Page No: 13

Class 10 Geography Chapter 1 Resources and Development Solutions

2. Answer the following questions in about 30 words.
Page No: 12 (i) Name three states having black soil and the crop which ismainly grown
Multiple choice questions in it.
(i) Which one of the following type of resource is iron ore? (a)Renewable (b) (ii) What type of soil is found in the river deltas of the easterncoast? Give
Biotic (c) Flow (d) Non-renewable three main features of this type of soil.
(iii) What steps can be taken to control soil erosion in the hillyareas?
► (d) Non-renewable (iv) What are the biotic and abiotic resources? Give someexamples.

(ii) Under which of the following type of resource can tidal energy be put? (a) Answer
Replenishable (b) Human-made (c) Abiotic (d)Non-recyclable
(i) Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh are stateshaving black
► (a) Replenishable soil.
Cotton is mainly grown in black soil.
(iii) Which one of the following is the main cause of land degradation in Punjab? (ii) Alluvial Soil is found in the river deltas of the eastern coast.Three features
(a) Intensive cultivation (b) Deforestation of alluvial soil:
(c) Over irrigation (d) Overgrazing → Alluvial soils are very fertile.
→ They are ideal for growing sugarcane, wheat and paddy.
► (c) Over irrigation → The regions of alluvial soils are intensively cultivated anddensely
populated.

(iv) In which one of the following states is terrace cultivation practised? (a) (iii) In hilly areas, soil erosion can be controlled by ploughing across contour-lines,
Punjab (b) Plains of Uttar Pradesh (c) Haryana (d)Uttarakhand making use of terrace farming techniquesand using strips of grasses to check
soil erosion by wind and water.
► (d) Uttarakhand (iv) Biotic Resources: The resources which are obtained from thebiosphere and
have life are called Biotic Resources. For example,animals and plants including
human beings. Abiotic Resources: The resources which are composed of non-living
(v) In which of the following states is black soil found? (a) Jammuand Kashmir (b)
things are called Abiotic Resources. For example, water, minerals, metals, wind,
Gujarat (c) Rajasthan (d) Jharkhand
solar energy etc.
► (b) Gujarat
3. Answer the following questions in about 120 words. Project/Activity
(i) Explain land use pattern in India and why has the land under forest not
increased much since 1960-61? 4. Solve the puzzle by following your search horizontally andvertically to
(ii) How have technical and economic development led to moreconsumption of find the hidden answers.
resources?
(i) Natural endowments in the form of land, water, vegetationand minerals.
Answer
(ii) A type of non-renewable resource.
(i) Land resources in India are primarily divided into agricultural land, forest land, (iii) Soil with high water retaining capacity.
land meant for pasture and grazing, and wasteland. Waste land includes rocky,
arid and desert areas, and landused for other non-agricultural purposes such as (iv) Intensively leached soils of the monsoon climate.
housing, roadsand industry. According to the recent data, about 54% of the total (v) Plantation of trees on a large scale to check soil erosion.
land area is cultivable or fallow, 22.5% is covered by forests, and 3.45% is used for (vi) The Great Plains of India are made up of these soils.
grazing. The rest is waste land, with traces of miscellaneous cultivation.
The land under forest has not increased since 1960–61 because in the post-
independence era demand for more land to expandagriculture, mainly after Green Answer
Revolution, developmental works and infrastructural facilities, led to clearance of
forests areas. Industrialisation and urbanisation also decreased the forest area. (i) Resources
Thus, land under forest has increased by only about4% since 1960-61. (ii) Minerals
(iii) Black
(ii) Technical and economic development have led to more consumption of (iv) Laterite
resources on account of various factors such as: (v) Afforestation
→ Technological development provides sophisticated equipments. As a result, (vi) Alluvia
production increases ultimately leadingto consumption of more resources.
→ Technological development also leads to economic development. When the
economic condition of a country rises,the needs of people also rise. It again
results into more consumption of resources.
→ Economic development provides favourable environment forthe development
of latest technologies. It helps to make or convert various materials found around
us into resources.
Finally, it results into the consumption of new availableresources too.
Class 10 Geography Chapter 2 Forest and Wildlife Resources Solutions Answer

Page No: 22 Animals/Plants Category of existence

Multiple choice questions Black buck Endangered

(i) Which of these statements is not a valid reason for the depletion of flora and
fauna? (a) Agricultural expansion (b) Largescale developmental projects (c)
Asiatic elephant Vulnerable
Grazing and fuel wood collection (d) Rapid industrialisation and urbanisation
► (c) Grazing and fuel wood collection
Andaman wild pig Endemic

(ii) Which of the following conservation strategies do not directly involve

community participation? (a) Joint forest management (b) Beej Bachao Andolan Himalayan brown bear Rare
(c) Chipko Movement (d)Demarcation of Wildlife sanctuaries

► (d) Demarcation of Wildlife sanctuaries Pink head duck Extinct

2. Match the following animals with their category of existence. 3. Match the following.

Animals/Plants Category of existence

Reserved other forests and wastelands belonging to bothgovernment
Black buck Extinct forests and private individuals and communities

Asiatic elephant Rare

Protected forests are regarded as most valuable as far asthe
Andaman wild pig Endangered forests conservation of forest and wildlife resources

Himalayan brown bear Vulnerable

Unclassed forest lands are protected from any furtherdepletion
Pink head duck Endemic forests
 has led to decline in India’s biodiversity. The mainfactors responsible for this
Answer damage are:
→ Habitat destruction, mainly due to overpopulation leading toexpansion of
agriculture, mining, industrialisation and urbanisation and consequent wiping out
forests are regarded as most valuable as far asthe of large forest areas.
Reserved
conservation of forest and wildlife resources → Hunting and poaching and illegal trade of animal skin, tusk, bones, teeth,
forests
horns, etc have lead many speices to the verge of extinction.
→ Environmental pollution, poisoning of water bodies due to discharge of
industrial effluents, chemicals, wastes, etc. leadingto animal deaths.
Protected forest lands are protected from any furtherdepletion → Forest fires often induced by shifting cultivation wiping outvaluable forests
forests and wildlife.
→ Large scale development projects and destruction of forests.
→ Grazing and fuel wood collection.
other forests and wastelands belonging to bothgovernment
Unclassed →Over-exploitation of forest products
and private individuals and communities
forests Other important causes of environmental destruction are unequal access,
inequitable consumption of forest resources and differential sharing of
responsibility for environmental well-being.

4. Answer the following questions in about 30 words. 5. Answer the following questions in about 120 words.

(i) What is biodiversity? Why is biodiversity important for humanlives? (i) Describe how communities have conserved and protectedforests and
wildlife in India.
(ii) How have human activities affected the depletion of floraand fauna?
Explain. (ii) Write a note on good practices towards conserving forestand wildlife.

Answer Answer

(i) Biodiversity is immensely rich in wildlife and cultivated species, diverse in form (i) Indian forests are home to different communities. These communities
and function, but closely integrated in asystem through multiple networks of have a complex relationship with their environment. The Mundas and the
interdependencies. Santhal of Chhota Nagpur
It is important for human lives because the human beings, alongwith the
biodiversity, form a complete web of ecological systemin which we are only a part
and are very much dependent on this system for our own existence.

(ii) Several human activities have affected the depletion of flora and fauna and
region worship Mahua and Kadamba trees; the tribals of Orissa and Bihar worship
the tamarind and mango trees. Similarly, the Bishnois of Rajasthan hold the
antelopes in high reverence. For these communities, particular flora and fauna are
integral to their identity, so they take a number of steps to protect the same.
Villagers around the Sariska Reserve have opposed miningactivities in the region as
these activities endanger wildlife.
Villagers in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have banned huntingand lumbering
activities in a 1200 hectare area they have marked as Bhairodev Dakav
'Sonchuri'. Such activities have helped preserve patches of virgin forest land.

(ii) Good practices towards conserving forest and wildlife are plenty. Nowadays,
many non-governmental organisations are working towards creating public
awareness for conserving depleting forest cover and vanishing wildlife. Central
and state governments in India have set up national parks and wildlife sanctuaries
to protect forests and endangered species in wildlife. A recently developing
practice towards conservation is the search for different conservation measures.
Biodiversity is the new by-word of good practices towards conserving forest and
wildlife. Various communities, especially in tribal areas, whoare dependent on
forests for their living are now taking an active role in this form of conservation.