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17701322043

Water resources Engineering presentation

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bunujana2
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16 views

17701322043

Water resources Engineering presentation

Uploaded by

bunujana2
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CALCUTTA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY NAME - BINAY SUNDAR JANA STREAM - B.TECH. IN CIVIL ENGINEERING SEMESTER - 6™ YEAR - 3° ROLL NO - 17701322031 SUBJECT - WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING Irrigation:- > Irrigation is the artificial application of water to the land or soil. > It is used to assist in the growing of agricultural crops, maintenance of landscapes, and revegetation of disturbed soils in dry areas and during periods of inadequate rainfall. Types of irrigation:- 1) Surface irrigation:- > Water is applied to the field in either the controlled or uncontrolled manner. > Controlled: Water is applied from the head ditch and guided by corrugations, furrows, borders, or ridges. > Surface irrigation is entirely practised where water is abundant. The low initial cost of development is later offset by high labour cost of applying water, There are deep percolation, runoff and drainage problems 2) Sprinkler irrigation:- > Introduction: The sprinkler system is ideal in areas where water is scarce. > ASprinkler system conveys water through pipes and applies it with a minimum amount of losses. > Water is applied in form of sprays sometimes simulating natural rainfall. > The difference is that this rainfall can be controlled in duration and intensity. 3) Drip irrigation:- Introduction: In this irrigation system: i) Water is applied directly to the crop ie. Entire field is not wetted. > ii) Water is conserved > (iii) Weeds are controlled because only the places getting water can grow weeds. > (iv) There is a low pressuresystem. > (v) There is a slow rate of water application somewhat matching the consumptive Application rate can be as low as 1 - 12 I/hr. Use. (vi) There is reduced evaporation, only potential transpiration is considered. 4) sub surface irrigation:- > Applied in places where natural soil and ‘topographic condition favour water application to the soil under the surface, a practice called sub-surface irrigation. These conditions include: a) Impervious layer at 15 cm depth or more b) Pervious soil underlying ) Uniform topographic condition vvryy d) Moderate slopes. Conclusion > > Irrigation increases yields and ensures the reliability of crop production—approximately 40% of the world’s food is grown on irrigated land, which accounts for only about. 20% of the worlds’ land used for crop production. THANK YOU

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