Scribd
Upload
6 views

Understanding The Self (Lesson 1)

Uts

Uploaded by

Chloe Eisenheart
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
6 views

Understanding The Self (Lesson 1)

Uts

Uploaded by

Chloe Eisenheart
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

Understanding the self

Lesson 1: philosophical view of self


 Personal growth
 Self-awareness
 Self-understanding
 Self-acceptance
Socrates (469-399 B.C)
“One true self is our soul”
The self exists in two parts:
 Body – physical, tangible, and mortal
 Soul – immortal

 Know thyself
 He was the first philosopher who engages in systematic questioning about the self.
 He considers man from the point of view of his inner life.
 Virtue is the deepest and most basic propensity [strong natural tendency to do something]
of man. Knowing one’s own virtue is necessary and can be learned.
Plato (427-347 B.C)
“The ideal self, perfect self”
Components of the soul:
 Rational soul
 Spiritual soul
 Appetitive soul
The rational soul forged/ copied by reason and intellect that govern the affairs of the human
person; the spiritual soul which in charge of emotions; and appetitive soul in charge of base
desires
“Love in fact is one of the links between the sensible and the eternal world.” – Plato
Aristotle (384-322 B.C)
The self is composed of body and soul, mind, and matter, sense and intellect, passion and reason.
Reason is supreme in a human person, and so should govern all of life’s activities. Harmonious
development of whole self.
Perfection and happiness come from wisdom virtue.
The golden mean – a balance point
Cowardice courage recklessness

mean

By: CMHB 1
The self-according to medieval philosopher
St. Augustine (354-430 A.D)
“Love and justice as the foundation of the individual self”

 He combined the platonic ideas into Christianity perspective.


 He believes that a virtuous life is the dynamism of love. Loving God means loving ones
fellowmen; and loving one’s fellowmen denotes never doing any harm to another.
“An sakong puso dai matutuninong sagkod na Ika mapasapuso ko.” – Augustine
St. Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274)
“Angelic doctor”
Mas is composed of two parts:
 Matter / hyle
 Forms / morphe
Matter/ hyle refers to the common stuff that makes up everything in the universe. Forms/ morphe
refers to the essence of the substance of things. It is what makes it what it is.
 A human person can know the truth with certainty by the use of his reason
 Some truth can be perceived only with the aid of divine revelation

The self-according to modern and contemporary philosophers


Rene Descartes (1596-1650)
“cargito, ergo sum / I think, therefore I am”
The self then for Rene is also a combination of two distinct entities, the COGITO, the thing that
thinks, which is the mind, and the EXTENZA of the mind, which is the body, i.e.. like a machine
that is attached to the mind.
John Locke (1631-1704)
 at birth, the (human) mind is a tabula rasa, meaning “black statue”
 an essay concerning human understanding (1689)
 impressions here significant ang lastly consequence
 he reemphasized the “freedom of individuals to another own soul”
David Hume (1711-1776)
“The self is the bundle theory of mind”
 from scotch land
 history of England
 there is no self because our conscious
the concept of self to be intelligible and meaningful, must be based on sense impressions:
1. impressions – experience of sense which are lively and vivid
2. ideas – recalled copies of impressions

By: CMHB 2
when he look into his mins, he finds a stream of impressions and ideas; but no impression
corresponding to a self that endures through time.
Immanuel Kant (1724-1804)
“respect for self”
To Kant, there is necessarily a mind that organizes the impressions that men get from the external
world. Time and Space are ideas that one cannot find in the world but built-in our human mind.
Kant calls these the apparatuses of the mind.
A human person has an inner and an outer self which together, from his/her consciousness
Inner self – psychological state and rational intellect
Outer self – sense and the physical world
Kant categorical imperative:
First formulation – the formula of universal law (universalizability)
Second formulation – the people of humanity (if it show respect for the other)
Maurice Merleau Ponty (1908-1962)
“phenomenologist”
 He insisted that body and mind are so intertwined from one another.
 There is no experience that is not an embodied experience
Gilbert Ryle (1900-1976)
“the mind body dichotomy”
For Ryle, what truly matters is the behavior that a person manifests in his day-today life.
The working of the mind are not district from the actions of the body but are one and the same.
Paul church land (1942-present)
 Adheres to materialism (the belief that nothing expect matter exists
 It is the physical brain that gives us our sense of self
 Science is providing the mental health is connected to the physical brain
 decisions making and moral behavior are biological phenomena

By: CMHB 3

You might also like