost two real zeroes and ‘eubic polynomial can have atmost three real zeroes (ii) A polynomial of degree n can have atmostn real zeroes. ‘Relation between the zeroes and coefficients of a polynomial (Mand are the zeroes of a quadratic polynomial ae + be + c,a¢ Ojthena +B = (i) a, f, rare the zeroes of the cubic polynomial 1 ae + bx + cx d.a# thena + B+ y=. i ap + by + ya = £andapy ==. | * Formation of quadratic and cubic polynomials: (if and p are the zeros of « quadratic polynomial, then ‘quadratic polynomial wil be | 2 = (um of ares) + produc of zaroes ! boat —(a + Bx + OB } (ii) Ifa, B and y are the zeroes of a cubic polynomial, then cubi polynomial will be [x° ~ (sum of zeroes)x+ (sum of product ares taken two ata ino) (Product of zeroes). ie. | es P+ ve + (ah + B+ Yex— of y= If one of the zeroes I -1 is a zero of - If one of the zeroes of the quadratic Polynomial x? +3x +k is 2, then the value of kis ‘CBSE 2020 (Standard) a0 wd er Me + Hone zero of the polynomial 3x? + 8x + kis the reciprocal of the other, then value of kis CBSE 2020 (Basic) 4 1 fas © @- i gc «Ang w-3 the polynomial P(x)= x? ~7x~8, then the other zero is O82 w7 © we of the quadratic Polynomial (k ~1)x? + kx +1is value of k is 2 “ ws oF 162 and are the zeroes of px? +5x +1, then (@p=ra2 Op=re2 (©)p=2end, (ps -2andr=2 If x-1.is a factor of the polynomial Px) =x? +ax? +2banda+b=4, then (CBSE 2021 Term | (Standard) 1 lan Sando =-5 3 a= sendb=1 Zeroes of a quadratic polynomial x? —5x+6,are — CBSE2021 Term1 (Basie) @-51 51 29 2-3 The graph of a polynomial Ax) cuts the X-axis at 3 points and touches it at 2 other Points. The number of zeroes of F(x) is, CBSE 2021 Term | (Standard) we 3 Os In figure, the graph of a polynomial fx) is shown. The number of zeroes of Ax) is (ala= Sana: (@a=7 ana: @ CBSE 2021 Term | (Standard) PD ref ly 1 we © os 10. n. 12. 13. “. 16. Ia and are the zeroes of the polynomial 2x? ~13x +6, then a+ Bis equal to (a @2 ey @3 ms ©? 0-2 If the sum of the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial kx? +2x+3k is equal to their Product, then kequals of el a? If oP are the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial p(x) =x? —(k + 6)x + 212k 4, then the value of k, ita+B =a, is 2 (CBSE 2021 Term I (Standard) © 3 Ita and B are zeroes and the quadratic polynomial f(x)=x*-~x-4 , then the Value of + 5 ~ ois @7 ey oF et ws as ‘A quadratic polynomial having sum and Product of ts zeroes as 5 and 0 respectively, is CBSE 2021 Term I (Basic) t+ 5x axx-5) se-1 Oe -s45 ‘The quadratic polynomial, the sum of ‘whose zeroes is ~5 and their product is 6, is, CBSE 2020 (Standard) B+ Se+6 )?-s146 (516 (+546 ‘A quadratic polynomial, whose zeroes are “Sand 4, is NCERT Exemplar et -xe 12 Wes ae E-4-6 (920 + 24-24 23 Ifone of the zeroes of the cubic polynomial ax? + bx’ + ex +d is zero, the product of then other two zeroes is NCERT Exemplar ~. = me wo @t @ o! 718. 19. 24. a. If the square of difference of the zeroes of ‘the quadratic polynomial x? + px +45 is equal to 144, then the value of pis so ws ors sre If @ and B are zeroes and the quadratic polynomial {S)=3S' -6S+4 , then the vatoeotE + a(t) «aap @7 me =e 0 20. If one of the zeroes of the cubic polynomial +a? +bx + cis -1 then the product of theotnerto zeroes is NCERT Exemplar eat gent Beck th the sum of its | If a cubic polynomial wit 2 eee sum of the products and its zeroes roduct of its taken two at a time and pi zeroes as 2, 5 and 11 respectively, then the cubic polynomial is een’ eres (e-1%-6 e-TH6 Very Short Answer {VSA) Type Questions Find the degree of the polynomial at eat +708 “= For what value of k, -2 is a zero of the Polynomial3x? +4x+2k? CBSE2010 The graphs of y= p(x), where p(x) is a polynomial in x are given. Find the number of zeroes of p(x) in each case. For each case, also state whether p(x)islinearor quadratic. \ Ox x vl wy . Is the following statement True or False? Justify your answer. ‘If the zeroes of a 28, Sum of quadratic polynomial ax* + bx +c are both negative, then a, band c all have the same sign NCERT Exemplar 26. If one zero of 2x? -3x +k is reciprocal to the other, then find the value of k. CBSE2010 27, If sum of the squares of zeroes of the quadratic polynomial f(x) = x? — 4x +k is 20, then find the value of k. zeroes of the polynomial 3x? ~10x +13 is 5. Aryan at once said, ‘itis, false’. Do you agree with Aryan? Justify. 29. If the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial ax? +be +c, where c #0, ate equal, then show that and ahave same sign. NCERT Exemplar Short Answer |SA| Type | Questions |. Write whether the following expressions are polynomials or not. Give reasons for your answer. CBSE 2018 ay tet 2 Peete Ui) exes wrx a1 tin y"-ay42 a BY Hay Ione zero of the polynomial (@ +9)x* +13x + 6ais reciprocal of the other, then find the value of a. CBSE 2015, 08 32, Ifaand are zeroes of the quadratic polynomial pfx) = x? ~(k +6)x +2(2k -1), then find the value of k,ifa+ CBSE 2011 ‘33. If the zeroes of the polynomial x? + px +q. are double in value to the zeroes of 2x? ~5x ~3, then find the values of pandq. CBSE 201234. tthe zeroes of the cubic polynomial 2 6x7 +304 10 are of the form @ a+ band a+ 2bfor some real numbers a and b then find the values of aand b. NCERT Exemplar 35. A group of 18 average students and 7 best students of a class. Write a quadratic polynomials whose are equal to number of average students and number of best students, Short Answer (SA) type li Questions Find the zeroes of the following polynomial by factorisation method and verify the relations between the zeroes and their coefficients ny 2 w 7 -Yy-2 ay Ny ~ Sy 3 tC (ii) 43x? + 5x 23 CBSE 2011 37. If the sum of the zeroes of the polynomial Plx)=(a+ihx? +(2a+3)x +(3a+4) is -1, then find the product of its zeroes. CBSE 2012 +10x +73 38. If (x +a) is a factor of two polynomials x? + px +qandx* + mx +n,then prove that ang a= m-p CBSE 2011 39. Can the quadratic polynomial x? +kx+k have equal zeroes for some odd integer kow NCERT Exemplar Long Answer (14) Type Questions 40. 1fthe zeroes of the polynomial ax? + bx +b=0 are in the ratio m:n, then find the value of fe. [a Vn "Vm 41. itaand Bare the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial f(x) = px? + qx + 1, then evaluate 1 1 pa+q pB+q 42. If and f are the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial p(s) = 3s* ~ 6s + 4, then find the value of 2+8 42 Lat) aap Boa la 8B, 43. Ifaand Bare the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial f(x) = wnat 48 pt 4p" 4 Pa gio@ 44. Ajay, Ankit and Vijay respectively Caleulated the following polynomials with sum ofthe zeroes as 18 and produ ofthe zeroes as 8 * px +q, then prove x? ~18y +81, x? +18¢~81, 2x? -9x-81 They discussed their solutions among themselves and point out mistakes in the calculations. (i) Whose calculation is correct? (i) What are the values depict here?Case Based Questions 48. sui rooney SOS a all upwards ftom a Tove hich is 8m high from ground height ng pball teaches to some maximum and then returns and hit the ground, W height of the ball at time t (in s) is Presented by h(inm), then equation ofits Path isgivenash=—1? 42148 Based on above information, answer the following questions. (om a mall otese tina (@) The maximum height achieved by ball farm oem am (10m i) The polynomial represented above graph is (2) Snear polynomial (©) quadtatc polynomial (6) constant poynamat (@) cubs polyno (iii) Time taken by ball to reach maximum height is f@)2s (as (rs (@2ma iv) Number of zeroes of the polynomial whose graph is given, is @s we eo 3 (v) Zeroes of the polynomial are (as (0-24 (24 04 46, The below picture are few natural examples of parabolic shape which is represented by a quadratic polynomial. A parabolic arch is an arch in the shape of a parabola. In structures, their curve represents an efficient method of load and so can be found in bridges and in architecture in variety of forms, CBSE Question Bank (i) In the standard form of quadratic polynomial, ax? + bx +¢,a,band care (a) real surbers (0) ational numbers (©)a'8 aon ze ra number. bande ae: fealrumbere 7 (integers. (i) IE the roots of the quadratic polynomial are equal, where the discriminant bF ~4ac, then @o>0 @p By spicing che middle term, we get flx)= 27-5246 flx)=x? —3e- 24462 fla) = (x 3)(<-2) ‘On purting f(x) = 0, we get (x~3)- 24-3) 10. (2 Given, polynomial is 2x2 13 +6 Since sum ofthe eres ofthe polynomial ax? + by +c LetaandB be the zeroes of polynomial 2x? — 134 +6, "Now, sum of the 2roes (+) 2 11 @) Given, quadeatic polynomial is? + 25 +34, et the ze0es ofthe polynomial ate o and, then andep = “45 Now, soning othe question, a+B=ap Rw 15. (a) Hint Given that, fx) 4 14. (8) LecatandB are zeroes of quadetic polynomial +B =Sandop 3 Fas Pie+a8 0 = x'-5e40=0 = x05) Therefore, 2-5) =0 15. (a) Lettand are the zeroes of quadratic polynomial 20+B=-5 andap = 6 Now, required polynomial = x? ~ out of zeros) x + product of scores SACS) t6= 58 +5046 "6. (0) Hine Let as? +e +6 be a tequied polynomial hose zeroes are —3and 4 ‘Then, sum of zeroes = ~3 + + product of seroes = Ai From Bg (and i, = a=hb=-1 and e=-127, 18, 19, © Required polynomial = ax? + be +6 We know that, if we mulply/divde any polynomial byanyconstan,then the rr of pol de not bays vol () Ler pied sa? the tart d Given that, one of the zeroes of the cubic polynomial Px) is zero, Leta, Band y ate the zeroes of cubic polynomial p(s). wherea = 0 meee We know that, Sum of product of two zeroes aca time = 8 +By+ m=! = OxBs Py + KO= fy a= gel = 0+ By +005 = py Hence, product of other ro zeroes = © ‘According wo given condition, (ap) =14 > (a +B) ~ dap =144 > py - 445) = 145 = p? =144 +180 = p=34 pass (6) Since, @ and Bare the ecroes ofthe polynomial HS)=3S? 65 +4, =), 3 2andap = $ - atB= Wotan Be a( Lat) a whofe) (a+B)'- 208 4 248) | ap 308 20, (a) Let p(s) ; Let a, and 7 be the zeroes of the given cubic slynomial p(x), ference leiven} and = DP tate een +e=0 a cltanbee=0 y cal-ath We know thas Product of all zeroes = (—1)* os = Br = opr (om Ea.) ene, produc ofthe other two root ist —« +b 21. (a) Let @4B.y be the zeroes of the required polyoma asp+y=0 ah + By +ay By =-6 2. Required cibe polynomials Bx? ~(0 +B + 7)x? + (GB + By + yer) ~ ay), thre is non-2ero constant dix + Ox? + (-7]x = (-6)) > P~7846 (consider, &=1] 22, Hine 6847! Ana 4 23. e+ det 2h 24. (0. The graph incersects Xaxs at one point only. So, the number of zeroes is 1. The polynomal nether lineat nor quadatc Since, given curve nota straight line snd no a parabol (9 Dosame pc. Asie 25, Tiue,since~4 = sum ofthe zeroes «0,502 > 0.Als the produc ofthe asroes= £> 0, +. band call have sae sign 26, Hint Let a and 7 be the sno zeroes of the sven polynomial “Then, aoe b= Constant term © Coefficient of x? Ans,27. Hine Lecarand be the zeroes of fix). 0? +B? =20-5(+B)*— 20 = 20 Ans. & 28. Hine Yes, sum of reves = 10) 33 Aryan is right. Let and a are the same zeroes of the given es! + be +6. Then, we have wash g! ("is always postive) =e and a have same sign, 30. (No, because powers of an ynomial is alway Nos pve of any pol " wa frie boone it satisfies the definition of re) Be nef pn am not be (is) Yer be beans it satisfies the condition of polynomial 31 Hine Let and 2 be wo! sees of the given polynomial, which are reciprocal ofeach other. + Product of zeroes, Constant term 33. et ase pe coed *-2etand 2B be the zeroes of x + p+ g Ans. p=5,9=-6 34. Hint Given, a, a + b, 4 + 2bare zeroes of 2? +62? +3x +10 thus we know that, atatbta+2b=6 = 4 2ba=-5 = ab aa + ba + 2) =~ aQ2)(a +6) Ptab= uu 35. Hine Sum of zeroes =18-+7 = 25 Product zeroes = 18% 7 = 126 + Required polynomials= x? ~ (Sum of recs) + Product of eroes 27-25 4126 36. (9) Hint Do same as Example I of Topic 2. “4 at Do: Pes ample Tp Ans. -\3,-7/ V3 (ii Hine Do same as Example | of Topic 5 2 i Bahn 37. Hint Sum of zeroes “a __ Coefficient of x Coefficient of x? 2009 ag 38, Hanes wiatitone pet gands? omen thea (~a)?+ pla) +g nee ~a) Hine Lec given polynomial be p(x) = «2 + ke +h le the quadtatic polynomial have cqual zeroes say 39, and ‘Then, ata= #12 and wa = ‘Ans. The given statement is fale because equal rots are possible only when Fis even, 40. Hint Lec the zeroes of the given polynomial c+ bet bbema and no + Sum of zeroes, Coefficient of x sabes de Conisenats Se Coefficient ofx? a 41. Hine Sum of eroes, Coefficient of x Coefficient of Constant term _ oduct oF zeroes, a = Constant term a OO Seticen of ? = PO+ B)+ 29 + mgeeBl+ gy? a+B=- ? Now,AD Hine «+ p = — Coefficient of. ‘Coefficient of 3? and af =_Conmantterm _ 4 wofs? 3 Nom 4B, 2(t 1 Brat(erp) “SHE fet ~ EGA ast oe (op)? On subwicating a+ B= panda = 4, we get uis= 2,47" 4 44. (@) Sum of zeroes = 18 and product of zeroes = 81 Required quadratic equation = x7 — (sum of zeroes) x + (product of zeroes) =x? 18e481 Hence, Ajay’ calculation is correct. (Gi) The values like cooperation, mutual ing, problem solving aptitude, ‘eagerness for learning, ec. are shown here. 5.00 ) wi) © wo ow 46, @ (9 In the standard form of quadratic polynomial da + be 4 cra isa non-zero real number and b and¢ anc any real number. i) (@) Ina quadtati polynomial, if rots are equal, then disciminant, D =0. (id (Gi, and ete sen of aud polynomial 2x? — x + 84. 1 _-Constanecerm__ © Coefficient of x? = att Now, product of zeroes, Te gives imaginary roots Hence, itis neither touches nor intersects X-axis. ©) (6 Given, sum of roo and product of roots *-Quadrati polynomial = Flx? ~ (sum of roots) x + product of rots) m3)Challengers* 1. Hone of the zeroes ofa quadratic polynomial ofthe form. 2+ ax+-bis the negative ofthe other then which of the following is correct? (2) Polynomial has linear factors (©) Constant term of polynomials negative (©) Both (a) and () are correct (4) Neither (a) nor (ois correct 2, He.and are the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial £0) =ax"+ b+ c, then the value ofa + Bis 1 the sum of the zeroes of the equation 3. fe ofthe equation 1 tbe {is zero, then the product of zeroes of the equation is? a+b? (a? +b") @e © a faroy oF? et 44, Find the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial y?~3y +2 ‘with the help of the graph, 413 12 op (6-1 (o) 12 5, raw the graph ofthe polynomial ~ x ¢ x + 2and find the mata ftom, : 2 : @ (0) z w8 (9 Nestea [itint For finding the maximum and minimum value of polynomial, use maximum p (x}or faz Band yare the zeroes ofthe polynomial Ux) = ax + 3b? + 3ox+d and having relation 28 =a + then 26° 3 abe + ais (a1 1 @o (0) None of these 7. Ifa quadratic polynomial curve in the shape of semi-circle is shown below. Then, the equation ofthis curve. y loz of eo (42 ) 42 Lee: ales © pee ( -}ese Answer Sheet 1@ 20 320) 4) (0) 60 70)