TARGET TSPSC

QUICK REVISION MODULE

CURRENT AFFAIRS-2024
Very Useful for TSPSC Group- I, Group-II, Group-III and
other state Government Exams

PREPARED BY :
MD.YOUNUS
K.HARSHITH
G.VENKATESH
 Important Themes for Group 1 Prelims
Awards and Rankings............................................................................................................2
Important Current affairs in News........................................................................................ 5
Important operations in News.............................................................................................12
Polity and Committees:....................................................................................................... 13
Justice Usha Mehra Committee and Reclassification of Scheduled Castes.................... 15
High-level Committee (HLC) on Simultaneous Elections........................................... 16
Appointment of Lokpal Chairperson and Members.................................................... 17
Appointment of Election Commissioners....................................................................17
Important awards................................................................................................................. 18
M. S. Swaminathan: Father of the Green Revolution.......................................................20
P. V. Narasimha Rao........................................................................................................ 20
Padma Awards 2024........................................................................................................ 22
List of Nobel Prize 2023.......................................................................................................23
96th Academy Awards or Oscars 2024.............................................................................. 24
Jnanpith Award Recipients- 2024....................................................................................... 24
Swachh Survekshan Awards 2023.............................................................................25
Annual Startup Awards 2022......................................................................................26
Few Important Current Affairs............................................................................................ 29
Important Sports News........................................................................................................ 35
Brief info on UNESCO Heritage Sites.................................................................................37
World Network of Biosphere Reserves In India................................................................ 47
Newly added 05 Ramsar sites in India............................................................................... 56
Important Environmental Topics........................................................................................ 60
National Parks...................................................................................................................... 60
Tiger Reserves......................................................................................................................61
UNESCO World Heritage Site..............................................................................................64
National Current Affairs in News........................................................................................ 69
INDIA STATE OF THE FOREST REPORT-2021.................................................................. 82
The significant features of ISFR Report.............................................................................83
Telangana @ISFR Report.................................................................................................... 84
District-wise Forest statistics:............................................................................................ 84
Tiger Reserves of Telangana...............................................................................................85
WILDLIFE SANCTUARIES IN TELANGANA....................................................................... 86
List of Tiger Reserves in India -till Date............................................................................. 87
Important GI Tags in News.................................................................................................. 90
Telangana State Demographic Features............................................................................ 92
IMPORTANT MILITARY EXERCISES IN NEWS...................................................................96
Indian Demographic Features- Census- 2011................................................................. 103

Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1

Awards and Rankings

S.No Award/Index Rank

1 Annual Startup Awards 2022 ● Gujarat, Kerala and Karnataka have

emerged as the best-performing states in
developing startup ecosystems,
● Best Performing States: Gujarat, Kerala,
Karnataka and Tamil Nadu have ranked as
best performing states
● department for promotion of industry and
internal trade (DPIIT) under the commerce
ministry

2 Corruption Perceptions Index ● Released by Transparency International’s

2023 India is 93 out of 180 countries.
● Denmark , Finland and Newzeland are top
3 countries

3 Henley Passport Index for ● France securing the top spot

2024 ● India’s passport ranking has slipped one
place from last year, moving from 84th to
85th position.

4 World Happiness Report 2024 ● United Nations Sustainable Development

Solutions Network released
● International Day of Happiness (March
20).
● Finland, Denmark, Iceland, Sweden,
Israel, are top 5 countries
● Afghanistan retained its status as the
unhappiest country in the world followed
by Lebanon, Lesotho
● India ranked at 126 place

5 Human Development Index: ● Recently released report by UNDP

● Theme of 2023/24 HDR Titled: “
Breaking the Gridlock: Reimagining
Cooperation in a Polarized World”
● India ranks 134th in the global Human
Development Index.
● In 2022, India stands at 134th place,
compared to 135th in 2021
● India in the Medium Human Development
Category: Between 1990 and 2022, the
country saw its HDI value increase by
48.4 percent, from 0.434 in 1990 to 0.644
Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1
 in 2022

6 Global Multidimensional ● United Nations Development Programme

Poverty Index 2023 and the Oxford Poverty and Human
Development Initiative (OPHI)
● 415 million poor people moved out of
poverty from 2005/2006 to 2019/2021.
● - Decline in the poverty head-count ratio
from 44.3% in 2005/2006 to 11.8% in
2019/2021.

7 Democracy Report 2024 ● India ranks 104

● released by the Gothenburg-based V-Dem
Institute

8 World Press Freedom Index ● In 2023, India ranked 161st among the
180 countries
● Released by Reporters without borders

9 Renewables 2022 Global ● India ranks fourth globally in installed

Status Report renewable energy capacity
● fourth in wind power capacity
● Ranks fourth in solar power capacity.

10 Climate Change Performance ● India has ranked 7th

Index (CCPI) 2024, ● published on the sidelines of the COP28 in
Dubai.
● It is published by Germanwatch, the New
Climate Institute and the Climate Action
Network annually.
● It was first published in 2005.
● Top 3 countries
● 1,2,3 ranks were not given to any country
● 4.Denmark with 75.59 per cent.
● 5.Estonia
● 6.Philippines

11 World Bank's Logistics ● According to the World Bank's 'Logistics

Performance Index Report Performance Index Report (2023):
2023 Connecting to Compete 2023', India ranks
38 out of 139 countries.
● India’s rank has improved by six places
from 44 in 2018 and sixteen places from
54 in 2014.

Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1

12 Gender Inequality Index ● 108th out of 193 countries
2022 ● It measures gender disparity across three
dimensions: reproductive health,
empowerment, and the labour market.
● Released by UNDP

13 Global Terrorism Index 2023 ● Released by Institute for Economics and

Peace (IEP)
● India Rank: 13th rank
● The report ranks 163 countries on the
impact of terrorism, using data from
Terrorism Tracker and other sources.

14 Global Innovation Index ● India retains 40th rank out of 132

2023 economies in the Global Innovation Index
2023 rankings published by the World
Intellectual Property Organization.
● India has been on a rising trajectory, over
the past several years in the Global
Innovation Index (GII), from a rank of 81
in 2015 to 40 in 2023

16 Energy Transition Index ● Released by World Economic Forum

2023 ● Indian Rank 67th

17 Stockholm International ● Released by Oxford University Press

Peace Research Institute ● India was the world’s top arms importer in
(SIPRI) Report 2019-23 with imports having gone up by
4.7% compared to the 2014-18

18 World Air Quality Report ● Released by IQAir

2024 ● India ranks as the third most polluted
country. - New Delhi ranked as the most
polluted capital city.

19 Global Liveability Index ● Economist Intelligence Unit

2023 ● New Delhi and Mumbai: 141st
● Chennai: 144th
● Vienna: 1st ranked city

20 Global Hunger Index 2023 ● Concern Worldwide and Welt Hunger

Hilfe
● Ranked 111 (slipped four positions as
compared to last year)

Travel & Tourism

● It is the second edition of an index that
Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1
 Development Index evolved from the series, a flagship index
of the World Economic Forum that has
been in production since 2007.

● It is created in collaboration with the

University of Surrey and with input from
leading Travel & Tourism (T&T)
stakeholder organizations, thought leaders
and data partners.

● It measures the set of factors and policies

that enable the sustainable and resilient
development of T&T.

● India is ranked 39th, the highest in South

Asia and among other
lower-middle-income economies.

● India's new ranking is a notable

improvement from its 54th position in the
2021 index

Important Current affairs in News

1 Six Heritage Sites The Six Heritage Sites are

Included by UNESCO 1. Gwalior Fort
on India’s Tentative List 2. The Historic Ensembles of Dhamnar
3. The Bhojeshwar Mahadev Temple, Bhojpur
4. Rock Art Sites of the Chambal Valley
(Serial Nomination)
5. Khooni Bhandara, Bhuranpur |
6. Gond Monument of Ramnagar, Mandla
With this India has expanded its UNESCO
Tentative List to include 57 sites
2 96th Academy Awards 1. Best Picture Oppenheimer
or Oscars 2024 2. Best Actor Cillian Murphy (Oppenheimer).
3. Best Actress Emma Stone (Poor Things).
4. Best Director Christopher Nolan
(Oppenheimer).
5. Best Supporting Actor Robert Downey Jr
(Oppenheimer).

Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1

3 First Country to Protect France has become the only country to explicitly
Abortion in Constitution guarantee abortion as a constitutional right.

4 9th Annual Shakti Held in Delhi

International Women Organized by: It is an annual Conference on the
Entrepreneurs Summit occasion of International Women’s Day (March 8)
being organised by India SME Forum with the
support of the Ministry of Micro, Small and
Medium Enterprises, Govt. of India, in association
with Women Entrepreneurs Forum
5 Committee to look into The 16-member committee, chaired by Dr V K
Ayushman Bharat Paul, Member (Health) at NITI Aayog
Implementation
6 World Happiness Report 1. United Nations Sustainable Development
2024 Solutions Network released the World
Happiness Report 2024
2. International Happiness Day:March 20
3. Theme 2024: “Reconnecting for Happiness:
Building Resilient Communities”
4. Top 10 Happiness Rankings: | Worldwide:
Finland, Denmark, Iceland, Sweden, Israel,
Netherlands, Norway, Luxembourg,
Switzerland and Australia. ‹ The top 10
countries in the list have remained the same
since before the Covid-19 pandemic.
5. Afghanistan Remains Least Happy Country:
6. India ranked at 126 place (same as last year).

7 Human Development ● India ranks 134th in the global Human

Index Development Index
● Theme of 2023/24 HDR Titled: “ Breaking
the Gridlock: Reimagining Cooperation in a
Polarized World”
● ‹ In 2022, India stands at 134th place,
compared to 135th in 2021, out of 193
countries ranked.
● India in the Medium Human Development
Category
● Between 1990 and 2022, the country saw its
HDI value increase by 48.4 percent, from
0.434 in 1990 to 0.644 in 2022.
● HDI refers to the assessment of average
achievements in three basic dimensions of
human development - long and healthy life,
access to education, and decent standard of
living

Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1

8 Atmospheric Research The first phase of the Atmospheric Research
Testbed Testbed in Central India (ART-CI) was inaugurated
in Sehore district in Bhopal.
Under this phase, an ART in central India was to be
established to study convection, land atmosphere
interactions, and precipitation

9 The High-level Chairman:

Committee (HLC) on Ram Nath Kovind (Former President of India)
One Nation, One Members:
Election ● Amit Shah (Union Home Minister and
Minister of Cooperation)
● Ghulam Nabi Azad (Former Leader of
Opposition in Rajya Sabha)
● N.K. Singh (Former Chairman, 15th
Finance Commission)
● Subhash C. Kashyap (Former Lok Sabha
Secretary General)
● Harish Salve (Senior Advocate)
● Sanjay Kothari (Former Chief Vigilance
Commissioner)
Special Invitee:
● Arjun Ram Meghwal (Law and Justice
Minister)
●
10 16th Finance 16th Finance Commission of India: Members
Commission of India: The 16th Finance Commission is chaired by Dr.
Members Arvind Panagariya, former Vice-Chairman of
NITI Aayog. Here's a detailed list of the members:
● Chairman:
○ Dr. Arvind Panagariya
● Members:
○ Shri Ajay Narayan Jha: Former
member of the 15th Finance
Commission and former Secretary,
Expenditure.
○ Smt. Annie George Mathew:
Former Special Secretary,
Expenditure.
○ Dr. Soumya Kanti Ghosh: Group
Chief Economic Advisor, State
Bank of India.
○ Dr. Niranjan Rajadhyaksha:
Executive Director, Artha Global.
● Secretary:
○ Shri Ritvik Ranjanam Pandey,
IAS
Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1
11 New Lokpal President of India appointed former Supreme Court
Chairperson Judge Justice AM Khanwilkar as the Chairperson
of the Lokpal
The government has also appointed six
members:
Three Judicial Members:
1. Former Himachal Pradesh High Court Chief
Justice Lingappa Narayana Swamy,
2. Former Allahabad High Court Chief Justice
Sanjay Yadav
3. Law Commission Chairperson Ritu Raj
Awasthi.
4. Former Chief Election Commissioner Sushil
Chandra
5. former Chief Secretary of Gujarat Pankaj
Kumar
6. former Rural Development Secretary Ajay
Tirkey.
Composition: 1 Chairman + Maximum 8
members
The first Lokpal chairperson was former Supreme
Court Justice Pinaki Chandra Ghose, who assumed
office in March 2019.
· Lokapal is satatutory body
· Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act 2013: The Lokpal
and Lokayuktas Act was passed in 2013.
selection Committee consisting of:
1. The Prime Minister—Chairperson
2. The Speaker of the House of the People
3. The Leader of Opposition in the House of the
People
4. The Chief Justice of India or a Judge of the
Supreme Court nominated by him
5. One eminent jurist, as recommended by the
Chairperson and Members (referred above), to
be nominated by the President.

Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1

12 Appointment of Gyanesh Kumar and Sukhbir Singh Sandhu were
Election Commissioners appointed Election Commissioners by the President
of India on the recommendation of a high-powered
panel chaired by the Prime Minister
Selection Committee for Appointments:
The President will appoint the chief election
commissioner and other election commissioners
based on the recommendation of a Selection
Committee comprising the
1. Prime Minister
2. a Union Cabinet Minister,
3. the Leader of the Opposition or the leader of
the largest opposition party in the Lok Sabha

13 Trade and Economic ● India and the four-nation European Free

Partnership Agreement Trade Association (EFTA), an
(TEPA) intergovernmental grouping of Iceland,
Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland,
signed a Trade and Economic Partnership
Agreement (TEPA)
● EFTA countries committing to invest $100
billion in India and aiming to generate 10
lakh jobs over 15 years in exchange for
tariff concessions for their pharma chemical
products and minerals, among other item
● TEPA is the fourth major deal signed by
India to promote trade and economic
cooperation in the last three years. The
others are with Australia, Mauritius and the
UAE
14 Sweden Joins NATO About NATO
● : It was established in 1949 with the signing
of the North Atlantic Treaty, also called the
Washington Treaty.
● Headquarters: Brussels, Belgium.

Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1

15 Africa Club ● The 37th African Union Summit was
convened in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
● Launched in the 37th summit meeting of the
African Union 2024.
● Members: It includes the African
Export-Import Bank, Trade and
Development Bank, Africa Finance
Corporation, African Reinsurance
Corporation, African Trade and Investment
Development Insurance, Shelter Afrique
Development Bank and ZEPRE (PTA
Reinsurance Co).
● Purpose: To amplify Africa’s influence in
the global financial system by aligning its
functions with the SDGs and the African
Union’s Agenda 2063

16 Joint Economic and JETCO is a bilateral institution formed by two

Trade Committee countries to promote economic cooperation and
(JETCO): commercial relations.
The Union Cabinet had approved the proposal for
signing of the said protocol for establishment of
JETCO between India and Dominican Republic

17 Nature Restoration Law ● The European Parliament adopted the first

European Union (EU) law to restore
degraded ecosystems
● Overall target: A target has now been set for
the EU countries to restore at least 20
percent of its land and sea areas by 2030
and all ecosystems in need of restoration by
2050.
● Peatlands: To restore at least 30 percent of
drained peatland by 2030, 40 per cent by
2040 and 50 per cent by 2050.
● The law specifically includes forests,
grasslands, and wetlands, as well as rivers,
lakes, and coral beds. ‹ Member states must
restore at least 30% of habitats from a poor
to a good condition by 2030.
● Henceforth the target would increase to
60% by 2040, and 90% by 2050.

18 ITU's Digital Dr. Neeraj Mittal was unanimously chosen co-chair

Innovation Board. of the ITU's Digital Innovation Board

Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1

 Yaounde Declaration ● Ministers of Health from African countries
with the highest burden of malaria recently
signed the Yaounde Declaration to end
malaria deaths
. About Yaounde Declaration:
● Signing: It was signed by the health
ministers of 11 African countries with the
highest burden of malaria, committing to
accelerated action to end deaths from the
malaria disease.
●
● Hosts: It was signed at the Yaoundé
conference, co-hosted by the World Health
Organization And the Government of
Cameroon
19 India’s First ● The Union Cabinet recently approved three
Semiconductor chip-related projects, including India’s first
Fabrication Plant semiconductor fabrication plant
● The three projects are:
●
● Semiconductor Plant in Dholera, Gujarat: |
The semiconductor plant is a collaboration
between Tata Group and Taiwanese foundry
Powerchip Semiconductor Manufacturing
Corp (PSMC).
●
● It will provide access to leading-edge and
mature nodes including 28 nanometer, 40
nm, 55 nm, 90 nm and 110 nm.
●
● Capacity of 50,000 wafers per month. z
Chip Assembly plant in Morigaon, Assam:
● The Tata Group will also set up a chip
assembly plant with a capacity to
manufacture 48 million chips per day, and
will primarily cater to export needs. z Chip
Packaging Facility in Sanand, Gujarat: | A
chip packaging facility in Gujarat’s Sanand
was also approved by the Cabinet
20 Anti Leprosy Day ● Anti Leprosy Day is observed on 30th
January every year
● Theme- Let us make Leprosy a History; Let
us fight against leprosy
● Nikusth 2.0 Portal
● • Nikusth 2.0 is an integrated portal for
leprosy case management under National
Leprosy Eradication Programme (NLEP).
Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1
Important operations in News

Name of Operation Significance

Operation Amrit To reduce the use of antibiotics by the Government of Kerala
Operation Ajay To evacuate Indian citizens from Israel during the Israel-Hamas war by the
Government of India
Operation Iron Israel's code name for its ongoing fight against Hamas
Swords
Operation Chakra-2 Raids conducted by CBI to eliminate the cyber crime Mafia
Operation Sajag To involve all stakeholders in enhancing coastal security by the Indian
Coast Guard
Operation To flush out terrorists hiding in Poonch, Jammu and Kashmir by Security
Trinetra-2 forces (Army and Police)
Operation Karuna To assist Myanmar affected by Cyclone Mocha by Indian Navy
Operation Dhvast To end organized crime and terrorism by NIA
Operation Kaveri To bring back Indians stranded in war-torn Sudan by the Government of
India
Operation Maryada To maintain cleanliness in pilgrimage places and tourist places by
Uttarakhand Police
Operation To help people in rural areas and areas near the LOC in Jammu and
Sadbhavna Kashmir by the Indian Army
Operation Alert To enhance security along the India-Pakistan border by the Border
Security Force (BSF)
Operation Octopus Raids by NIA and ED against Popular Front of India (PFI) for spreading
violence and terror funding
Operation Dost To help earthquake-affected Turkey and Syria by the Government of India
Operation Garuda To eliminate drug network by CBI
Operation To trace people who are circulating child pornography by CBI
Meghchakra
Operation Narcos To stop drug smuggling through rail by Railway Protection Force
Mission Amanat For tracking lost luggage of passengers by Indian Railways
Operation Ganga To bring back Indian citizens and students trapped in war-torn Ukraine by
the Government of India
Operation Olivia To rescue Olive Ridley turtles of Odisha by the Indian Coast Guard
Operation Vigilant To prevent smuggling of illicit tobacco and illicit liquor in trains by
Railway Protection Force
Operation Devi To rescue Indians trapped in Taliban-occupied Afghanistan by the Ministry
Shakti of External Affairs
Operation Available To curb black marketing of railway tickets by Railway Protection Force
Operation AAHT To save women and children from traffickers by Railway Protection Force
Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1
Operation Sard To prevent incidents of infiltration by BSF in dense fog along the Western
Hawa International Border of Rajasthan
Operation To end the cultivation and supply of cannabis by the Government of
Parivartan Andhra Pradesh
Operation Green To cover 22 more perishable agricultural products by the Center besides
tomatoes, onions, and potatoes
Operation Samudra To bring back Indians stranded in Maldives during COVID-19 by the
Setu Navy
Operation Samudra For rapid shipment of oxygen containers by the Navy
Setu-II
Operation Namaste By the Indian Army to keep itself free from the infection of COVID-19
Operation Vande To bring home 14800 Indian nationals stranded abroad during COVID-19
Bharat by the Ministry of External Affairs
Operation Blue By the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment for tracking people
Freedom with disabilities on the Siachen Glacier
Mission Sagar For food supply to Maldives, Madagascar, Seychelles, and Comoros to
combat COVID-19
Operation Vanilla Humanitarian aid disaster relief mission by the Navy
Operation Sankalp Carried out by the Indian Navy in the Gulf for maritime security
Operation Bandar Code for Balakot Strike
Operation Pravah To protect the airport from flood hazards by Cochin Airport Limited
Operation To strengthen the anti-infiltration measures along the Pakistani border in
Sudarshan Punjab and Jammu by BSF

Polity and Committees:

Topic Significance

Uniform Civil Code. Uttarakhand became the first State in the country
to pass a law on Uniform Civil Code.

Sixth Schedule The people of Ladakh are protesting for Ladakh to

be recognized as a tribal area under the Sixth
Schedule.
tribal areas in Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, and
Mizoram.

REMISSION Policy Supreme Court set aside remission of 11 convicts

in Bilkis Bano’s case granted by the State
Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1
 Government of Gujarat.

Citizenship (Amendment) Rules, 2024 Parliament enacted CAA, 2019 under Article 11
of the Constitution
As oer the rules illegal migrants also treated as
citizens if they follow certain norms like
● they should be from Hindus, Sikhs,
Buddhists, Jains, Parsis, or Christians;
● they must be from Afghanistan,
Bangladesh, or Pakistan;
● they entered India on or before December
31, 2014;
● They are not in certain tribal areas of
Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram, or Tripura
included in the Sixth Schedule to the
Constitution, or areas under the “Inner
Line” permit, i.e., Arunachal Pradesh,
Mizoram, and Nagalan

first State in the country to pass a law Uttarakhand

on Uniform Civil Code.

Sixth Schedule. The people of Ladakh are protesting for Ladakh to

be recognized as a tribal area

New inclusions in Artemis Accord ● Recently, Slovenia & Sweden became the
39th & 38th Countries to sign Artemis
Accords respectively.
● On June 21,2023 India became the 27th
country to sign the Artemis Accords.

Supreme Court Legal Services Justice BR Gavai has been nominated as the
Committee (SCLSC) Chairman of the Supreme Court Legal Services
Committee (SCLSC) after replacing Justice Sanjiv
Khanna.

Thiruvalluvar Statue in France Thiruvalluvar commonly known as Valluvar was

an Indian poet and philosopher, and is regarded as
a cultural icon by Tamils.

Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1

 U N E S C O 2023 Prix Versailles Kempegowda International Airport (KIA)
Terminal 2, Bengaluru wins the UNESCO’s 2023
Prix Versailles award.

Oxford Word of the Year for 2023 1. “rizz,” is the word of the year for 2023.
2. Vax (2021),
3. Climate Emergency (2019), and, by
public vote for the first time,
4. Goblin Mode (2022)

Dinesh Goswami Committee (1990) suggested that the power of deciding the legal issue of
disqualification should not be left to the Speaker or Chairman of the House but to the
President or the Governor shall act on the advice of the Election Commission can impartially
decide cases of alleged defection.

Justice Usha Mehra Committee and Reclassification of Scheduled Castes

Report Recommendation (2008):
The Justice Usha Mehra Committee, in its 2008 report, addressed the issue of reclassification
within the Scheduled Caste category. The committee recommended an amendment to the
Indian Constitution.
● Amendment Proposal: The committee proposed the inclusion of Clause (3) in
Article 341.
● Empowerment for State Legislatures: This clause would empower state legislatures
to enact laws for reclassifying the Scheduled Caste category.
● Presidential Confirmation: However, such reclassification would be subject to
confirmation by the President of India.

Lokur Committee Criteria for Classifying Scheduled Tribes

Historical Context
● The Lokur Committee, established in 1965, formulated criteria for classifying
communities as Scheduled Tribes. These criteria continue to be used today.
Criteria
1. Primitive Traits
2. Distinctive Culture
3. Geographical Isolation
4. Shyness of Contact with the Community at Large
5. Backwardness

Shantilal Shah Committee and the MTP Act

Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1
1964: Formation of Shantilal Shah Committee
● Task: To examine abortion-related matters and the necessity of laws around abortion
in India.
● Recommendation: Liberalization of abortion laws to reduce unsafe abortions and
maternal mortality.
1971: Introduction and Passage of the MTP Act
● Introduction: The Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) Act was introduced and
passed by Parliament in August 1971, based on the recommendations of the Shantilal
Shah Committee.

● The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare has announced the formation of an expert
committee to review the implementation of the Ayushman Bharat-Pradhan Mantri Jan
Arogya Yojana (AB-PMJAY).The 16-member committee is chaired by Dr. V K Paul,
Member (Health) at NITI Aayog.

High-level Committee (HLC) on Simultaneous Elections

Context
● The High-level Committee (HLC), also known as the Kovind Panel, was constituted
in September 2023 to study the possibility of simultaneous elections to all three levels
of government.
Membership of the Panel
● The panel included the following members:
● Home Minister: Amit Shah
● Former Rajya Sabha Leader of Opposition: Ghulam Nabi Azad
● Former Lok Sabha Secretary General: Subhash C. Kashyap
● Former Chairman of the 15th Finance Commission: N. K. Singh
● Senior Advocate: Harish Salve
● Former Chief Vigilance Commissioner: Sanjay Kothari
● Law Minister: Arjun Ram Meghwal (Special Invitee)
Recommendations of the HLC
● The HLC unanimously endorsed the idea of simultaneous elections and recommended
the way forward in their report.
Kovind Committee Report on One Nation One Election
Amendments to the Constitution
● The report recommended amendments to:
● Article 83: Deals with the duration of the Lok Sabha.
● Article 172: Deals with the duration of a state Assembly.
● Notably, these amendments do not require the state’s ratification.
Two-Step Process
1. Elections for Lok Sabha and State Assemblies:
● In the first step, simultaneous elections will be held for the Lok Sabha and
State Assemblies.
2. Elections to Local Bodies:
● In the second step, elections to municipalities and the panchayats will be
synchronized with elections to the Lok Sabha and State Assemblies.

Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1

 ● These elections must be held within 100 days of the elections to the Lok Sabha
and state assemblies.
● This step will require ratification by at least one-half of the states.
Appointment of Lokpal Chairperson and Members
Recent Appointment
● The President of India has appointed former Supreme Court Judge Justice A.M.
Khanwilkar as the Chairperson of the Lokpal.
More on the News
● The government has also appointed six members:
Three Judicial Members:
● Former Himachal Pradesh High Court Chief Justice Lingappa Narayana
Swamy
● Former Allahabad High Court Chief Justice Sanjay Yadav
● Law Commission Chairperson Ritu Raj Awasthi
● Three Non-Judicial Members:
● Former Chief Election Commissioner Sushil Chandra
● Former Chief Secretary of Gujarat Pankaj Kumar
● Former Rural Development Secretary Ajay Tirkey
About the Lokpal
● The word “Lokpal” is derived from the Sanskrit word “loka” meaning people and
“pala” meaning protector of people.
Legislation
● Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act 2013: The Act was passed in 2013, establishing the
Lokpal as a statutory body.
● The Lokpal and Lokayuktas (Amendment) Act, 2016: This Act amended the original
Lokpal and Lokayukta Act, 2013.
Appointment Process
● Section 4 of the Act: The Chairperson and Members are appointed by the President
after obtaining the recommendations of a Selection Committee consisting of:
● The Prime Minister (Chairperson)
● The Speaker of the House of the People
● The Leader of Opposition in the House of the People
● The Chief Justice of India or a Judge of the Supreme Court nominated by him
● One eminent jurist, as recommended by the Chairperson and Members
(referred above), to be nominated by the President
Composition of Lokpal
● The Lokpal is a multi-member body consisting of one chairperson and a maximum of
eight members.
Appointment of Election Commissioners
Recent Appointments
● Gyanesh Kumar and Sukhbir Singh Sandhu have been appointed as Election
Commissioners by the President of India on the recommendation of a high-powered
panel chaired by the Prime Minister.
More on the News

Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1

 ● This is the first time Election Commissioners have been appointed under the new
Chief Election Commissioner and other Election Commissioners (Appointment,
Conditions of Service and Term of Office) Act, 2023, passed in December 2023.
Appointment Process
● Selection Committee for Appointments:
● The President will appoint the Chief Election Commissioner and other
Election Commissioners based on the recommendation of a Selection
Committee comprising:
● The Prime Minister
● A Union Cabinet Minister
● The Leader of the Opposition or the leader of the largest opposition
party in the Lok Sabha
Dr. Mohan Singh Mehta committee appointed in 1973, mooted the idea of the establishment
of a Farm Science Centre (Krishi Vigyan Kendra) in the Country. o The first KVK was
established in 1974 at Puducherry under the Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU),
Coimbatore.

Important awards

S.No Award Significance

Bharat Ratna Award 1. P. V. Narasimha Rao, Chaudhary Charan

Singh, MS Swaminathan, L.K.Advani,
Kappori Thakur recieved highest civilian
award Bharat Ratna for 2024.
2. Started by former President Dr. Rajendra
Prasad on January 2, 1954.
3. : Dr. Sarvapalli Radhakrishnan, Dr. CV
Raman, and Chakravarti Rajagopalachari were
the first recipients of the Bharat Ratna in 1964.
4. first sportsperson to be honored with the
award was Sachin Tendulkar in 2014.
5. A maximum of three awards can be given
each year, with an exception occurring this
year 2024 and in 1999 when five and four
individuals received the honor respectively.

PADMA AWARDS Padma Awards, which were instituted in the year

1954
Padma Vibhushan for exceptional and distinguished
service o Padma Bhushan for distinguished service of
a high order o Padma Shri for distinguished service
The Padma Award Committee is headed by the
Cabinet Secretary and includes Home Secretary,
Secretary to the President and four to six eminent
persons as members Recommendations are then

Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1

 submitted to the Prime Minister and the President of
India for approval.

This year’s tally of five awardees, one more than the four announced in 1999, are announced
for Bharat Ratna.
● Late Indian agricultural scientist MS Swaminathan,
● Former PM PV Narasimha Rao,
● Veteran politician Lal Krishna Advani,
● Former PM Chaudhary Charan Singh, and
● Former CM of Bihar Karpoori Thaku

S. No. Name Awarded In

1 Shri Chakravarti Rajagopalachari (1878-1972) 1954
2 Dr. Sarvapalli Radhakrishnan (1888-1975) 1954
3 Dr. Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman (1888-1970) 1954
4 Dr. Bhagwan Das (1869-1958) 1955
5 Dr. Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya (1861-1962) 1955
6 Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru (1889-1964) 1955
7 Pt. Govind Ballabh Pant (1887-1961) 1957
8 Dr. Dhondo Keshav Karve (1858-1962) 1958
9 Dr. Bidhan Chandra Roy (1882-1962) 1961
10 Shri Purushottam Das Tandon (1882-1962) 1961
11 Dr. Rajendra Prasad (1884-1963) 1962
12 Dr. Zakir Husain (1897-1969) 1963
13 Dr. Pandurang Vaman Kane (1880-1972) 1963
14 Shri Lal Bahadur Shastri (Posthumous) (1904-1966) 1966
15 Smt. Indira Gandhi (1917-1984) 1971
16 Shri Varahagiri Venkata Giri (1894-1980) 1975
17 Shri Kumaraswamy Kamraj (Posthumous) (1903-1975) 1976
18 Mother Mary Teresa Bojaxhiu (Mother Teresa) (1910-1997) 1980
19 Shri Acharya Vinoba Bhave (Posthumous) (1895-1982) 1983
20 Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan (1890-1988) 1987
21 Shri Marudur Gopalan Ramachandran (Posthumous) (1917-1987) 1988
22 Dr. Bhim Rao Ramji Ambedkar (Posthumous) (1891-1956) 1990
23 Dr. Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela (1918-2013) 1990
24 Shri Rajiv Gandhi (Posthumous) (1944-1991) 1991
25 Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel (Posthumous) (1875-1950) 1991
26 Shri Morarji Ranchhodji Desai (1896-1995) 1991
Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1
 27 Maulana Abul Kalam Azad (Posthumous) (1888-1958) 1992
28 Shri Jehangir Ratanji Dadabhai Tata (1904-1993) 1992
29 Shri Satyajit Ray (1922-1992) 1992
30 Shri Gulzarilal Nanda (1898-1998) 1997
31 Smt. Aruna Asaf Ali (Posthumous) (1909-1996) 1997
32 Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam (1931-2015) 1997
33 Smt. Madurai Shanmukhavadivu Subbulakshmi (1916-2005) 1998
34 Shri Chidambaram Subramaniam (1910-2000) 1998
35 Shri Jayaprakash Narayan (Posthumous) (1902-1979) 1999
36 Professor Amartya Sen (b-1933) 1999
37 Lokpriya Gopinath Bordoloi (Posthumous) (1890-1950) 1999
38 Pandit Ravi Shankar (1920-2012) 1999
39 Sushri Lata Dinanath Mangeshkar (b-1929) 2001
40 Ustad Bismillah Khan (1916-2006) 2001
41 Pandit Bhimsen Gururaj Joshi (1922-2011) 2009
42 Prof. C. N. R. Rao (b-1934) 2014
43 Shri Sachin Ramesh Tendulkar (b-1973) 2014
44 Shri Atal Bihari Vajpayee (1924-2018) 2015
45 Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya (Posthumous) (1861-1946) 2015
46 Shri Nanaji Deshmukh (Posthumous) (1916-2010) 2019
47 Dr. Bhupendra Kumar Hazarika (Posthumous) (1926-2011) 2019
48 Shri Pranab Mukherjee (b-1935) 2019

M. S. Swaminathan: Father of the Green Revolution

Early Life and Influences
● Born: August 7, 1925, Kumbakonam, Madras Presidency (present-day Tamil Nadu)
● Died: 2023 (age 98)
● Deeply influenced by Mahatma Gandhi's principles and India's struggle for
independence
Shift to Agriculture
● Initially aimed for a medical career
● Witnessing the Bengal Famine of 1942-43 shifted his focus to agriculture
Contribution to Indian Agriculture
● Father of the Green Revolution: Played a pivotal role in the advancements of Indian
agriculture during the 1960s and 70s.
● These advancements significantly contributed to achieving food security for India.

P. V. Narasimha Rao

Early Life and Education

● P. V. Narasimha Rao was born on 28th June 1921 in the Warangal district of
present-day Telangana, then part of the erstwhile Nizam's Hyderabad state. He was an

Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1

 Indian lawyer, statesman, and politician who served as the 9th Prime Minister of
India. He completed a master’s degree in law from Nagpur University.
Literary Contributions
● In the 1940s, along with his distant cousin Sadasiva Rao, Ch. Raja Narendra, and
Damodar Rao, P. V. edited a Telugu weekly magazine called Kakatiya Patrika. Both P.
V. and Sadasiva Rao contributed articles under the pen name Jaya-Vijaya. He also
published ‘SahasraPhan’, a Hindi translation of the famous Telugu Novel ‘Veyi
Padagalu’.
Academic and Early Political Involvement
● P. V. Narasimha Rao served as the Chairman of the Telugu Academy in Andhra
Pradesh from 1968 to 1974. He was a freedom fighter, academician, and literary
figure. During the Indian Independence movement, he was an active participant in the
Vande Mataram movement in 1938 in the Hyderabad State.
Political Career
● He joined full-time politics after independence as a member of the Indian National
Congress (INC). He served as an MLA for Andhra Pradesh State Assembly from
1957 to 1977 and became the Chief Minister (CM) of Andhra Pradesh in 1971.
During his tenure, he implemented land reforms and land ceiling acts and secured
reservations for lower castes. President’s rule had to be imposed to counter the Jai
Andhra movement during his tenure. He served as an MP, Lok Sabha from Andhra
Pradesh and handled several portfolios, including Home, Defence, and Foreign
Affairs (1980-1984, 1988-1989).
Prime Ministership
● P. V. Narasimha Rao was the first person outside the Nehru–Gandhi family to serve as
PM for five continuous years and the first from Southern India. He nearly retired from
politics in 1991 but returned as INC President (1991-1996) after the assassination of
Rajiv Gandhi. He broke the convention by appointing Manmohan Singh as his
Finance Minister and Subramanian Swamy, an opposition party member, as the
Chairman of the Commission on Labour Standards and International Trade. He also
sent opposition leader Atal Bihari Vajpayee to represent India at a UN meeting in
Geneva.
Economic Reforms
● P. V. Narasimha Rao is often referred to as the ‘Father of Indian Economic Reforms’.
Inherited an economy on the brink of bankruptcy in 1991, he initiated economic
liberalisation policies to dismantle the license raj, reduce red tape, and make Indian
industries more competitive. He aimed to make the economy more market- and
service-oriented and expand the role of private and foreign investment.
Foreign Policy
● In foreign policy, he established diplomatic relations with Israel and initiated the Look
East Policy of India. He is also known for reversing decades of unfriendly relations
between India and the United States, bringing the two nations closer together.
● Constitutional Reforms
● During his tenure, the 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments Act empowering
local bodies were enacted.
● This structured format emphasizes key points and makes it easier to remember the
significant contributions and events associated with P. V. Narasimha Rao for UPSC
preparation.

Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1

Padma Awards 2024

About the Awards

● One of the highest civilian Awards of India.
● Conferred in three categories:
○ Padma Vibhushan (Exceptional and distinguished service)
○ Padma Bhushan (Distinguished service of high order)
○ Padma Shri (Distinguished service in any field)
● Awarded in various fields including art, social work, science, sports, etc.
● Announced annually on Republic Day.
2024 Awards
● A total of 132 Padma Awards conferred by the President of India.
● This includes 2 duo cases (counted as one award).
● Breakdown of awards:
○ Padma Vibhushan: 5
○ Padma Bhushan: 17
○ Padma Shri: 110
● Awardees include:
○ 30 women
○ 8 persons from the category of Foreigners/NRI/PIO/OCI
○ 9 Posthumous awardees
Padma Vibushan
S
N Name Field State/Region/Country
1 Ms. Vyjayantimala Bali Art Tamil Nadu
2 Shri Konidela Chiranjeevi Art Andhra Pradesh
3 Shri M Venkaiah Naidu Public Affairs Andhra Pradesh
Shri Bindeshwar Pathak
4 (Posthumous) Social Work Bihar
5 Ms. Padma Subrahmanyam Art Tamil Nadu

Padma Bushan-2024

SN Name Field State/Region/Country

Public
6 Ms. M Fathima Beevi (Posthumous) Affairs Kerala
Literature &
Education -
7 Shri Hormusji N Cama Journalism Maharashtra
8 Shri Mithun Chakraborty Art West Bengal

Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1

 Trade &
9 Shri Sitaram Jindal Industry Karnataka
Trade &
10 Shri Young Liu Industry Taiwan
11 Shri Ashwin Balachand Mehta Medicine Maharashtra
Shri Satyabrata Mookherjee Public
12 (Posthumous) Affairs West Bengal
Public
13 Shri Ram Naik Affairs Maharashtra
14 Shri Tejas Madhusudan Patel Medicine Gujarat
Public
15 Shri Olanchery Rajagopal Affairs Kerala
Shri Dattatray Ambadas Mayaloo alias
16 Rajdutt Art Maharashtra
Others -
17 Shri Togdan Rinpoche (Posthumous) Spiritualism Ladakh
18 Shri Pyarelal Sharma Art Maharashtra
19 Shri Chandreshwar Prasad Thakur Medicine Bihar
20 Ms. Usha Uthup Art West Bengal
21 Shri Vijaykanth (Posthumous) Art Tamil Nadu
Literature &
Education -
22 Shri Kundan Vyas Journalism Maharashtra

Padma Shri Awardees-2024 from Telangana

1 Shri Kethavath Somlal Literature & Telangana

Education
2 Shri Kurella Vittalacharya Literature & Telangana
Education
3 Shri Dasari Kondappa Art Telangana
4 Shri A Velu Ananda Chari Art Telangana
5 Shri Gaddam Sammaiah Art Telangana

List of Nobel Prize 2023

Field Nobel Prize Winners Awarded For

Physiology/Medici Katalin Kariko and Drew mRNA Vaccines
ne Weissman

Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1

 Physics Pierre Agostini, Ferenc Electron dynamics in matter
Krausz and Anne L’Huillier
Chemistry Moungi Bawendi, Louis Discovery and synthesis of
Brus and Alexei Ekimov quantum dots
Literature Jon Fosse For his innovative plays and prose
which give voice to the unsayable

Peace Narges Mohammadi Fight against women's oppression

in Iran
Economic Sciences Claudia Goldin Gender Gap in labour market

96th Academy Awards or Oscars 2024

Organiser: The Academy Awards are organised by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and
Sciences (AMPAS). The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences was established in
1927

Award Winner Film

Best Picture Oppenheimer -
Best Actor Cillian Murphy Oppenheimer
Best Actress Emma Stone Poor Things
Best Director Christopher Nolan Oppenheimer
Best Supporting Actor Robert Downey Jr Oppenheimer

Jnanpith Award Recipients- 2024

Renowned Urdu poet Gulzar and Sanskrit scholar Jagadguru Rambhadracharya have been
named the recipients of the 58th Jnanpith Award.
More on the News
● Second time for Sanskrit: This is the second time the Jnanpith Award has been given
to Sanskrit.
● Fifth time for Urdu: This is the fifth time the award has been given for Urdu.
● Previous recipient: Goan writer Damodar Mauzo received the prestigious award for
2022.
About Jnanpith Award
● Establishment: Established in 1944, it was instituted in 1961, and the first award was
given in 1965.
● Sponsored by: The cultural organization Bharatiya Jnanpith.
● Eligibility: Open only to Indian citizens.
● Highest Literary Award in India: Given annually for outstanding contributions to
Indian literature.

Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1

 ● Languages: Awarded for creative literary writing in any of the 22
constitutionally recognized Scheduled Languages, and since 2013, also in
English.
● Honor: The prize includes a cash award of Rs 21 lakh, a citation, and a bronze replica
of Vagdevi (Saraswati), the goddess of learning.
About Jagadguru Rambhadracharya
● Founder and Head: Tulsi Peeth in Chitrakoot.
● Renowned Hindu spiritual leader, educator, and writer of more than 240 books and
texts, including four epics.
● Famous Literary Works: Śrīrāghavakṛpābhāṣyam, Bhṛṅgadūtam, Aṣṭāvakra.
● Polyglot: Speaks 22 languages and writes in Sanskrit, Hindi, Awadhi, and Maithili.
● Personal Life: Named Giridhara Misra, he lost his eyesight at the age of two months
due to trachoma.
● Earlier Achievements:
● Received the Padma Vibhushan award in 2015.
● One of the four Jagadguru Ramanandacharyas of the Ramananda sect since
1982.
About Gulzar
● Full Name: Sampooran Singh Kalra, popularly known as Gulzar.
● Renowned for: His works in Hindi cinema and is considered one of the era’s finest
Urdu poets.
● Innovative Poetry: Invented a new genre, ‘Triveni’, a non-muqaffa poem of three
lines.
● Earlier Achievements:
● Sahitya Akademi Award for Urdu in 2002.
● Dadasaheb Phalke Award in 2013.
● Padma Bhushan in 2004.
● At least five National Film Awards for his works.
● Oscar Award in 2009 and Grammy Award in 2010 for the song “Jai Ho” for
the film Slumdog Millionaire.
●
Swachh Survekshan Awards 2023
Recently, the President of India conferred the Swachh Survekshan Awards 2023 at Bharat
Mandapam, New Delhi. During the Annual Clean City Award 2023, Surat in Gujarat and
Indore in Madhya Pradesh were announced as the cleanest cities in the nation.
What is Swachh Survekshan?
● Annual Survey: Swachh Survekshan is an annual survey of cleanliness, hygiene, and
sanitation in villages, cities, and towns across India.
● Part of Swachh Bharat Abhiyan: Specifically under Swachh Bharat Abhiyan - Urban
(SBA-Urban).
● Launched by: The Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA).
● Implementation Partner: Quality Council of India (QCI).
● Assessment Methodology: Relies on two primary criteria:
● Citizen Feedback
● Field Assessment
About Swachh Survekshan Awards 2023

Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1

 ● Cleanest City:
● Indore: Recognized as the cleanest city for the seventh consecutive time.
● Surat: Declared the cleanest city for the first time.
● Theme of Survey:
● 2023 Theme: ‘Waste to Wealth’.
● 2024 Theme: ‘Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle’.

Annual Startup Awards 2022

Context
Gujarat, Kerala, and Karnataka have emerged as the best-performing states in developing
startup ecosystems, as per the States’ Startup Ranking 2022.
About Annual Startup Awards 2022
Objective: To recognize and reward outstanding startups with high potential for employment
generation or wealth creation, demonstrating measurable social impact.
Release of Ranking: The ranking for the states and union territories has been released by the
Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT) under the Commerce
Ministry.
Participating States: Total of 33 states and UTs.
Category: The ranking is divided into five categories:
● Best Performers
● Top Performers
● Leaders
● Aspiring Leaders
● Emerging Startup Ecosystems
Best Performing States:
Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1
 ● Gujarat
● Kerala
● Karnataka
● Tamil Nadu
These states have ranked as best-performing states in the startup ranking for 2022 based on
their initiatives taken to develop the startup ecosystem for promoting budding entrepreneurs.
Top Performers:
● Maharashtra
● Odisha
● Punjab
● Rajasthan
● Telangana
Tamil Nadu (Kudavolai System in ancient Tamil Nadu – Mother of Democracy) bagged third
best tableaux awards for Republic Day Parade 2024.
Best Marching Contingent among the three services – Sikh Regiment Contingent
Best Marching Contingent among CAPF/other auxiliary forces – Delhi Police Women
Marching Contingent

Best three Tableaux (States/UTs) on Republic Day

First – Odisha (Woman Empowerment in Viksit Bharat)
Second – Gujrat (Dhordo : A Global Icon Of Gujarat’s Border Tourism)
Third – Tamil Nadu (Kudavolai System in ancient Tamil Nadu – Mother of Democracy)
Best Tableau (Ministries/Departments) – Ministry of Culture – (Bharat : Mother of
Democracy)
Special Prize – Central Public Works Department (Central Vista -Viksit Bharat Ka
Pratibimb)
Special memento to ‘Vande Bharatam’ – Dance Group

National Sports Awards

The National Sports Awards are the pinnacle of sporting honours in the Republic of India.
These awards are administered by the Ministry of Youth Affairs & Sports, Government of
India.
Categories
The six categories of the National Sports Awards are:
1. Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna Award
2. Arjuna Award
3. Dronacharya Award
4. Major Dhyan Chand Award
5. Maulana Abul Kalam Azad Rolling Trophy (MAKA Trophy)
6. Rashtriya Khel Protsahan Puruskar

Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna Award 2023

Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1
 S. Name of the Sportsperson Discipline
No.
1. Shri Chirag Chandrashekhar Shetty Badminton
2. Shri Rankireddy Satwik Sai Raj Badminton

Arjuna Awards for outstanding performance in Sports and Games 2023

S. Name of the Sportsperson Discipline
No.
1. Shri Ojas Pravin Deotale Archery
2. Ms Aditi Gopichand Swami Archery
3. Shri Sreeshankar M Athletics
4. Ms Parul Chaudhary Athletics
5. Shri Mohameed Hussamuddin Boxing
6. Ms R Vaishali Chess
7. Shri Mohammed Shami Cricket
8. Shri Anush Agarwalla Equestrian
9. Ms Divyakriti Singh Equestrian Dressage
10. Ms Diksha Dagar Golf
11. Shri Krishan Bahadur Pathak Hockey
12. Ms Pukhrambam Sushila Chanu Hockey
13. Shri Pawan Kumar Kabaddi
14. Ms Ritu Negi Kabaddi
15. Ms Nasreen Kho-Kho
16. Ms Pinki Lawn Bowls
17. Shri Aishwary Pratap Singh Tomar Shooting
18. Ms Esha Singh Shooting
19. Shri Harinder Pal Singh Sandhu Squash
20. Ms Ayhika Mukherjee Table Tennis
21. Shri Sunil Kumar Wrestling
22. Ms Antim Wrestling
23. Ms Naorem Roshibina Devi Wushu
24. Ms Sheetal Devi Para Archery
25. Shri Illuri Ajay Kumar Reddy Blind Cricket
26. Ms Prachi Yadav Para Canoeing

Dronacharya Award for outstanding coaches in Sports and Games 2023

Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1
 S. No. Name of the Coach Discipline

1. Shri Lalit Kumar Wrestling

2. Shri R. B. Ramesh Chess

3. Shri Mahaveer Prasad Saini Para Athletics

4. Shri Shivendra Singh Hockey

5. Shri Ganesh Prabhakar Devrukhkar Mallakhamb

Life Time Category

S. Name of the Sportsperson Discipline

No.
1. Ms Manjusha Kanwar Badminton
2. Shri Vineet Kumar Sharma Hockey
3. Ms Kavitha Selvaraj Kabaddi

Few Important Current Affairs

1. In 1960, MCC was first introduced in state assembly elections in Kerala.
2. Meghalaya is the first state to operationalize a social audit law
3. Bhutan is the world's first carbon negative country
4. First private sector facilities for the manufacture of ammunition and missiles opened
in Kanpur (UP) and the other defence corridor is in Tamil Nadu
5. Naval Detachment Minicoy has been commissioned in Indian Navy as INS Jatayu and
it is India's second naval base in Lakshadweep after INS Dweeprakshak in Kavaratti.
6. • INS Sandhyak, first Survey Vessel Large (SVL) Ship, commissioned into Indian
Navy in Visakhapatanam
7. India's First City-Specific Zero Carbon Buildings Action Plan (ZCBAP) launched in
Nagpur.
8. India's first National Dolphin Research Centre (NDRC) was recently inaugurated in
Patna, Bihar
9. PTR becomes India’s first international Dark Sky Park for protecting night sky,
preventing light pollution and promote astronomy, Location: Satpura hills in Madhya
Pradesh
10. • The first ever herpetofaunal (reptiles and amphibians) survey has been conducted in
the Core Area of the Mudumalai Tiger Reserve (MTR) MTR, Tamilnadu
11. MoEFCC has submitted its first proposals for Wetland City Accreditation (WCA)
under the Ramsar Convention for the cities of Indore, Bhopal and Udaipur
12. GAIL (India) Limited sets up India’s first Small Scale Liquefied Natural Gas
(SSLNG) unit at Vijaipur, Madhya

Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1

13. The Prime Minister launched India's first indigenous green hydrogen fuel cell inland
waterway vessel as part of the Harit Nauka initiative, Cochin Shipyard manufactured
the vessel.
14. IIT Delhi created the first hi-resolution Indian Landslide Susceptibility Map (ILSM).
15. Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES) inaugurated the first phase of Atmospheric
Research Testbed in Central India (ART-CI) in Madhya Pradesh.
16. India has conducted the first human clinical trial of gene therapy for Haemophilia A
(FVIII deficiency) at Christian Medical College (CMC) Vellore (Tamil Nadu).
17. FIRST Cancer Care in Meghalaya: Developed on the lines of FIRST Healthcare
(Fourth Industrial Revolution for Sustainable Transformation of Healthcare)
18. In a first for India, Centre for Development of Telematics (C-DOT) and Physical
Research Laboratory (PRL) demonstrated integration of C-DOT’s indigenous
Fibre-based Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) system with PRL’s Free Space QKD.
19. Havisure-India’s first indigenously developed Hepatitis A vaccine,Developed by
Indian Immunologicals Ltd (IIL), a wholly-owned subsidiary of National Dairy
Development Board (NDDB).
20. Cameroon becomes the first country to routinely administer Mosquirix, the world's
first malaria vaccine program for children.
21. Indian Navy unveiled India’s first indigenously manufactured Unmanned Aerial
Vehicle (UAV) called Drishti 10 Starliner.
22. First ever Nuclear Energy Summit was held at Brussels (Belgium)
23. World’s first vedic clock, 'Vikramaditya Vedic Clock' which is based on Indian
‘panchang’ calculations was inaugurated and this Clock is located within Jantar
Mantar in Ujjain (Madhya Pradesh) which is an observatory built by Sawai Jai Singh
II of Jaipur in early 18th century
24. Uttarakhand became the first State in the country to pass a law on Uniform Civil Code
25. The people of Ladakh are protesting for Ladakh to be recognized as a tribal area
under the Sixth Schedule.
26. The 77th Cannes Film Festival gave Best Actress to Anasuya Sengupta for her part in
“The Shameless.” She is a very good actress from Kolkata.
27. IIT Guwahati, Columbia University Developed an Optical Nanopatterning Process
28.Prof. Shrinivas R. Kulkarni, an Indian-origin astronomer based in the US,
bagged the prestigious 2024 Shaw Prize in Astronomy. He is recognized as a
pioneer in the study of millisecond pulsars.
29. World Economic Forum's Travel & Tourism Development Index (TTDI)
Ranking:
India secured the 39th position in the 2024 TTDI, reflecting a significant
improvement from its previous rank of 54th in 2021.
30.Mysore Paints and Varnish Ltd (MPVL), the only authorized manufacturer of
indelible ink in India, has secured its largest ever order from the Election
Commission. The order comprises 26.55 lakh vials of indelible ink markers.The
indelible ink used in elections contains silver nitrate as a key component.
31. 4th edition of the SCO Startup Forum was organized in New Delhi.
32. The African Union launched the Africa Club (Alliance of African Multilateral
Financial Institutions - AAMFI) during its 37th Summit.
33. India’s first Healthy and Hygienic Food street at Ujjain, Madhya
Pradesh-PRASADAM
Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1
 34. Committee to examine SC sub-categorisation which is headed by Rajiva Gauba
35. India’s first Graphene Centre (India Innovation Centre of Graphene) at Makers
Village Kochi, Kerala

Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI), 2023

India's Ranking
● India's Rank: 93 out of 180 countries in 2023.
● Previous Rank: India was ranked 85 in 2022.
About CPI
● Released by: Transparency International
● Purpose: Ranks countries and territories by their perceived levels of public sector
corruption.
● Scale: Ranges from 0 (highly corrupt) to 100 (very clean).
Top Rankings in 2023
● 1st Rank: Denmark
● Followed by: Finland, New Zealand, and Norway.

Important Summits and themes

19th Summit of the held in Kampala, Uganda

Non-Aligned Movement Theme of the summit: 'Deepening Cooperation
(NAM) for Shared Global Affluence'
South Sudan became the new member(121st)
of NAM

Nuclear Energy Summit First ever Nuclear Energy Summit was held at
Brussels (Belgium). • Hosted by: International
Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and the
Belgian government.

World Governments Summit Recently the Prime Minister of India

2024 participated in the World Governments
Summit in Dubai as Guest of Honour.
Theme of the Summit: Shaping the Future
Governments

49th Group of Seven (G7)

summit,

G20 summit India recently held the Presidency of the G20

summit for the first time at New Delhi

the theme “Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam” or “One

Earth, One Family, One Future”.

Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1

 Launch of the Global Biofuel Alliance (GBA)
to increase the consumption of biofuels.
MoU on India Middle East Europe Economic
Corridor (IMEC)
l inclusion of the African Union as a
permanent member of the G20
Establishment of the Start-up 20 Engagement
Group
Kashi Culture Pathway for the advancement
of culture
Presidency is supported by the Troika –current,
previous and incoming Presidency. ✓ In 2023,
the troika consists of India, Indonesia and
Brazil. ✓ In 2024, the troika will comprise
Brazil, India, and South Africa.

20th ASEAN-India Summit i the Prime Minister of India attended the 20th
ASEAN-India Summit in Jakarta, Indonesia.

15th BRICS summit BRICS group admitted five new members at

the 15th BRICS summit held in Johannesburg,
South Africa.

Current Members: Brazil, Russia, India, China,

South Africa, Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, Saudi
Arabia and the UAE.

Coalition for Disaster Resilient Prime Minister of India addressed the 6th
Infrastructure (CDRI) edition of International Conference on Disaster
Resilient Infrastructure (ICDRI) organized by
CDRI. o It is a multi-stakeholder global
partnership of national governments, UN
agencies and programmes, multilateral
development banks and financing mechanisms,
the private sector and academic institutions. It
addresses the challenges of building resilience
into infrastructure systems and development
associated with it. o It was launched during the
United Nations Climate Action Summit in
2019, at New York

HQ: New Delhi, India

Worlds's first ever Nuclear ● Brussels hosted a first-of-its-kind

Energy Summit Nuclear Energy Summit, billed as the

Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1

 most high-profile international meeting
on nuclear energy ever.
● To highlight the role of nuclear energy
in addressing the global challenges to
reduce the use of fossil fuels, enhance
energy security and boost economic
development.
● Organized by - International Atomic
Energy Agency (IAEA).

Important Issues

● India’s first Hypervelocity Expansion Tunnel Test Facility - IIT Kanpur

● The Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation (CDSCO) has granted marketing
authorisation approval to Immuno Adoptive Cell Therapy (ImmunoACT), an IIT
Bombay incubated company, for the first Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell (CAR-T
Cell) therapy product called NEXCAR19.
● IIT Bhilai and IIT Roorke signed an Memorandum of Understanding to promote
Indian Knowledge systems and contribute to socio-economic development in tribal
areas
● IIT Delhi creates first hi-resolution Indian Landslide Susceptibility App (ILSM)

Important Days of Environement:

Day Significance

International Day of celebrated on 21st March, 2024.

Forests
Theme: “Forests and innovation: newsolutions
for a better world”.

Status of Leopards in ● The fifth cycle leopard population

India estimation was carried out by the National
Tiger Conservation Authority and
Wildlife Institute of India, in collaboration
with State Forest Departments,
● India's leopard population is estimated at
13,874 (Range: 12,616 – 15,132)
● Central India shows a stable or slightly
growing population of leopards (2018:
8071, 2022: 8820), Shivalik hills and
Gangetic plains experienced decline
(2018: 1253, 2022: 1109)
States with largest population of leopards in the
country –
1. Madhya Pradesh-3907

Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1

 2. Maharashtra 1985;
3. Karnataka1,879 ;
4. Tamil Nadu 1,070;

World Wetlands Day ● World Wetlands Day is observed on 2nd

(WWD) 2024. February every year worldwide to
commemorate the signing of the Ramsar
Convention on Wetlands of International
Importance in 1971
● The theme of WWD-2024 is ‘Wetlands
and Human Wellbeing’
● Amrit Dharohar initiative-to promote
unique conservation values of the Ramsar
Sites in the country while generating
employment opportunities and supporting
local livelihoods
The countries with the most Ramsar Sites are the
United Kingdom with 175 and Mexico with 142.
● India has increased its tally of Ramsar
sites (Wetlands of International
Importance) to 80 from the existing 75 by
designating five more wetlands as Ramsar
sites.
● Ramsar Site certificates were given away
● Karaivetti Bird Sanctuary, Tamil
Nadu
● Longwood Shola Reserve Forest,
Tamil Nadu
● Magadi Kere Conservation
Reserve, Karnataka
● Ankasamudra Bird Conservation
Reserve, Karnataka
● Aghanashini Estuary, Karnataka

Indian Navy Day is ● The celebration of Indian Navy Day, on

celebrated on December 4 December 4 holds historical significance
as it commemorates ‘Operation Trident’
during the 1971 Indo-Pak War. z 2023
Theme: “Operational Efficiency,
Readiness, and Mission Accomplishment
in the Maritime Domain”.

National Voters Day Nothing Like Voting, I Vote For sure’ is the
(January 25) theme of National Voters’ Day 2024.

International Day of Theme: "Learning for lasting peace

Education 2024 (January
24)

Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1

 World Health Day, 2024 ● World Health Day is celebrated every year
on April 7, to commemorate the founding
anniversary of the World Health
Organization (WHO) in 1948.
● Theme, 2024 - ‘My Health, My Right.’

Important Sports News

S.No News Significance

Khelo India Youth Games ● Held at Chennai, Tamilnadu o

● Top Medal States : Maharashtra
followed by Tamilnadu
● (Telangana- 6th place with 24 medals)
● Squash got recently introduced in the
games

Khelo India Winter Games Ladakh and Jammu and Kashmir o Mascot –
Sheen-e She

The Khelo India Winter Games 2024 was

conducted in two phases. The first, from
February 2 to 6, was held in Leh, Ladakh
while the second was scheduled from
February 21 to 25, in Gulmarg, Jammu and
Kashmir.
The Indian Army team won the KIWG 2024
title, winning 10 gold, five silver and six
bronze. Karnataka won the silver with nine
gold medals and two silvers.
KIWG 2024 was the fourth edition of the
grassroots-level multi-sport competition
under the aegis of the Indian government’s
Khelo India programme. Started in 2020,
KIWG seeks to promote winter sports in the
country and has been met with widespread
enthusiasm over the years.
All three previous editions, in 2020, 2021 and
2023, were hosted and won by Jammu and
Kashmir. The Union Territory of Ladakh
made its debut as a host this year.

Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1

 India’s women Badminton team P V Sindhu and Anmol Kharb won first ever
gold medal at Asia Badminton Championship
2024 held in Malaysia

2036 Olympic Games ndian Prime Minister announced India's

intention to host the Olympic Games, ideally
in 2036 during the opening ceremony of the
141st International Olympic Committee
session in Mumbai.
■ China, South Korea, and Japan are the
only Asian countries to have hosted
the Olympics, with Japan having
hosted the games in both 1964 and
2020.

Rohan Bopanna wins Australian Rohan Bopanna created history, he became

Open men’s doubles title the oldest grand slam winner after teaming up
with his Australian partner Matthew Ebden

World Table Tennis Feeder Indian Star G Sathiyan has become the first
Series ever Indian to win a men’s singles trophy at a
World Table Tennis Feeder Series event at
Beirut, Lebanon

Sreeja Akula Sreeja Akula wins women’s singles title at

World Table Tennis 2024 in Beirut o India’s
Sreeja Akula bagged the women’s singles title
at the 2024 WTT Feeder II in Beirut,
Lebanon
Sreeja Akula, the Commonwealth Games
mixed doubles champion, replaced Manika
Batra as India’s top-ranked women’s
table-tennis player in the latest ITTF World
Rankings that was released

Indias Youngest Challenger in Gukesh Dommaraju has become the youngest

Chess History challenger for the World chess title, breaking
the 40-year-old record set by legendary Garry
Kasparov in 1984. He will face China's world
champion Ding Liren in the championship
match later this year, marking his first
challenger in the 74-year history of the
Candidates chess tournament.

Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1

Brief info on UNESCO Heritage Sites

UNESCO

● UNESCO stands for United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural

Organization.
● It is a specialized agency of the United Nations(UN).
● The constitution, which entered into force in 1946, called for the promotion of
international collaboration in education, science, and culture.
● Headquarter: Paris, France.
● Parent Organisation - United Nations Economic and Social Council
● Goal: The primary goals of UNESCO are to contribute to peace and security by
promoting collaboration among nations through education, science, and culture, and
to promote sustainable development and intercultural dialogue.

ELLORA CAVES

● Introduction: Ellora Caves represent a monumental complex of rock-cut temples,

monasteries, and shrines spanning Hindu, Buddhist, and Jain traditions,
showcasing remarkable architectural and artistic achievements.
● Ellora Caves:
● Location: It is located in the Aurangabad district, 100km away from Ajanta.It is
excavated from the basalt cliffs in the Charanandri Hills.
● Numbers: It is a group of 34 caves – 17 Brahmanical, 12 Buddhist and 5 Jain.
● Time Period: These caves were developed between the 5th and 11th centuries AD
(newer as compared to Ajanta caves).
● Themes: They have diversity in terms of theme and architectural styles.
● Features: Their pillars are massive. Ajanta also has excavated double-storeyed caves
but at Ellora, the triple-storey is a unique achievement.

● Buddhist Caves of Ellora: Icons, Symbolism, and Serenity

○ Images: The shrine Buddha images are big in size; they are generally guarded
by the images of Padmapani and Vajrapani.
○ The Buddhist caves have many images belonging to Vajrayana Buddhism, like
Tara, Mahamayuri, Akshobya, Avalokiteshwara, Maitreya, Amitabha etc.
○ Central Figure: The central figure is Buddha, found in three sagacious
postures: meditating (dhyana mudra), preaching (Vyakhyana mudra) and
touching the earth by the index finger of the right hand (bhumi-sparsha
mudra).
○ Buddhist caves represented goddesses by way of the carved images of Tara,
Khadiravani-tara, Chunda, Vajradhat-vishvari, Maha-mayuri, Sujata, Pandara
and Bhrikuti.
● Jaina Caves: Figures of Yaksha-matanga, Mahavira, Parsvanatha, and
Gomatesvara
● Vedic Religions: Exploring Kailasanatha and Beyond

Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1

 ● The earliest caves in these groups are modest and simple. Mostly, they are
square-shaped except for the Kailasanatha cave (cave-16).
Kailasanatha Temple (Cave-16)
1. It is a monolithic structure, carved out of a single solid rock. This temple is said to
represent Kailash, the abode of Lord Shiva.
2. The temple was built by Krishna I (756-773 AD) of the Rashtrakuta Dynasty.
3. The temple is two-storied, and the Kailasa temple is on the first one.
4. The lower storey has carved life-size elephants, which look like they are holding up
the temple on their backs.
5. The temple exterior has images of Shaivite and Vaishnavite deities.
6. The courtyard has two huge pillars with the flagstaff and a Nandi mandapa.
7. The wedding ceremony of Siva-Parvati, the attempted lifting of the Kailash mountain
by Ravana, and the destruction of Mahishasura by the goddess Durga are beautiful
sculptures.
8. An interesting sculpture is that of the river goddess Ganga mounted on a crocodile
and the river goddess Yamuna mounted on a tortoise.
9. Among the Shaivite themes, Ravana shaking Mount Kailash, Andhakasurvadha, and
Kalyanasundara are profusely depicted, whereas among the Vaishnavite themes, the
different avatars of Vishnu are depicted.
Agra Fort
● It is a large 16th-century fortress of red sandstone located on the Yamuna River in
the historic city of Agra, west-central Uttar Pradesh.
● It is about 5 km northwest of its more famous sister monument, the TajMahal.
● It was built under the commission of Emperor Akbar in 1565.
● It was only during the reign of Akbar’s grandson, Shah Jahan, that the site took on its
current state.
● It was the main residence of the emperors of the Mughal Dynasty till 1638, when the
capital was shifted from Agra to Delhi.
● Among the major attractions in the fort is
Jahāngīr’s Palace (Jahāngīri Mahal), built
by Akbar as a private palace for his son
Jahāngir.
● Features:
● The fort is crescent-shaped, with a long,
nearly straight wall facing the Yamuna
river on the east side.
● The fort houses a maze of buildings,
including vast underground sections.
● The outer wall is surrounded by a wide
and deep moat on three sides.
● The Agra Fort has four main gateways- the Khizri Gate, Amar Singh Gate, Delhi Gate
and Ghazni Gate.
● Moti Masjid, Diwan-i-aam & Diwan -i-khas by Shah Jahan.
● The gardens inside the fort are built using the CHARBAGH STYLE.
The fort complex was designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1983.

Taj Mahal
Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1
 ● The Taj Mahal (Agra) is a mausoleum of white marble built by the Mughal emperor,
Shahjahan in memory of his wife Mumtaz Mahal. It stands on the banks of the river
Yamuna.
● The Taj Mahal is considered the finest example of Indo-Islamic architecture.
● It was designed by Ustad Ahmad Lahori and built in white marble inlaid with
precious and semi-precious stones.
● The tomb is surrounded by four free-standing minarets. The complex also includes
the main gate, a mosque, a guesthouse, and surrounding gardens.
● The construction of the Taj Mahal was completed within a period of 17 years from
1631 to 1648 AD.
● The Taj Mahal was declared a centrally protected monument of national importance in
December 1920.
● Considered as one of the Seven Wonders of the World, it was inscribed on the list of
World Heritage Sites in 1983.

● It is famous for its unique layout, perfection in symmetry and inlay work.

The Taj Trapezium Zone case and increasing pollution

● SC in M.C. Mehta case (1996): In order to protect the monument from pollution, the
central government had demarcated an area of 10,400 sq km around the Taj, called the
Taj Trapezium Zone (TTZ).

Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1

● It also directed the 292 industries operating in the zone to switch to natural gas as an
industrial fuel or relocate from their area.
● In 2010, a report submitted by the National Environmental Engineering Research
Institute (NEERI) found that despite various government schemes to reduce pollution
in the TTZ area, the iconic Taj Mahal continued to face a threat from water and air
pollution.

Konark Sun Temple

● The Konark Sun Temple, dedicated to the sun God or Surya, is located in the eastern
state of Odisha near the sacred city of Puri. It is a massive representation of Surya's
chariot, which has 24 wheels with symbolic designs and is drawn by a team of seven
horses.
● The temple, which was designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1984, was
constructed in 1250 during the reign of Eastern Ganga King Narasimhadeva-I. (A.D.
1238-64). On each side of the Konark sun temple, there are two rows of 12 wheels.
Some people believe the wheels represent the 24 hours in a day, while others
believe they represent the 12 months. The number 24 represents the 24 fortnights in
a year as well as the 24 hours of the day, which is also represented by Ashok Chakra
in the Indian flag's centre.
➔ Features:
◆ It is a classic example of the Odisha style of Architecture or Kalinga
Architecture.
◆ The Orissa style is thought to represent the Nagara style in its purest form.
The nagara was one of three styles of Hindu temple architecture in India, and
it predominated in northern India, while the dravida style predominated in the
south, and the vesara style predominated in central and eastern India.
◆ The word 'Konark' is made up of two Sanskrit words: kona (corner or angle)
and arka (angle) (the sun).
◆ The temple complex has the appearance of a 100-foot high solar chariot, with
24 wheels and pulled by Seven horses, all carved from stone.
◆ It is oriented towards the east so that the first rays of the sunrise strike the
main entrance.
◆ The wheels of the temple are sundials, which can be used to calculate time
accurately to a minute.
◆ Around the base of the temple, there are images of animals, foliage, warriors
on horses and other interesting structures.
◆ On the walls and roof of the temple, beautiful sensual figures are carved.
◆ The temple, built from Khondalite rocks, is also known as'BLACK
PAGODA' due to its dark colour.
◆ The temple remains a site of contemporary worship for Hindus, during the
annual Chandrabhaga Festival, around the month of February.(The
Chandrabhaga Mela is a very popular festival for the people of Odisha. It is
celebrated on the seventh day of the month of Magha and that is why it is
also called the Magha Saptami Mela.)

Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1

 ◆ The deul, or sanctum, which houses the deity and is covered by a shikhara,
and the jagana-mohana, or assembly hall, are the two main characteristics of
the Orissa style.
➔ The reverse side of the Rs. 10 denomination note features the image of the Konark
Sun Temple.
➔ The Golden Triangle of Odisha, a major pilgrimage route for Hindus, is completed by
Konark, Puri and Bhubaneswar.
➔ The temple was initially constructed at the mouth of the river Chandrabhaga, which
has since receded.

➔ The temple was constructed using Khondalite rocks, a type of Metamorphic rocks.
Group of Monuments at Mahabalipuram
● It is a historic temple complex located in Mamallapuram (Mahabalipuram).
Mamallapuram, also called Mahabalipuram or Seven Pagodas, is a town that lies
along the Coromandel Coast of the Bay of Bengal, 60 km south of Chennai,Tamil
Nadu.
● The town’s religious centre was founded by a 7th-century Hindu Pallava
King—Narasimhavarman, also known as Mamalla—for whom the town was named.
● It was built probably in the reign of Narasimhavarman II, also known as Rajasimha
(Pallava ruler) who reigned from 700 to 728 CE.

Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1

 ● Shore Temple is one among a number of Hindu monuments at Mahabalipuram, on
the Coromandel Coast of Tamil Nadu.It is dedicated to Lord Shiva and Lord Vishnu.
● It is one of the oldest structural excellence (rock-cut) stone temples of South India.
● It contains many surviving 7th- and 8th-century Pallava temples and monuments,
chief of which are the sculptured rock relief popularly known as “Arjuna’s Penance,”
or “Descent of the Ganges,” a series of sculptured cave temples, and a Shiva temple
on the seashore.
● The town’s Five Rathas, or monolithic temples, are the remnants of seven temples,
for which the town was known as Seven Pagodas.
● The entire assemblage collectively was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site
in 1984.

Kaziranga National Park

● It is located in the state of Assam.
● It is part of the Eastern Himalayan biodiversity hotspots.
● It is also a UNESCO World Heritage Site and houses two-thirds of the total world
population of greater one-horned rhinoceros.
● It is recognized as an Important Bird Area by BirdLife International for the
conservation of avifaunal
species.
● Flora:
○ It is a mix of eastern wet
alluvial grasslands,
semi-evergreen forests
and tropical moist
deciduous forests.
○ It is primarily famous for
its dense and tall elephant
grasses intermixed with
small swamplands.
○ It also includes an abundant cover of water lilies, water hyacinths and lotus.
● Fauna:
○ It is home to the One-horned rhinoceros, Leopard, Fishing Cat, other Lesser
cats, royal Bengal tiger, Large Indian Civet and Small Indian Civet etc
○ It is also one of the last remaining homes of the endangered and endemic
western hoolock gibbon, the only species of apes found in India.
○ It is one of the last homes of the critically endangered Bengal florican

Manas Wild life Sanctuary

● Manas BR = Manas National Park. It is
contiguous with the Royal Manas
National Park in Bhutan. Manas is
famous for its population of the Wild
Water Buffalo.
● It is a national park, UNESCO Natural
World Heritage site, a Project Tiger

Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1

 reserve, an elephant reserve and a biosphere reserve.
● Flora: It contains some of the largest remaining grassland habitats in the
sub-Himalayan grassland ecosystems.
● Fauna: The Park is known for its rare and endangered endemic wildlife such as the
Assam Roofed Turtle, Hispid Hare, Golden Langur& Pygmy Hog, Rhinoceros
(re-introduced in 2007), elephants, Bengal florican etc.
● The name of the park originates from the Manas River, which is named after the
serpent goddess Manasa.
● The Manas River is a major tributary of Brahmaputra River, which passes through the
Manas National Park.

Keoladeo National Park

● Keoladeo National Park is a wetland and bird sanctuary located in Bharatpur,
Rajasthan. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the most important
bird-watching areas in the world.
● Chilika Lake (Orissa) and Keoladeo National Park (Rajasthan) were
recognized as the first Ramsar Sites of India in 1981.
● Currently, Keoladeo National Park and Loktak Lake (Manipur) are in
Montreux record.
○ It is known for its rich avian diversity and abundance of waterbirds. The park
is home to over 365 species of birds, including several rare and threatened
species, such as the Siberian
crane.
○ Different species from
far-flung areas of the northern
hemisphere visit the
Sanctuary for breeding. The
Siberian crane is one of the
rare species that can be
spotted here.
■ Fauna:
○ Animals such as Jackals,
Sambar, Nilgai, wild cats,
hyenas, wild boar, porcupine
and mongoose can be found
in the region.
■ Flora:
○ The principal vegetation types are tropical dry deciduous forest dominated by
Acacia nilotica intermixed with dry grassland.
■ River:
○ Gambhir and Banganga are two rivers that flow through this National Park.

Biosphere Reserve

Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1

Biosphere reserves are sites established by countries and recognized under UNESCO’s Man
and the Biosphere (MAB) Programme to promote sustainable development based on local
community efforts and sound science.

What are the Criteria for Designation of Biosphere Reserve?

● A site must contain a protected and minimally disturbed core area of value of nature
conservation.
● The core area must be a bio-geographical unit and should be large enough to sustain a
viable population representing all trophic levels.
● The involvement of local communities and use of their knowledge in biodiversity
preservation.
● Area's potential for preservation of traditional tribal or rural modes of living for
harmonious use of the environment.

What are the Three Main Zones of Biosphere Reserve?

■ Core Area:
It is the most protected area of a biosphere reserve. It may contain endemic plants and
animals.They conserve the wild relatives of economic species and also represent
important genetic reservoirs having exceptional scientific interest.A core zone is a
protected region, like a National Park or Sanctuary/protected/regulated mostly under
the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. It is kept free from human interference.

■ Buffer Zone:
The buffer zone surrounds the core zone, and its activities are managed in this area in
ways that help in the protection of the core zone in its natural condition.It includes
restoration, limited tourism, fishing, grazing, etc., which are permitted to reduce its
effect on the core zone.Research and educational activities are to be encouraged.
■ Transition Zone:
It is the outermost part of the biosphere reserve. It is the zone of cooperation where
human ventures and conservation are done in harmony.It includes settlements,
croplands, managed forests and areas for intensive recreation and other economic uses
characteristics of the region.
Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1
 Biosphere Reserve
● Biosphere reserves are sites established by countries and recognized under
UNESCO’s Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Programme to promote sustainable
development based on local community efforts and sound science.
● The World Network of Biosphere Reserves currently consists of 738 sites in 134
countries, including 22 transboundary sites.
● Biosphere Reserves of India Presently, there are 18 notified biosphere reserves in
India (12 recognized by UNESCO’s MAB).

Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1

 List of Biosphere Reserves in India

S.No Year Name State Area

1 1986 Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve TN (2537), Kerala 5520

(1455), Karnataka
(1527)

2 1986 Nanda Devi BR Uttarakhand 5860

3 1988 Nokrek Biosphere Reserve Meghalaya 820

4 1989 Gulf of Mannar Tamil Nadu 10500

5 1989 Sundarbans Biosphere Reserve West Bengal 9630

Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1

 6 1989 Manas Biosphere Reserve Assam 2837

7 1989 Great Nicobar Biosphere Reserve Andaman and 1885

Nicobar Islands

8 1994 Simplipal Biosphere Reserve Odisha 4374

9 1997 Dibru-Saikhowa Biosphere Reserve Assam 765

10 1998 Dihang-Dibang Biosphere Reserve Arunachal Pradesh

11 1999 Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve Madhya Pradesh 4982

12 2000 Khangchendzonga Biosphere Reserve Sikkim 2620

13 2001 Agasthyamalai Biosphere Reserve Kerala, Tamil Nadu 3500

14 2005 Achanakmar-Amarkantak BR MP, Chhattisgarh 3835

15 2008 Great Rann of Kutch BR Gujarat 12454

16 2009 Cold Desert Biosphere Reserve Himachal Pradesh 7770

17 2010 Seshachalam Hills Biosphere Reserve Andhra Pradesh 4755

18 2011 Panna BR MP 543

Biosphere Reserves Established by India (Total 18).Biosphere Reserve Established by India
and Recognized by UNESCO’s MAB ( Except 6,9,10,15,16,17).

World Network of Biosphere Reserves In India

Twelve of the eighteen biosphere reserves are a part of the World Network of Biosphere
Reserves, based on the UNESCO Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Programme list.

S.No Name States/ UT Year

1 Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve Tamil Nadu, Kerala 2000

and Karnataka.
2 Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Tamil Nadu 2001
Reserve

Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1

3 Sundarbans Biosphere Reserve West Bengal 2001

4 Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve Uttarakhand 2004

5 Nokrek Biosphere Reserve Meghalaya 2009

6 Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve Madhya Pradesh 2009

7 Simlipal Biosphere Reserve Odisha 2009

8 Great Nicobar Biosphere Reserve Andaman & Nicobar 2013

Islands

9 Achanakmar-Amarkantak Chhattisgarh, Madhya 2012

Biosphere Reserve Pradesh

10 Agasthyamalai Biosphere Kerala and Tamil 2016

Reserve Nadu
11 Khangchendzonga National Park Sikkim 2018

12 Panna Biosphere Reserve Madhya Pradesh 2020

Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve

● Nilgiris (blue mountain) got their name from the purplish blue flowers of Neelakurinji
(blossoms once in 12 years).
● Location: It is located in the Nilgiri Mountains of the Western Ghats. It encompasses
parts of Tamil Nadu, Kerala, and Karnataka.
● The Nilgiri Sub-Cluster (UNESCO World Heritage Site) includes the Mudumalai,
Mukurthi, Nagarhole, Bandipur and Silent Valley national parks, as well as the
Aralam, Wayanad and Sathyamangalam wildlife sanctuaries.
● Vegetation: tropical evergreen forests (western side of Western Ghats), montane
sholas and grasslands (at high altitudes), semi-evergreen forests, moist deciduous
forests, dry deciduous forests, and thorn forests.
● It was the first biosphere reserve in India, established in 1986.
● The total area of the reserve is 5,520 sq. km. It is the largest protected forest area in
India.
● Climate: The annual rainfall of the reserve ranges from 500 mm to 7000 mm, with
temperatures ranging from 0°C during the winter to 41°C during the summer.
● Tribal Population: Tribal groups like the Todas, Kotas, Irulas, Kurumbas, Paniyas,
Adiyans, Edanadan Chettis, Cholanaickens, Allar, Malayan, etc., are native to the
reserve.

Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1

● It is India's first biosphere reserve under UNESCO's Man and the Biosphere
Programme.
● Major Fauna: Lion Tailed Macaque (EN), Nilgiri Tahr (EN), Malabar Giant Squirrel
(LC), Nilgiri Langur (VU), etc.
● Flora: About 3,300 species of flowering plants can be seen here. Of the 3,300
species, 132 are endemic to the NBR.
○ Some of the plants entirely restricted to the NBR include species of Adenoon,
Calacanthus, Baeolepis, Frerea, Jarodina, Wagatea, eciloneuron, etc.

Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve

● Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve is a protected area located in the Indian state of
Uttarakhand. The reserve encompasses an area of 2,236 square kilo metres and is
named after the Nanda Devi peak, which is the second-highest mountain peak in
India, standing at an altitude of 7,816 meters.
● Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve = Nanda Devi National Park + Valley of Flowers NP.
● The Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve was established in 1988 and was declared a
UNESCO World Heritage site 1988.
● Major Fauna: Snow Leopard (VU), Musk Deer (EN), Bharal Or Blue Sheep (LC), etc.
● The reserve is also known for its rich cultural heritage and is home to several
indigenous communities such as the Bhotiyas and the Joharis. These communities
have been living in the area for centuries and have developed a unique way of life that
is closely tied to the natural environment.

Nokrek Biosphere Reserve

● Nokrek (1,412 m) is the highest peak of the Garo hills, Meghalaya.

● Vegetation: Evergreen, semi-evergreen & deciduous.
● Key Fauna: Red Panda (EN), Hoolock Gibbons (EN), Red Giant Flying Squirrel
(LC), etc.
● Tribes: Garo tribes dominate the area.
● Nokrek Biosphere Reserve along with the Nokrek National Park was added by
UNESCO to its list of Biosphere Reserves in May 2009.

Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve

● It lies between the west coast of Sri Lanka and the south-eastern tip of India, in the
Coromandel Coast region.
● The chain of low islands and reefs known as Ram Sethu (Adam’s Bridge), which
includes Mannar Island, separates the Gulf of Mannar from Palk Bay, which lies to
the north between Sri Lanka and India.
● The biosphere reserve comprises islands with estuaries, seagrasses, coral reefs, salt
marshes and mangroves.
● Tribes: Mainly Marakeyars.
● Major Fauna: Dugong (VU), Olive Ridley turtles (VU), etc.

Sundarbans Biosphere Reserve

Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1

● It is located in the vast
Delta of the Ganges,
south of Kolkata and
bordering Bangladesh
in the east. It provides
habitat for the
threatened Royal
Bengal Tiger (EN).
● The Sundarbans is
located on the delta of
the Ganga,
Brahmaputra and
Meghna rivers in the
Bay of Bengal.
● This Biosphere Reserve includes Sundarban Tiger Reserve, Sundarban National Park
(core area), Halliday Island and Lothian Island Wildlife Sanctuaries with Sajnakhali
Wildlife Sanctuary forming its buffer area
● It contains the world’s largest mangrove forests.
● Sundarbans National Park, established in 1984, constitutes a core region within the
tiger reserve; it was designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1987.
● Sunderbans was designated as a Biosphere Reserve by UNESCO in 2001.
● Sundarban Wetland, India was recognised as the ‘Wetland of International
Importance’ under the Ramsar Convention in January 2019.
● The Sunderbans Delta is the only mangrove forest in the world inhabited by tigers.
● Flora: The vegetation of the area is moist tropical forests and tidal forests.

🐢
● Fauna: It is home to Royal Bengal Tiger, Estuarine Crocodile, Gangetic Dolphin,
Water Monitor Lizard, Olive ridley turtles ,etc..

Manas Biosphere Reserve

● Manas BR = Manas National Park. It is
contiguous with the Royal Manas
National Park in Bhutan. Manas is
famous for its population of the Wild
Water Buffalo (EN).
● It is a national park, UNESCO Natural
World Heritage site, a Project Tiger
reserve, an elephant reserve and a
biosphere reserve.
● Flora: It contains some of the largest
remaining grassland habitats in the
sub-Himalayan grassland ecosystems.
● Fauna: The Park is known for its rare
and endangered endemic wildlife such
as the Assam Roofed Turtle (EN),
Hispid Hare (EN), Golden Langur (EN) & Pygmy Hog (EN),Rhinoceros
(re-introduced in 2007), elephants, Bengal florican (CR) etc.
● The name of the park originates from the Manas River, which is named after the
serpent goddess Manasa.
Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1
● The Manas River is a major tributary of Brahmaputra River, which passes through the
Manas National Park.
Great Nicobar Biosphere Reserve

● The Great Nicobar Biosphere Reserve

incorporates two National parks of India,
which were gazetted in 1992. The two parks
include:(Great Nicobar BR = Campbell Bay
National Park + Galathea NP.
● The Great Nicobar Biosphere Reserve is a
protected area located in the southernmost
part of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands in
India. It encompasses a large portion
(approximately 85%) of the Great Nicobar
Island, which is the largest island in the
Nicobar group.
● In the year 2013, it was included in the list of
Man and Biosphere Program of UNESCO to
promote sustainable development based on local community effort and sound science.
● Indigenous Inhabitants:
1. The Mongoloid Shompen Tribe, about 200 in number, live in the forests of the
biosphere reserve, particularly along the rivers and streams. The Shompens move
between the Core and Buffer Zones, while the settlers and Nicobarese live in
settlements spread along the coast in the Transition zone
2. The Mongoloid Tribe, Nicobarese, about 300 in number, used to live in settlements
along the west coast.
● After the tsunami in 2004, which devastated their settlement on the western coast,
they were relocated to Afra Bay in the North Coast and Campbell Bay
● Vegetation: tropical wet evergreen forests.
● Major Fauna: Dugong (VU), Saltwater Crocodile (LC), etc.

Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1

 Similipal Biosphere Reserve

Similipal derives its name from ‘Simul’ (silk cotton) tree.It was formally designated a tiger
reserve in 1956 and brought under Project Tiger in the year 1973.It was declared a biosphere
reserve by the Government of India in June,
1994.
○ It has been part of the UNESCO
World Network of Biosphere
Reserve since 2009.
○ It is part of the
Similipal-Kuldiha-Hadgarh
Elephant Reserve popularly
known as Mayurbhanj
Elephant Reserve, which
includes 3 protected areas i.e.
Similipal Tiger Reserve,
Hadagarh Wildlife sanctuary and
Kuldiha wildlife sanctuary.
Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1
● Location:
○ It is situated in the northern part of Odisha’s Mayurbhanj district.
Geographically, it lies in the eastern end of the eastern ghat.
● Vegetation:
○ Similipal has 1,076 flowering species and 96 species of orchids. It boasts of
having tropical semi-evergreen forests, tropical moist deciduous forests, dry
deciduous hill forests, high level sal forests and sprawling meadows. Sal is a
dominant tree species in the park.
● Major Fauna: Royal Bengal Tigers, Wild Elephants (EN), Gaurs (VU – Indian
Bison), Chausingha (VU).
● Tribes:
○ Two tribes, the Erenga Kharias and the Mankirdias, inhabit the reserve’s
forests and practice traditional agricultural activities (the collection of seeds
and timber).

Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve

● Pachmarhi BR (Satpura National Park + Bori Wildlife Sanctuary + Pachmarhi WLS)
lies in the centre of the Satpura Range, Madhya Pradesh. The highest peak is the
Dhoopgarh (1,352 m). Gonds are the major tribes.
● Fauna: Tiger, Gaur, Indian Giant Flying Squirrels (LC), etc.
1. Geography and Ecology:
○ The reserve spans an impressive 4,926.28 square kilometers (approximately
1,217,310 acres) and encompasses parts of Narmadapuram, Betul, and
Chhindwara Districts in Madhya Pradesh.
○ Within this vast area, three wildlife conservation units exist:
■ Bori Sanctuary (518.00 km²)
■ Pachmarhi Sanctuary (461.37 km²)
■ Satpura National Park (524.37 km²)
○ Satpura National Park serves as the core zone, while the remaining area
(4401.91 km²), including Bori and Pachmarhi sanctuaries, functions as the
buffer zone.
○ The reserve’s forests play a crucial role as a transition zone between the forest
species of western and eastern India.
2. Flora:
○ The dominant tree species include teak (Tectona grandis) and the westernmost
groves of sal (Shorea robusta), which typically thrive in eastern India’s forests.
○ Notably, the Cuddapah almond trees are abundant in the hills of Pachmarhi.
3. Fauna:
○ The reserve hosts a diverse range of wildlife, including large mammals such as
tigers, leopards, wild bears, gaurs (Indian bison), chital deer, muntjac deer,
and rhesus macaques.
○ Additionally, the endemic fauna includes chinkara, nilgai, Asian wild dogs,
Indian wolves, Indian giant squirrels, and flying squirrels.
4. Significance:
○ The Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve is known as the “Genetic Express
Highway” because it connects two of India’s biodiversity hotspots: the Eastern
Himalayas and the Western Ghats.
Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1
 ○ It also serves as a meeting point for both northern and southern plant
species.
In 2009, UNESCO designated the Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve as a biosphere reserve,
recognizing its ecological importance and unique biodiversity.

Khangchendzonga Biosphere Reserve

● The biosphere reserve is a transboundary bio-diversity hotspot conservation area. It

includes the third highest mountain peak in the world, Kanchenjunga (8,586 m). It is
one of the highest ecosystems in the world, reaching elevations of 1,220 m to 8,586 m
above sea level.
● The Khangchendzonga NP, which comprises the core area of the KBR, was inscribed
as India’s first “Mixed World Heritage Site”.
● Major Fauna: Red Panda (EN), Snow Leopard (VU), Musk Deer (EN), Great Tibetan
Sheep (Argali – NT), etc.
● Khangchendzonga Biosphere Reserve which is located in Sikkim is one of the highest
ecosystems in the world, reaching elevations of 1, 220 metres above sea-level.
● The biosphere has different altitudinal ecosystems, varying from sub-tropic to Arctic,
as well as natural forests in different biomes, that support an immensely rich diversity
of forest types and habitats.
● World’s third highest peak, Mt. Khangchendzonga, is situated within the Park.
● Numerous lakes and glaciers, including the 26 km long Zemu Glacier are a part of
the Biosphere reserve.
● Khangchendzonga National Park (KNP) was designated a World Heritage Site in
2016 under the ‘mixed’ category (Mixed heritage sites contain elements of both
natural and cultural significance).
● The Khangchendzonga Biosphere Reserve in Sikkim, surrounding the world’s third
highest peak Mount Khangchendzonga, has been added to UNESCO’s World
Network of Biosphere Reserves, making it the 11th biosphere in India to be included
in the network.
● Its location – bordering Nepal, Tibet (China) and in close proximity of Bhutan –
offers unique opportunities for joint collaboration and conservation of biodiversity
with neighbouring countries.
● Increasing unregulated tourism, lack of awareness about the landscape and shortage of
staff are some of the key challenges in maintaining the reserve’s sanctity.

Dibru-Saikhowa Biosphere Reserve

● Dibru-Saikhowa BR = Dibru-Saikhowa National Park.

● Major Fauna: Bengal Tiger, Clouded Leopard (VU), Gangetic Dolphin (EN), etc.

Dihang-Dibang Biosphere Reserve

● The Mouling NP and the Dibang WLS are located fully or partly within this biosphere
reserve. The terrain is rugged, with an altitudinal range of 750 to 3000 m at the
highest point, the Mouling Peak.
● Major Fauna: Takin (VU), Red Panda (EN).
Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1
 Agasthyamala Biosphere Reserve

● Agasthyamala BR = Shendurney Wildlife Sanctuary + Peppara Wildlife Sanctuary +

Neyyar Wildlife Sanctuary + Kalakad Mundanthurai TR. The reserve is home to Kani
tribes from both Tamil Nadu and Kerala.
● Major Fauna: Nilgiri Tahr (EN)

Achanakmar-Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve

● It extends across the states of Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh. Maikal hills together
with eastern Vindhyas and Satpuras lie within the reserve.
● Major Fauna: Four Horned Antelope (Chausingha (VU)), Indian Wild Dog (VU), etc.
● Vegetation: moist deciduous and dry deciduous forests.

Great Rann of Kutch Biosphere Reserve

● The Great Rann of Kutch is a salt marsh in the Thar Desert.

● Great Rann of Kutch BR = Kachchh Desert Sanctuary (in Great Rann of Kutch) +
Wild Ass Sanctuary (in Little Rann of Kutch), Narayan Sarovar Sanctuary + Kutch
Bustard Sanctuary + Banni Grasslands Reserve.
● Major Fauna: Great Indian Bustard (CR), Indian Wild Ass (NT), etc.

Cold Desert Biosphere Reserve

● It includes Pin Valley National Park, Chandratal, Sarchu and Kibber Wildlife
Sanctuaries.
● Major Fauna: Snow Leopard (VU), Himalayan Ibex (also referred to as Siberian Ibex
– LC).

Seshachalam Hills Biosphere Reserve

● The Seshachalam Hills are part of the Eastern Ghats (south of Panna River) in
southern Andhra Pradesh.
● Tirupati, a major Hindu pilgrimage town and Srivenkateshwara National Park are
located in these ranges.
● Major Flora: rare and endemic plant species like Red Sanders (NT) are of great
economic importance.
● Major Reptilian Fauna: Golden Gecko (LC – Endemic To Tirumala Hills).

Panna Biosphere Reserve

● Panna Biosphere Reserve = Panna TR.

● Fauna: Tiger (EN), Chital (LC), Chinkara (LC), Sambar (VU).

Wetlands
Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1
About Wetlands
Wetlands are crucial ecosystems, disappearing rapidly due to human activities such as
drainage, pollution, and overexploitation. This loss has profound implications for
biodiversity, climate, and economies worldwide. To address this, there's a need to change
perceptions and prioritize wetland conservation. Raising awareness, particularly on World
Wetlands Day, is essential to catalyze action and safeguard these vital ecosystems.
World Wetlands Day, observed annually on February 2nd, raises awareness about wetlands
and commemorates the adoption of the Convention on Wetlands in 1971. This international
treaty provides a framework for wetland conservation and wise use. The significance of
World Wetlands Day was emphasized in 2022 with the adoption of Resolution 75/317 by the
UN General Assembly, establishing it as a global observance.
India's commitment to wetland conservation continues to strengthen with recent milestones
marking significant progress. In January 2024, India proudly expanded its Ramsar Site count
to 80 by designating five new sites in Karnataka and Tamil Nadu, showcasing its dedication
to preserving invaluable ecosystems.
This achievement builds upon the momentum set in August 2022 when India added 11
wetlands to its roster, a poignant gesture commemorating the nation's 75th year of
Independence. Additionally, the Wetlands of India Portal serves as a knowledge hub for
wetland managers and stakeholders, providing comprehensive information and resources
There are 80 Ramsar sites in India as of January 2024.These are wetlands deemed to be of
"international
importance" under the
Ramsar Convention.
According to The
Wetlands (Conservation
and Management) Rules
of 2017, the Indian
government's definition
of wetlands does not
include river channels,
paddy fields, or other
areas utilized for
commercial activities.
Newly added 05
Ramsar sites in India

1. Ankasamudra Bird Conservation Reserve in Karnataka

2. Aghanashini Estuary in Karnataka
3. Magadi Kere Conservation Reserve in Karnataka
4. Karaivetti Bird Sanctuary in Tamil Nadu
5. Longwood Shola Reserve Forest in
Tamil Nadu

1.Ankasamudra Bird Conservation Reserve

(Karnataka):
It is a human-made village irrigation
tank built centuries back and is spread
Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1
 over an area of 244.04 acres adjoining the Ankasamudra village.
2.Aghanashini Estuary (Karnataka):
● It is spread over an area of 4801 ha, and is formed at the confluence of the
Aghanashini River with the Arabian Sea.
● The brackish water of the estuary provides diverse ecosystem services including flood
and erosion risk mitigation, biodiversity conservation and livelihood support.
● The wetland also provides livelihoods by supporting fishing, agriculture, collection of
edible bivalves and crabs, shrimp aquaculture, traditional fish farming in the estuarine
rice fields (locally known as Gazni rice fields) and salt production.
● The mangroves bordering the estuary help to protect the shores against storms and
cyclones.
3.Magadi Kere Conservation Reserve (Karnataka):
● It is a human-made wetland with an area of nearly 50 hectares which was constructed
to store rainwater for irrigation purposes.
● The wetland harbors two vulnerable species, namely Common pochard (Aythya
ferina) and River tern (Sterna aurantia) and four near-threatened species namely
Oriental Darter (Anhinga melanogaster), Black-headed Ibis (Threskiornis
melanocephalus), Woolly- necked Stork (Ciconia episcopus) and Painted Stork
(Mycteria leucocephala).
● It is also one of the largest wintering grounds for the Bar-headed goose (Anser
indicus) in Southern India. It has been declared globally as an Important Bird and
Biodiversity Area (IBA).
4.Karaivetti Bird Sanctuary (Tamil Nadu):
● Water from the wetland is utilized by the villagers for cultivating agricultural crops
such as paddy, sugar cane, cotton, corn, and split red gram.
● About 198 species of birds have been recorded here; some of the important visitors
being the Bar headed Goose, Pin-tailed duck, Garganey, Northern Shoveler, Common
Pochard, Eurasian Wigeon, Common teal and Cotton teal.
5.Longwood Shola Reserve Forest (Tamil Nadu):
● It derives its name from the Tamil word, "Solai", which means a ‘tropical rainforest’.
● The ‘Sholas’ are found in the upper reaches of the Nilgiris, Anamalais, Palni hills,
Kalakadu, Mundanthurai and Kanyakumari in Tamil Nadu.
● These forested wetlands serve as habitats for the globally endangered Black-chinned
Nilgiri Laughing thrush (Strophocincla cachinnans), Nilgiri Blue Robin (Myiomela
major), and vulnerable Nilgiri Wood-pigeon (Columba elphinstonii).

World Wetlands Day 2024

World Wetlands Day 2024 focuses on the theme 'Wetlands and Human Wellbeing,'
highlighting the critical role wetlands play in enhancing our lives by providing flood
protection, clean water, biodiversity, and recreational opportunities essential for human health
and prosperity. This year, the Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change
(MoEF&CC), Government of India, in collaboration with the Government of Madhya
Pradesh, is organizing the national World Wetlands Day event at Sirpur Lake, Indore, a
Ramsar site designated in 2022. Dr. Musonda Mumba, Secretary-General of the Ramsar
Convention, is visiting India to participate in the WWD 2024 event at Sirpur Ramsar site in
Indore on February 2nd, 2024.
National Wetland Decadal Change Atlas: The National Wetland Decadal Change Atlas,
crafted by the Space Applications Centre (SAC) in Ahmedabad, offers valuable insights into
Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1
the dynamic changes occurring in wetlands across the country over the past decade. This
comprehensive resource serves as a vital tool for policymakers, researchers, and
conservationists in understanding and addressing the evolving challenges faced by these
critical ecosystems.
Government’s Initiatives for Wetland Conservation:
● Amrit Dharohar Scheme: Launched during the presentation of the Union Budget
2023-24, the Amrit Dharohar Scheme represents a pivotal step towards promoting
optimal utilization of wetlands over the next three years. This initiative aims to
enhance biodiversity, carbon stock, eco-tourism opportunities, and local community
income generation, aligning with the government's vision for sustainable
development.
● National Plan for Conservation of Aquatic Ecosystems: In 2013, the National
Wetlands Conservation Programme merged with the National Lake Conservation
Plan, giving rise to the comprehensive National Plan for Conservation of Aquatic
Ecosystems. This amalgamation reflects the government's holistic approach towards
safeguarding these vital ecosystems.
● Wetlands (Conservation and Management) Rules: Enacted in 2017 under the
Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, the Wetlands (Conservation and Management)
Rules established state wetlands authorities. These rules serve as a pivotal legal
framework for the protection and sustainable management of wetlands across the
nation.
● Coastal Protection: Coastal wetlands are safeguarded under the Coastal Regulation
Zone Notification (2018) and the Island Protection Zone Notification 2011. These
regulations ensure the preservation of coastal ecosystems, vital for biodiversity
conservation and mitigating the impacts of climate change.
● MoEFCC's Wetlands Rejuvenation Programme: Initiated in 2020, the Ministry of
Environment, Forest & Climate Change (MoEFCC) embarked on a transformative
journey towards wetlands rejuvenation. This program employs a multifaceted
approach encompassing baseline information development, rapid assessment through
wetland health cards, establishment of stakeholder platforms, and comprehensive
management planning. With over 500 wetlands covered, this initiative stands as a
testament to the government's commitment to conserving these critical habitats.
● Integration with Namami Gange: On World Wetlands Day 2021, the Ministry of Jal
Shakti underscored the integration of wetland conservation with the Namami Gange
program. Through innovative efforts linked to river rejuvenation, the National
Mission for Clean Ganga (NMCG) has spearheaded initiatives serving as a model for
wetland conservation nationwide. The development of health cards and management
plans for 10 wetlands in each of the 50-plus Ganga districts exemplifies this
integrated approach, blending scientific expertise with community participation.
● National Wildlife Action Plan: India's National Wildlife Action Plan (2017-2031)
prioritizes the conservation of inland aquatic ecosystems, including wetlands. It
advocates for a national wetlands mission, emphasizing the importance of preserving
these habitats for biodiversity conservation and ecosystem services.
These concerted efforts underscore the government's proactive stance towards wetland
conservation, reflecting a commitment to sustainable development and environmental
stewardship.
Conclusion

Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1

In conclusion, wetlands play a vital role in mitigating the impacts of natural disasters such as
floods, droughts, and cyclones by acting as natural buffers and storing excess water. Events
like the floods in Kashmir Valley and Chennai, as well as cyclones like Kalinga, underscore
the importance of preserving wetlands for community resilience. Integrating wetlands into
disaster risk reduction planning requires collaborative efforts, with assessments of wetland
health incorporated into district-level planning processes. Conservation and restoration of
wetlands should be prioritized within disaster risk reduction strategies, alongside efforts to
raise awareness among stakeholders. The Government of India's commitment to wetlands
conservation and mainstreaming their values into developmental planning demonstrates a
crucial step towards ensuring the sustainable management of these invaluable ecosystems for
future generations.
Andhra Pradesh 1 Kolleru Lake
Assam 1 Deepor Beel
Bihar 1 Kanwar Lake
Goa 1 Nanda Lake
Gujarat 4 Khijadiya, Nalsarovar, Thol Lake, Wadhvana Wetland
Haryana 2 Sultanpur National Park, Bhindawas Wildlife
Sanctuary
Himachal Pradesh 3 Chandra Taal, Pong Dam Lake Wildlife Sanctuary,
Renuka Lake
Jammu and Kashmir 5 Hokersar Wetland, Hygam Wetland Conservation
Reserve, Shallabugh Wetland, Mansar-Surinsar
Wildlife Sanctuary, Wular Lake
Karnataka 4 Ranganathittu Bird Sanctuary, Ankasamudra Bird
Conservation Reserve, Aghanashini Estuary, Magadi
Kere Conservation Reserve[3]
Kerala 3 Ashtamudi Wetland, Sasthamkotta Lake,
Vembanad-Kol Wetland
Ladakh 2 Tso Kar, Tsomoriri Lake
Madhya Pradesh 4 Bhoj Wetland, Sakhya Sagar, Sirpur Lake, Yashwant
Sagar
Maharashtra 3 Lonar Lake, Nandur Madhameshwar, Thane Creek
Manipur 1 Loktak Lake
Mizoram 1 Pala Wetland
Odisha 6 Ansupa Lake, Bhitarkanika Mangroves, Chilika Lake,
Hirakud Reservoir, Satkosia Gorge, Tampara Lake
Punjab 6 Beas Conservation Reserve, Harike Wetland, Kanjli
Wetland, Keshopur-Miani Community Reserve, Nangal
Wildlife Sanctuary, Ropar Wetland

Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1

 Rajasthan 2 Keoladeo National Park, Sambhar Lake
Tamil Nadu( Highest) 16 Chitrangudi Bird Sanctuary, Gulf of Mannar Marine
Biosphere Reserve, Kanjirankulam Bird Sanctuary,
Karaivetti Bird Sanctuary,[3] Karikili Bird Sanctuary,
Koonthankulam Bird Sanctuary, Longwood Shola
Reserve Forest, Pallikaranai Marsh Reserve Forest,
Pichavaram Mangrove, Point Calimere Wildlife and
Bird Sanctuary, Suchindram Theroor Wetland
Complex, Udayamarthandapuram Bird Sanctuary,
Vaduvur Bird Sanctuary, Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary,
Vellode Bird Sanctuary, Vembanur Wetland Complex
Tripura 1 Rudrasagar Lake
Uttar Pradesh 10 Bakhira Sanctuary, Haiderpur Wetland, Nawabganj
Bird Sanctuary, Parvati Arga Bird Sanctuary, Saman
Bird Sanctuary, Samaspur Bird Sanctuary, Sandi Bird
Sanctuary, Sarsai Nawar Jheel, Sur Sarovar, Upper
Ganga River
Uttarakhand 1 Asan Barrage
West Bengal 2 East Kolkata Wetlands, Sundarban Wetland

Important Environmental Topics

S.No Parameter Definition Key Highlights

1 National Parks What is a National Park ● Present there are total 106
National Parks india
An area, whether within a ● 106th National Park-
sanctuary or not, can be notified Raimona National park in
by the state government to be Assam.
constituted as a National Park, by ● Madhya Pradesh has the
reason of its ecological, faunal, highest number of national
floral, geomorphological, or parks in India.
zoological association or ● Assam has the second
importance, needed to for the highest number of National
purpose of protecting & parks after Madhya pradesh.
propagating or developing wildlife ● Telangana has three National
therein or its environment. No parks 1. KBR national park,
human activity is permitted inside Mrugavani National park
the national park except for the and Mahavir National park.
ones permitted by the Chief ● In 1936, the first national
Wildlife Warden of the state park in India, Jim Corbett
National park was
established. Initially, it was
Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1
 known as Hailey National
Park at the time of its
establishment.
● Hemis National Park is
largest national park with an
area 4,400 km²

2 Biosphere Reserves Biosphere reserves are sites ● Presently, there are 18

established by countries and notified biosphere reserves
recognized under UNESCO's Man in India.
and the Biosphere (MAB) ● Nilgiri Biosphere reserve is
Programme to promote the first Biosphere in India
sustainable development based on and it was notified in 1986.
local community efforts and sound ● Panna Biosphere reserve of
science.The programme of Madhya Pradesh is the
Biosphere Reserve was initiated recent one and it was
by UNESCO in 1971. The notified in 2011.
purpose of the formation of the ● The largest Biosphere
biosphere reserve is to conserve in reserve in India is the Gulf
situ all forms of life, along with its of Kachchh, Gujarat .
support system. ● Smallest Biosphere Reserve
in India is Dibru-Saikhowa
in Assam.

3 Biodiversity The term ‘biodiversity hotspot’ There are 36 Biodiversity hotspots

Hotspots was coined by Norman Myers all over the world and India has 4
(1988) who recognized 10 tropical BDH
forests as “hotspots” according to
the level of plant endemism and 1. Himalaya: Includes the
high level of habitat loss. entire Himalayan region
According to Conservation 2. Indo-Burma Region.
International to qualify as a 3. Sundaland: Indonesia,
biodiversity hotspot, a region must Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei
meet two strict criteria: and Philippines; also
● It must have at least 1,500 included Nicobar group of
vascular plants as Islands .
endemics — which is to 4. Western Ghats and Sri
say, it must have a high Lanka: Includes the entire
percentage of plant life Western Ghats [Tamil Nadu,
found nowhere else on the Kerala, Karnataka, Goa,
planet. ... Maharashtra and Gujarat]
● It must have 30% or less and Sri Lanka.
of its original natural
vegetation.

4 Tiger Reserves Project Tiger was launched by the ● There are 54 Tiger reserves
Government of India in the year notified till January ,2023.
1973 to save the endangered ● First tiger reserve - Jim
Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1
 species of tiger in the country. Corbett National Park,
Uttarakhand.
It was launched at the Jim Corbett ● 54th Tiger reserve-Ranipur
National Park, Uttarakhand, the Tiger Reserve in the
programme was initially started in Chitrakoot district of
nine tiger reserves of different UttarPradesh .
States such as Assam, Bihar, ● 53rd Tiger Reserve- Guru
Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Ghasidas National Park and
Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamor Pingla Wildlife
Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal, Sanctuary, Chhattisgarh.
covering over 14,000 sq km. ● Tiger Task force was
constituted in 2005 with a
Tiger Reserves are notified by five member committee
State Governments as per following the shocking
provisions of Section 38V of the disappearance of Tigers
Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 on from Sariska tiger reserve,
advice of the National Tiger Rajasthan.
Conservation Authority. ● The Total population of
Royal Bengal Tiger in India
is 2967 as per the Tiger
Census 2018
National Tiger Conservation ● India's tiger population now
Authority (NTCA) stands at 3,167, as per the
● It is a statutory body under All India Tiger Estimation
the Ministry of ● (AITE) 2021-2022
Environment, Forests and ● The State with the Highest
Climate Change. Tiger population in India is
● It was established in 2005 Madhya Pradesh, followed
following the by Karnataka and
recommendations of the Uttrakhand.
Tiger Task Force. ● Six tiger reserves in Madhya
● It was constituted under Pradesh are devoted to
enabling provisions of the preserving and guarding
Wildlife (Protection) Act, Bengal tigers in their natural
1972, as amended in 2006, habitat
for strengthening tiger ● NTCA has given its
conservation, as per approval for the
powers and functions establishment of the
assigned to it. Dholpur-Karauli Tiger
Reserve in the state of
Rajasthan. It has secured its
position as the fifth tiger
reserve in the state of
Rajasthan following
Mukundra Hills, Ramgarh
Vishdhari. It became 55th
Tiger Reserve in india.

Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1

5 Elephant Reserves The Indian elephant Elephas ● There are 33 elephant
maximus occurs in the central and Reserves in India as on
southern Western Ghats, November,2022.
North-east India, eastern India and ● 33rd Elephant reserve-Terai
northern India and in some parts Elephant Reserve (TER) at
of southern peninsular India. Dudhwa-Pilibhit in Uttar
It is included in Schedule I of the Pradesh.
Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, ● The Singhbhum Elephant
1972 and in Appendix I of the Reserve, the first Elephant
Convention on International Trade Reserve of the Country, was
in Endangered Species of Flora created in 2001 under the
and Fauna (CITES). Project Elephant- Jharkhand
It occurs in 16 of the 28 states in ● The two states with the most
the country. elephant reserves are Tamil
Project Elephant was launched by Nadu and Assam, each with
the Government of India in the five, followed by Kerala
year 1992 as a Centrally with four, Odisha with three
Sponsored Scheme with following ● Karnataka has the highest
objectives: number of elephants (6,049),
1. To protect elephants, their followed by Assam (5,719)
habitat & corridors and Kerala (3,054).
2. To address issues of
man-animal conflict ● World Elephant Day-August
3. Welfare of captive elephants

6 Wetlands Ramsar Convention, also known ● India adds 11 more wetlands

as Wetland Convention, is an to the list of Ramsar sites to
environmental convention signed make a total 75 Ramsar sites
in 1971 in Ramsar, Iran to protect covering an area of
wetlands. 13,26,677 ha in the country
There are 75 Ramsar sites in india in the 75th year of
What is the Montreux Record of Independence.
Wetlands? ● Presently we have 75
The Montreux Record is a register wetlands recognised as
of wetland sites on the List of Ramsar sites.
Wetlands of International ● Tamil Nadu has maximum
Importance where changes in no. of Ramsar sites (14 nos),
ecological character have followed by UP which has
occurred, are occurring, or are 10 nos. of Ramsar sites
likely to occur as a result of ● Chilika Lake in Orissa and
technological developments, Keoladeo National Park in
pollution or other human Rajasthan were recognised
interference. It is maintained as as the first Ramsar sites in
part of the Ramsar List. India
Currently, two wetlands of India
are in Montreux record: Keoladeo
National Park (Rajasthan) and

Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1

 Loktak Lake (Manipur).

UNESCO World What is World Heritage Sites ● There are 40 UNESCO

Heritage Site A UNESCO World Heritage Site World Heritage Sites in
is a place that is listed by the India.
United Nations Educational, ● On July 27, 2021, UNESCO
Scientific and Cultural declared the old city of
Organization as of special cultural Dholavira as India's 40th
or physical significance world heritage site.
● The site also became the
UNESCO HQ: Paris,France first site of the Indus Valley
Civilisation in India to be
included in the list of
UNESCO World Heritage
Sites.
● Rudreswara Temple
(Ramappa Temple) at
Palampet, Warangal,
Telangana declared as 39th
UNESCO world Heritage
site.
● The first sites listed as World
Heritage Sites in India were
Ajanta Caves, Ellora Caves,
Taj Mahal, and Agra Fort in
1983.

Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1

7 Wildlife Protection This Act provides for the Following institutions were
Act-1972 protection of the country’s wild formed through this act:
animals, birds, and plant species,
in order to ensure environmental 1. Central Zoo Authority-1992
and ecological security. 2. National Board for Wildlife
Among other things, the Act lays 3. National Tiger Conservation
down restrictions on hunting Authority.
many animal species
The Act created six schedules National Board for Wildlife:
which gave varying degrees of The National Board for Wildlife
protection to classes of flora and (NBWL) is the apex body in India
fauna. for all wildlife-related matters.
Schedule I and Schedule II (Part ● It is primarily responsible
II) get absolute protection, and for the promotion of wildlife
offenses under these schedules conservation and the
attract the maximum penalties. development of wildlife and
The schedules also include species forests.
that may be hunted. ● National Board for Wildlife
is a statutory Board
constituted officially in 2003
under the Wild Life
(Protection) Act, 1972.
● It is chaired by Prime
Minister and vice chairman
is Minister for Environment

National Tiger National Tiger Conservation ● It was constituted under

Conservation Authority (NTCA) is a statutory enabling provisions of the
Authority body under the Ministry of Wildlife (Protection) Act,
Environment, Forests and Climate 1972, as amended in 2006,
Change. for strengthening tiger
It was established in 2005 conservation, as per powers
following the recommendations of and functions assigned to it.
the Tiger Task Force ● The Minister for
Environment & Forests is
the current Chairperson of
the National Tiger
Conservation Authority.

8 Environment The Environment (Protection) Act 1986, the EPA was passed by the
Protection Act-1986 was enacted in 1986 with the Parliament, in the wake of the
objective of providing for the Bhopal Gas Tragedy, which
protection and improvement of the occurred on Dec 2, 1984.

Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1

 environment. The chief aims and objectives of the
Environment Protection Act, 1986
It empowers the Central are listed below.
Government to establish 1. Implementing the decisions
authorities [under section 3(3)] made at the United Nations
charged with the mandate of Conference on Human
preventing environmental Environment held in
pollution in all its forms and to Stockholm.
tackle specific environmental 2. Creation of a government
problems that are peculiar to authority to regulate industry
different parts of the country. that can issue direct orders
including closure orders.
3. Coordinating activities of
different agencies that are
operating under the existing
laws.
4. Enacting regular laws for the
protection of the
environment.

9 The Water The Water (Prevention and The Act was amended in 1988. The
(Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act was Water (Prevention and Control of
Control of enacted in 1974 to provide for the Pollution) Cess Act was enacted in
Pollution) Act, 1974 prevention and control of water 1977, to provide for the levy and
pollution, and for the maintaining collection of a cess on water
or restoring of wholesomeness of consumed by persons operating and
water in the country. carrying on certain types of
industrial activities. The Act was
last amended in 2003.

10 The energy The Energy Conservation Act, The Act has set up the Bureau of
conservation act, 2001 provides a framework for Energy Efficiency to recommend
2001 regulating energy consumption regulations and standards for energy
and promoting energy efficiency consumption.
and energy conservation. These apply to appliances, vehicles,
Energy efficiency means using industrial and commercial
less energy to perform the same establishments and buildings.
task.

11 Biological diversity The Biological Diversity Act, Salient Features of the Act :
act 2002 2002 was born out of India’s It prohibits the following activities
attempt to realise the objectives without the prior approval from the
enshrined in the United Nations National Biodiversity Authority:
Convention on Biological Any person or organization (either
Diversity (CBD) 1992 which based in India or not) obtaining any
recognizes the sovereign rights of biological resource occurring in
states to use their own Biological India for its research or commercial
Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1
 Resources. utilization. The transfer of the
results of any research relating to
The act was enacted in 2002. any biological resources occurring
It aims at the conservation of in, or obtained from, India.
biological resources, managing its The claim of any intellectual
sustainable use and enabling fair property rights on any invention
and equitable sharing of benefits based on the research made on the
arising out of the use and biological resources obtained from
knowledge of biological resources India.
with the local communities. The Act provides these authorities
with special funds and a separate
The act envisaged a three-tier budget in order to carry out any
structure to regulate the access to research project dealing with the
biological resources: The National biological natural resources of the
Biodiversity Authority (NBA) The country. It shall supervise any use of
State Biodiversity Boards (SBBs) biological resources and the
The Biodiversity Management sustainable use of them and shall
Committees (BMCs) (at local take control over the financial
level) investments and their return and
dispose of those capitals as correct.

12 The National Green National Green Tribunal has been The other laws that NGT deals with,
Tribunal Act, 2010 established on 18.10.2010 under include:
the National Green Tribunal Act ● The Water (Prevention and
2010 for effective and expeditious Control of Pollution) Act,
disposal of cases relating to 1974.
environmental protection and ● The Water (Prevention and
conservation of forests and other Control of Pollution) Cess
natural resources including Act, 1977.
enforcement of any legal right ● The Forest (Conservation)
relating to environment and giving Act, 1980.
relief and compensation for ● The Air (Prevention and
damages to persons and property Control of Pollution) Act,
and for matters connected 1981.
therewith or incidental thereto. It ● The Environment
is a specialized body equipped (Protection) Act, 1986.
with the necessary expertise to
● The Public Liability
handle environmental disputes
Insurance Act, 1991.
involving multi-disciplinary
issues.
The Tribunal is mandated to make
endeavors for disposal of
The Tribunal shall not be bound
applications or appeals finally
by the procedure laid down under
within 6 months of filing the same.
the Code of Civil Procedure,
Initially, the NGT is proposed to be
1908, but shall be guided by
set up at five places of sittings and
principles of natural justice.
will follow circuit procedure for
making itself more accessible.

Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1

 New Delhi is the Principal Place of
Sitting of the Tribunal and Bhopal,
Pune, Kolkata and Chennai shall be
the other four places of sitting of the
Tribunal.

President of India granted assent to three significant bills to overhaul the country’s criminal
justice system. More on the news • The three Acts include:

S.No New Bill Old name

1 Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita 2023 Indian Penal Code (IPC), 1860.

2 Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC), 1973.

Sanhita 2023

3 Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam Indian Evidence Act, 1872.

2023

Constitution (Application to Jammu and Kashmir) Order, 2019

On August 5th, 2019, the President of India promulgated an order titled ‘Constitution
(Application to Jammu and Kashmir) Order, 2019’. This order stated that the provisions
of the Indian Constitution are now applicable in the State of Jammu and Kashmir.
Key Implications
● This order effectively meant that all the provisions that formed the basis of a separate
Constitution for Jammu and Kashmir were abrogated.
● With this, Article 35A was automatically scrapped.
Jammu and Kashmir Reorganization Act, 2019
Parliamentary Enactment
Following the promulgation of the order, the Parliament of India enacted the Jammu and
Kashmir Reorganization Act, 2019.
Reorganization of the State
● This act bifurcated the State of Jammu and Kashmir into two separate Union
Territories (UTs):
○ Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir
○ Union Territory of Ladakh

Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1

National Current Affairs in News

S.No Topic Significance

BHIM UPI QR ● Currently, BHIM UPI QR has gained acceptance

in Singapore, UAE, Mauritius, Nepal and Bhutan.
● Facilitated by NIPL (NPCI International
Payments Limited), a wholly owned subsidiary of
National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI)

National Sickle Cell ● aim to eliminate the disease from the country by
Anaemia 2047
● implemented jointly by Ministry of Health and
Family Welfare and Ministry of Tribal Affairs in
collaboration with ICMR and States concerned

Amazon Future ● National Education Society for Tribal Students

Engineer Programme (NESTS), under Union Ministry of Tribal Affairs,
launched the Phase II of the ‘Amazon Future
Engineer Programme’ in 54 Eklavya Model
Residential Schools (EMRS) spread across
Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh,
Odisha, Rajasthan and Telangana.
● The second phase would include an Advanced
Block Programming and Artificial Intelligence
curriculum.

Prime Minister Shri ● total outlay of Rs. 24,104 crore (Central Share:
Narendra Modi Rs.15,336 crore and State Share: Rs.8,768 crore)
approved Pradhan to focus on 11 critical interventions through
Mantri Janjati 9-line Ministries. Prime Minister Shri Narendra
Adivasi Nyaya Maha
Modi launched PM-JANMAN Mission for
Abhiyan
(PM-JANMAN) development of most Vulnerable Tribal Groups,
on the occasion of the Jan Jatiya Gaurav Divas
(15th November, 2023).
● India has 75 communities located in 18 States
and the Union Territory of Andaman and Nicobar
Islands that have been categorized as Particularly
Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs)

1. Jal Jeevan ● launched by Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi

Mission in August 2019
● this mission has achieved a significant milestone,
reaching 13.91 crore households with tap water
connections
● World Health Organisation released a

Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1

 groundbreaking report in June 2023
highlighting the substantial benefits of the 'Har
Ghar Jal' program in India.
● The report estimates that ensuring safely
managed drinking water for all households in the
country could avert nearly 400,000 deaths caused
by diarrheal diseases and prevent approximately
14 million Disability Adjusted Life Years
(DALYs) related to these diseases.

COP 28 - Women and ● The 'Women and Water' theme at COP 28 in

Water: the UAE (30th November-12th December, 2023)
featured a presentation by JS & MD (SBM-G),
DOWS, showcasing achievements under SBM-G
and JJM. The event focused on WASH issues,
emphasizing the impact of these flagship
programs on women's lives in India.

Swachhata Hi Seva ● launched by Hon'ble PM in 2017

{SHS): ● organized every year from 15th September- 2nd
October.
● This year, the theme was Garbage-Free India

PM VISHWAKARMA ● ‘PM Vishwakarma’, aims at improving the

quality as well as the reach of products and
services of artisans and craftspeople and to
ensure that the ‘Vishwakarmas’ are integrated
into the domestic and global value chains.
● The Scheme was announced on 1st February,
2023 in the Budget Speech for the financial year
2023-24.
● PM Vishwakarma is a Central Sector Scheme,
fully funded by the Government of India, with an
initial outlay of Rs. 13,000 crore for an initial
period of five years i.e. during 2023-24 to
2027-28.

MSME Champions 1. The objective of the MSME Champions Scheme

is to pick up clusters and enterprises and
modernize their processes, reduce wastages,
sharpen business competitiveness, and facilitate
their National and Global reach and excellence.
2. The Scheme has three components, namely,
‘MSME-Sustainable’ (ZED),
‘MSME-Competitive’ (LEAN) and
‘MSME-Innovative’ (Incubation, Design, IPR

RAMP Scheme ● Raising and Accelerating MSME Performance

Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1

 Programme (RAMP) Scheme aims at
strengthening institutions and governance at the
Centre and State, improving Centre-State
linkages and partnerships and improving access
of MSMEs to market and credit, technology
upgradation and addressing the issues of delayed
payments and greening of MSMEs
● Supported by world bank
● Three sub-schemes were launched under RAMP
viz., (i) MSE-GIFT (MSE Green Investment and
Financing for Transformation, with an outlay of
Rs. 478 crore for providing interest subvention
and guarantee for MSE loans for identified green
technologies) (ii) MSE-SPICE (MSE Scheme for
Promotion of Investment in Circular Economy),
with an outlay of Rs. 472.50 crore for providing
25% capital subsidy to MSEs for adopting
circular economy (iii) MSE Scheme on Online
Dispute Resolution for Delayed Payments with
an outlay of Rs.188.97 crore.

India Ranks in ● India, 4th globally in Renewable Energy Installed

Renewable Energy Capacity
● 4th Rank in Wind Power capacity
● 5th Rank in Solar Power capacity
●

National Green ● The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy is

Hydrogen Mission implementing the National Green Hydrogen
Mission, approved by the Union Cabinet on 4th
January 2023, with an outlay of ₹ 19,744 crore.
The overarching objective of the Mission is to
make India the Global Hub for production, usage
and export of Green Hydrogen and its
derivatives.
● The Strategic Interventions for Green
Hydrogen Transition (SIGHT) Programme, is a
major financial measure under the Mission with
an outlay of ₹ 17,490 crore. The programme
consists of two distinct financial incentive
mechanisms to support domestic manufacturing
of electrolysers and production of Green
Hydrogen.

SVAMITVA Scheme ● (Survey of Villages and Mapping with

Improvised Technology in Village Areas
● SVAMITVA Scheme was launched by the Prime
Minister on National Panchayati Raj Day, 24th

Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1

 April 2020 with a resolve to enable economic
progress of Rural India by providing “Record of
Rights” to every rural household owner.
● National Awards for e-Governance 2023:
SVAMITVA Scheme won Gold Prize in use of
Emerging Technology for providing citizen
centric services organized by DARPG at Indore,
Madhya Pradesh in October 2023.
● SVAMITVA Scheme also conferred with Gold
award for Innovative Use of Technology in
e-Governance for Digital Transformation at
Digitech Conclave 2023 organized at Goa in
August 2023
●

“mActionSoft ● Ministry of Panchayati Raj has developed

“mActionSoft” – a mobile based solution to help
in capturing photos with Geo-Tags (i.e. GPS
Coordinates) for the works which have asset as
an output. Geo-tagging of the assets is done in all
three stages viz. (i) before start of the work, (ii)
during the work and (iii) on completion of work

ADVIKA ● a Superior Drought Tolerant High-Yielding

Chickpea Variety: An improved drought tolerant
desi chickpea variety “ADVIKA (NC 7)” was
developed by introgression of an ABC transporter
gene in the genetic background of JG 16 that
enhances seed weight and yield (7% high) under
drought stress.

Vaccine ● India’s 1st indigenously developed quadrivalent

Development in India Human Papilloma Virus (qHPV) vaccine against
cervical cancer;
● World’s 1st and India’s indigenously developed
DNA based Vaccine, ZyCoV-D
● India’s 1st protein subunit vaccine for
COVID-19, CORBEVAXTM;
● India’s indigenously developed mRNA vaccine
GEMCOVAC-19™;
● India’s 1st intranasal COVID-19 Vaccine,
iNCOVACC; India’s 1st Omicron booster
vaccine based on mRNA Platform,
GEMCOVAC- OM.

First gene therapy ● Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation

clinical trial in India (CDSCO) approved India’s first gene therapy
clinical trial for Hemophilia A involving a novel

Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1

 hematopoietic stem cell based lentiviral
vector-based gene therapy technology.

Indian SARS-CoV-2 ● Indian SARS-CoV-2 Genomic Consortium

Genomic (INSACOG) consisting of 57 labs and 300+
Consortium sentinel sites has sequenced and analysed >3.0
(INSACOG) lakh COVID-19 positive samples so far.

Indian Biological ● the first National repository for life science data
Data Centre (IBDC) in India, established at Regional centre of
Biotechnology (RCB), an autonomous institute of
DBT at Faridabad. IBDC is being developed
under active collaboration with NIC, NII and
ICGEB, New Delhi

WHO-Global Summit ● First ever Global Summit on Traditional

on Traditional Medicine (17-18 August 2023) was organised by
Medicine & Gujarat the World Health Organisation, and co-hosted by
Declaration: the Ministry of Ayush, in Gandhinagar, Gujarat.
The main outcomes of the global summit were
released by the World Health Organisation in the
form of Gujarat declaration
● “Gujarat Declaration” emphasised that the
importance of Traditional Medicine is recognised
for the attainment of universal health coverage

Ayurtech IIT Jodhpur ● Ministry of Ayush under Centre of Excellence

(CoE) scheme has sponsored the AyurTech center
at the IIT Jodhpur in May 2023.
● The CoE AyurTech is part of the Centre of
Excellence in Artificial Intelligence (AI) based
Precision Healthcare at the school of Artificial
Intelligence and Data Science (AIDE) at IIT
Jodhpur

‘Hello! UPI’, ● an AI-voice-enabled payment feature built by

Bhashini (under MeitY) along with NPCI,

“MUDRA - Funding ● Launched on 8th April 2015

the Unfunded” ● Purpose: For financing income-generating small
business enterprises in manufacturing, trading
and service sectors, including activities allied to
agriculture such as poultry, dairy, beekeeping,
etc. Term loan and Working Capital requirements
can both be met
● Member Lending Institutions: Banks,
Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) &
Micro Finance Institutions (MFIs)

Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1

 ● Categories: Shishu – upto Rs.50,000/-, Kishor –
above Rs.50,000 & up to Rs.5.00 lakh, Tarun –
above Rs.5.00 lakh & up to Rs.10.00 lakh
● No insistence on collateral

Stand Up India ● Launched on 5th April 2016

Scheme ● Objective: To facilitate loans from Scheduled
Commercial Banks (SCBs) of value between Rs.
10 lakh and Rs.1 Crore to Scheduled Caste (SC) /
Scheduled Tribe (ST) and woman borrower i.e. at
least two loans per bank branch for setting up a
greenfield enterprise. Greenfield enterprises in
trading, manufacturing, services sectors &
Activities allied to agriculture
● Eligible borrowers: SC/ST/Women
entrepreneurs above 18 years of age
● Composite Loan (inclusive of term loan and
working capital) between Rs.10 lakh and Rs.100
lakh
● Loan for setting up a new enterprise in
manufacturing, trading or service sectors and
activities allied to agriculture.
●

Prime Minister’s ● Prime Minister’s Development Initiative for

Development North East Region (PM-DevINE), was
Initiative for North announced as a new Central Sector scheme, with
East (PM-DevINE) 100% Central funding, in the Union Budget
2022-23
● The objectives of PM-DevINE scheme are to: (i)
fund infrastructure convergently, in the spirit of
PM Gati Shakti; (ii) support social development
projects based on felt needs of the NER; (iii)
enable livelihood activities for youth and women;
and (iv) fill the development gaps in various
sector

Inauguration of ● The ambitious Akhaura Agartala New Rail Line

Agartala-Akhaura Project has been inaugurated by Hon’ble Prime
Rail Link Project Minister of India Shri Narendra Modi and
Hon’ble Prime Minister of Bangladesh Smt.
Sheikh Hasina on 01/11/2023.
● The Project is funded by Government of India
under Aid Grant to Bangladesh on Bangladesh
side and Ministry of DoNER on Indian side.
● An important objective for the Project is that
Maitree Express that is running between Kolkata
to Dhaka could be extended upto Agartala,
Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1
 reducing the time for travel from 38 hours to 16
hours. The total route length of work is 12.24 km

Ayushman Bharat ● The first component pertains to creation of

1,50,000 Health and Wellness Centres
(AB-HWCs)
● Second component Ayushman Bharat Pradhan
Mantri - Jan Arogya Yojana (AB PM-JAY) is the
largest publicly funded health assurance scheme
in the world which provides health cover of Rs. 5
lakhs per family per year for secondary and
tertiary care hospitalization.

Measles Rubella ● India is committed to Measles Rubella

Elimination Elimination by December 2023.

National TB ● Goal to eliminate TB by 2025, five years ahead

Elimination of the global targets of 2030, the Ministry
Programme (NTEP) implements the National TB Elimination
Programme with the following objectives:

Global Initiative on ● Under India’s G 20 Presidency, India identified

Digital Health: Digital Health as one of its key health priorities
namely- “Digital Health Innovation & Solutions
to aid UHC & improve Healthcare Service
Delivery” and proposed the Global Initiative on
Digital Health - a WHO Managed Network as an
institutional framework for the development of
global digital health ecosystem.
● ICMR has established NIIH-Centre for Research,
Management and Control of
Haemolglobinopathies at Chandrapur,
Maharashtra to address the problem of sickle cell
anemia,
● India has set the goal of achieving malaria
elimination by 2030.
●

● ‘Garba of Gujarat’ has been inscribed on the

Intangible Cultural UNESCO’s Representative List of the Intangible
Heritage of Cultural Heritage of Humanity.
Humanity.

Inclusion in ● The 45th World Heritage Committee meeting was

UNESCO’s World held in 2023 at Riyadh (Saudi Arabia) wherein
Heritage List Santiniketan and Hoysala temples (Sacred
Ensembles of Hoysalas) from India were
inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage
List.
Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1
 ● Santiniketan in West Bengal is a university set up
by the Nobel Laureate, Rabindranath Tagore,
based on ancient Indian traditions and reflecting
his vision and philosophy of recognizing unity of
humanity or ‘Visva Bharati’.
● The Sacred Ensembles of Hoysalas comprise
three magnificent 13th century temples of the
Hoysala Dynasty in Karnataka, namely
Hoysalesvara Temple Helebidu, Channakeshava
Temple Belur, and Keshava Temple
Somnathapur.
● This takes India’s World Heritage Sites to 42
(Cultural-34, Natural- 7, Mix-1), putting India in
the 6th position for the maximum number of sites
on the World Heritage list of UNESCO.

UNESCO Creative ● In 2023, Gwalior and Kozhikode were included

Cities Network in the UNESCO Creative Cities Network as
creative cities of Music and Literature
respectively.

first Indian Art, ● Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi inaugurated

Architecture & the first Indian Art, Architecture & Design
Design Biennale Biennale (IAADB) 2023, held at Red Fort.
(IAADB) 2023, During the programme, PM inaugurated the
‘Aatmanirbhar Bharat Centre for Design’ and the
student Biennale-Sammunnati.

Mera Gaon Meri ● Mera Gaon Meri Dharohar platform was

Dharohar launched on 27th July 2023 at Qutub Minar, New
Delhi. A Craft exhibition and market was
organized at the venue along with folk dance and
music performances with the representatives of
1000 villages.

Utkarsh” ● India’s largest Folk and Tribal Cultural event

“Utkarsh” was organised from 3rd to 5th
August, 2023 at Ravindra Bhavan, Bhopal,
Madhya Pradesh which was inaugurated by
Hon’ble President of India, Smt. Droupadi
Murmu

GPAI Summit ● The Three-Day GPAI Summit held in New

Delhi; More than 150 Startups and major tech
companies showcased their AI applications
and products in the Global AI Expo
● India, as the Incoming Support Chair of the
Global Partnership on Artificial Intelligence

Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1

 (GPAI), stands at the forefront, hosted the annual
GPAI Summit from December 12-14, 2023 in
New Delhi.
● The GPAI Summit began uniting representatives
from 28 member countries and the European
Union, forging an extraordinary platform for
profound discussions on the urgent matters
shaping the ever-evolving landscape of Artificial
Intelligence (AI).

Memorandum of ● Cabinet approves Memorandum of Cooperation

Cooperation signed signed between India and Kingdom of Saudi
between India and Arabia on cooperation in the field of Digitization
Kingdom of Saudi and Electronic manufacturing
Arabia

SemiconIndia 2023 ● The three-day SemiconIndia 2023 was

in Gandhinagar inaugurated by Prime Minister, Shri Narendra
Modi
● India Semiconductor Mission organised
SemiconIndia 2023 Conference in July 2023 with
the theme ‘Catalysing India’s Semiconductor
Ecosystem’.

Foreign Trade Policy ● The Key Approach to the policy is based on

2023 these 4 pillars: (i) Incentive to Remission, (ii)
Export promotion through collaboration -
Exporters, States, Districts, Indian Missions, (iii)
Ease of doing business, reduction in transaction
cost and e-initiatives and (iv) Emerging Areas
● The FTP 2023 encourages recognition of new
towns through “Towns of Export Excellence
Scheme” and exporters through “Status Holder
Scheme”.

Indo-Pacific Recently, the union Minister of Commerce & Industry

Economic joined the Indo-Pacific Economic Framework for
Framework for Prosperity (IPEF) Virtual Ministerial Meeting.
Prosperity (IPEF) ● It is a regional arrangement to build cooperation
and economic integration in the Indo-Pacific
region.
● It was launched in May 2022.
● This framework is intended to advance
resilience, sustainability, inclusiveness, economic
growth, fairness, and competitiveness for
member economies.
● IPEF will seek to complement and build on
existing regional architecture and support the
global rules-based trading system.

Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1

 ● Member countries: It has 14 regional partners –
Australia, Brunei, Fiji, India, Indonesia, Japan,
the Republic of Korea, Malaysia, New Zealand,
the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, the United
States, and Vietnam.
● The economic framework broadly rests on four
pillars: Trade, Supply chain resilience, Clean
Energy, Decarbonization, and Infrastructure
Taxes and anti-corruption measures
● The IPEF is not a Free Trade Agreement (FTA),
but it allows members to negotiate the parts they
want to.
● India and IPEF:

○ India has been actively participating in the

IPEF, but not in all pillars.

○ India has decided to opt out of the trade

pillar of the IPEF as most issues promoted
by the IPEF do not align with India's trade
policies.

Ongoing Free Trade ● India-European Union (EU) Free Trade

Agreement Agreement (FTA)
negotiations ● India-UK FTA negotiations were launched on
13th January 2022
● India-Australia Comprehensive Economic
Cooperation Agreement (CECA) builds on the
foundation laid by the India-Australia Economic
Cooperation and Trade Agreement (ECTA)

India’s achievements ● As per India’s first Nationally Determined

against the NDC Contribution (NDC) submitted in the year 2015,
targets- India had the target of:
● Reducing the emissions intensity of its GDP by
33 to 35 percent by 2030 from 2005 level; and
● Achieving about 40 percent cumulative electric
power installed capacity from non-fossil
fuel-based energy resources by 2030.
● These two targets have been achieved well ahead
of the time. As on 31st October, 2023;
● the cumulative electric power installed capacity
from non-fossil fuel-based energy resources is
186.46 MW, which is the 43.81% of the total
cumulative electric power installed capacity. The
emission intensity of its GDP has been reduced
by 33 percent between 2005 and 2019.

Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1

 Green Credit ● Green Credit Initiative was launched by Hon’ble
Programme (GCP) Prime Minister on the side-lines of COP 28.
● It is an initiative within the governments
Lifestyle for Environment or LIFE movement.
The Green Credit Rules, 2023, has been notified
on 12th October 2023 under the Environment
Protection Act 1986.
● These rules put in place a mechanism to
encourage voluntary environmental positive
actions resulting in issuance of green credits.

India Cooling Action ● India is the first country in the world to develop a
Plan: comprehensive Cooling Action Plan, which seeks
to provide an integrated vision towards cooling
across sectors encompassing inter alia reducing
cooling demand, refrigerant transition, enhancing
energy efficiency and better technology options
with a 20-year time horizon

Mangrove Initiative ● launched on the World Environment Day (5th

for Shoreline June 2023) by the Hon’ble Prime Minister. The
Habitats & Tangible aim of the MISHTI is to “Restoration of
Incomes (MISHTI) mangrove forests” by undertaking mangrove
reforestation/ afforestation measures along the
coast of India by adopting existing best practices
in India and globally.
● Ministry has prepared a proposal and same has
been submitted to National CAMPA authority for
allocation of funds under MISHTI for FY
2023-24.
● Rs.100 Crores have been allocated as Project
outlay for the FY 2023-24.

Blue Flag Beaches: ● There were no blue flag certified beaches in India
in 2014. Government of India initiated the beach
development work and 08 beaches conferred blue
flag certification in 2020. In 2022, total 12
beaches had blue flag certification.

Transcontinental ● 8 cheetahs from Namibia and 12 cheetahs from

relocation of South Africa have been translocated to Kuno
Cheetah National Park in Sept’22 and Feb, 2023
respectively. Cheetah had become extinct in the
country in the late 1940/early 1950s.

50 years of project ● As per the latest Tiger Census report released in

tiger: August 2023 India is home to more than 75%
tiger population of the world.

Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1

 ● Tiger Estimation (2022) shows an increase from
2226 in 2014 to 3,682 in 2023 with 12 tiger
reserves with Outstanding category.
● International Big Cat Alliance (IBCA) has been
launched by the Hon’ble Prime Minister of India
on 9th April 2023 for conserving global big cats
including tiger.

Global Maritime India ● GMIS 2023, organized by MoPSW, was the

Summit (GMIS), 2023 largest summit ever conducted in Mumbai.
● The Honorable Prime Minister inaugurated the
summit and launched the 'Maritime Amrit Kaal
Vision 2047'.
● Ministers from 10 foreign countries, official
delegations, business delegates, and exhibitors
from 42 countries participated.

Green Hydrogen hub ● In September 27, 2023, Green Hydrogen NGEL

in Kolkata signed an agreement with SMP, Kolkata to
develop a Green Hydrogen hub in Kolkata.
● SMP, Kolkata and Saif Powertec Ltd, Bangladesh
signed an MoU on September 25, 2023, to
establish a new multimodal transport route for
container movement between India and
Bangladesh.

First International ● On November 3rd, 2023, Costa Serena, the first

Cruise Liner in India international cruise liner in India, was launched
from Mumbai by the Union Minister of MoPSW.
● This is a significant milestone in the history of
cruising and tourism in India and was made
possible by the "Dekho Apna Desh" campaign of
the Honorable Prime Minister.

Rajiv Gauba panel ● The Union government has formed a

on SC sub five-member committee of Secretaries, chaired
catergerisation by the Cabinet Secretary.

Global Alliance for ● Recently, India has joined the Global Alliance for
Circular Economy Circular Economy and Resource Efficiency
and Resource (GACERE). About GACERE: It is an alliance of
Efficiency (GACERE governments at the global level willing to work
together on and advocate for a global just circular
economy transition and more sustainable
management of natural resources.
● Established by: The European Commission on
behalf of the European Union (EU), and by
UNEP, in coordination with the UNIDO.

Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1

 ● Total Members: 17 including Canada, Japan,
Switzerland, India & EU.

International Big ● Hon’ble Prime Minister launched the

Cats Alliance (IBCA) International Big Cat Alliance (IBCA) for
conservation of seven big cats namely Tiger,
Lion, Leopard, Snow Leopard, Cheetah, Jaguar
and Puma that inhabit our planet.
● The alliance aims to reach out to range countries
covering the natural habitats of Tiger, Lion, Snow
Leopard, Puma, Jaguar, and Cheetah.
● IBCA would further strengthen global
cooperation and efforts to conserve the wild
denizens, especially the big cat

new Tiger Reserves ● new tiger reserve “Rani Durgavati" in Madhya

Pradesh, the total number of tiger reserves in the
county has gone up to 54 with more than 78,000
Square KM area and covers more than 2.30% of
geographical area of India

Conservation In the current year, six tiger reserves namely

Assured' Tiger 1. Kali,
Standards (CA|TS)
2. Melghat,
accreditation of Tiger
Reserves in India 3. Navegaon
4. Nagzira,
5. Pilibhit
6. Periyar
have been awarded with CA|TS accreditation. So far a
total of 23 tiger reserves of India have received CA|TS
accreditation.

Tx2 award for indian ● Pench Tiger Reserve (Madhya Pradesh) and
Tiger Reserves Pench Tiger Reserve (Maharashtra) jointly and
Satpura Tiger Reserve (Madhya Pradesh) have
been awarded with Tx2 award, which is instituted
by a consortium of international organization
namely GEF, UNDP, IUCN, WWF and GTF.

50 Years @ Project ● The Centrally Sponsored Scheme o A

Tiger commemorative event “Commemoration of 50
years of Project Tiger” was inaugurated by
Hon'ble Prime Minister of India in Mysuru,
Karnataka on 9th April 2023.
● The Prime Minister also released the
publications - ‘Amrit Kaal Ka Vision For Tiger
Conservation’, a summary report of the 5th cycle
of Management Effectiveness Evaluation of Tiger
Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1
 Reserves, summary report of All India Tiger
Estimation (5th cycle) and declared tiger
numbers.
● He also released a commemorative coin on the
completion of 50 years of Project Tiger.
● India is now home to more than 70% of world's
wild tigers:- As per the 5th cycle of All India
Tiger Estimation 2022 summary report released
by Hon'ble Prime Minister of India during Project
Tiger’s commemorative event
● India has a minimum of 3167 tigers and now is
home to more than 70% of wild tiger population
of the world.
● commendable annual growth rate of 6.1% per
annum.

Key highlights of NFHS-5 (2019-21):

In NFHS-5(2019-21) 32 States/UTs have shown reduction in early marriages and 25 have

shown reduction in prevalence of teenage pregnancies as compared to NFHS-4.
○ Total Fertility Rate (TFR) has declined from 2.7 in NFHS 3 (2005-06) to 2.0 in
NFHS 5 (2019-21) which is below replacement level.
○ Out of 36 States/UTs, 31 States/UTs have achieved replacement TFR of 2.1 or less.
○ Modern Contraceptive usage has increased substantially from 48.5% from NFHS
3(2005-06) to 56.5% in NFHS 5 (2019-21).
○ Unmet Need for Family Planning has declined from 12.8% in NFHS 3 (2005-06)
to 9.4% in NFHS 5(2019-21)
○ NFHS 5 shows an overall positive shift towards spacing methods (increase in all
spacing methods).

INDIA STATE OF THE FOREST REPORT-2021

Major findings:

● Maximum increase in forest cover was witnessed in Andhra Pradesh (647 sq km)
followed by Telangana (632 sq km) and Odisha (537 sq km).
● Area-wise Madhya Pradesh has the largest forest cover in the country
● Total mangrove cover in the country is 4,992 sq km, an increase of 17 sq Km
observed
● 17 states/UT’s have above 33 percent of the geographical area under forest cover
● The total forest and tree cover of the country is 80.9 million hectare which is 24.62
percent of the geographical area of the country.

Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1

● As compared to the assessment of 2019, there is an increase of 2,261 sq km in the
total forest and tree cover of the country. Out of this, the increase in the forest cover
has been observed as 1,540 sq km and that in tree cover is 721 sq km.
● Increase in forest cover has been observed in open forest followed by very dense
forest.
● Top three states showing an increase in forest cover area are Andhra Pradesh (647 sq
km) followed by Telangana (632 sq km) and Odisha (537 sq km).
● Area-wise Madhya Pradesh has the largest forest cover in the country followed by
Arunachal Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Odisha and Maharashtra.
● In terms of forest cover as percentage of total geographical area, the top five States
are Mizoram (84.53%), Arunachal Pradesh (79.33%), Meghalaya (76.00%), Manipur
(74.34%) and Nagaland (73.90%).
● 17 states/UT’s have above 33 percent of the geographical area under forest cover. Out
of these states and UT’s, five states/UTs namely Lakshadweep, Mizoram, Andaman &
Nicobar Islands, Arunachal Pradesh and Meghalaya have more than 75 percent forest
cover.
● 12 states/UTs namely Manipur, Nagaland, Tripura, Goa, Kerala, Sikkim,
Uttarakhand, Chhattisgarh, Dadra & Nagar Haveli and Daman & Diu, Assam, Odisha,
have forest cover between 33 percent to 75 percent.
● Total mangrove cover in the country is 4,992 sq km. An increase of 17 sq Km in
mangrove cover has been observed as compared to the previous assessment of 2019.
● Top three states showing mangrove cover increase are Odisha (8 sq km) followed by
Maharashtra (4 sq km) and Karnataka (3 sq km).
● Total carbon stock in the country's forest is estimated to be 7,204 million tonnes and
there is an increase of 79.4 million tonnes in the carbon stock of the country as
compared to the last assessment of 2019. The annual increase in the carbon stock is
39.7 million tonnes.

The significant features of ISFR Report

● In the present ISFR 2021, FSI has included a new chapter related to the assessment of
forest cover in the Tiger Reserves, Corridors and Lion conservation area of India.
● In this context, the decadal assessment of change in forest cover within Tiger
Reserves, Corridors and Lion conservation area helps in assessing the impact of
conservation measures and management interventions that have been implemented
over the years.
● For decadal assessment, change in forest cover, during the period between ISFR 2011
(data period 2008 to 2009) and the current cycle (ISFR 2021, data period 2019-2020)
within each Tiger Reserves has been analysed.
● A new initiative of FSI has also been documented in the form of a chapter, where the
‘Above Ground Biomass’ has been estimated.
● FSI, in collaboration with Space Application Centre (SAC), ISRO, Ahmedabad,
initiated a special study for estimation of Above Ground Biomass (AGB) at pan-India
level, using L- band of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data.
● FSI in collaboration with Birla Institute of Technology & Science (BITS) Pilani, Goa
Campus has performed a study based on ‘Mapping of Climate Change Hotspots in
Indian Forests’.
● The collaborative study was carried out with the objective to map the climatic
hotspots over the forest cover in India, using computer model-based projection of
Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1
 temperature and rainfall data, for the three future time periods i.e. year 2030, 2050
and 2085.
● The report also contains information on various parameters State/UT wise.
● Special thematic information on forest cover such as hill, tribal districts, and north
eastern region has also been given separately in the report.
● It is expected that the information given in the report would provide valuable
information for policy, planning and sustainable management of forest and tree
resources in the country.

Telangana @ISFR Report

● Hyderabad registered the highest decadal growth rate of forest cover at 146.8 per cent
between 2011-21 among the seven major cities of Ahmedabad, Bengaluru, Chennai,
Delhi, Kolkata and Mumbai
● Forest cover in Telangana was 19,854 sq km in 2015, which subsequently increased to
20,582 sq km in 2019 and to 21,214 sq kms in 2021, registering a remarkable increase
of 6.85 per cent in forest cover from 2015 to 2021
● Telangana has a total forest area of 26,969.61 sq km, accounting for 24.06 per cent of
the total geographical area of the state
● Under the state government's flagship green drive 'Telangana ku Haritha Haaram'
(green ornament to Telangana), the government had set a target to plant 230 crore
seedlings across the state from 2015-16 to 2022-23.
● Five districts - Bhadradri Kothagudem, Mulugu, Nagarkurnool, Kumuram Bheem
Asifabad, and Mancherial - together account for more than 50% of the total forest
area in the state.
● Bhadradri Kothagudem district alone accounts for nearly 16% of the total forest area
in the State.
● The forest carbon stock of the State increased by 6.68% from 2019 to 2021. The
State’s carbon density in 2021 was 76.36 tonnes per ha, witnessing a growth of 3.50%
compared to 2019.
● There are 12 protected areas in Telangana that includes 9 wildlife sanctuaries and 3
national parks covering a total area of 5,692 sq.km.
● Telangana is the 11th largest country in india in terms of Geographical Area
(1,12,077.41 Sq. Km) and 24.06% i.e., 26,969.61 Sq. Km is under a forest area.

Forest types and their percentage in Telangana:

● Moderate Dense Forest (MDF) (32.07%)
● Open Forest (OF) (31.49%)
● Very Dense Forest (VDF) (5.75%)
● other 8,274 sq.km (30.67%) includes scrubs, non-forest & water bodies
District-wise Forest statistics:

The top three districts contributing to the total forest area of the State
1. Bhadradri Kothagudem, (15.98%)
2. Mulugu (10.89%)
3. Nagarkurnool (9.26%)

Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1

The highest percentage share of forest area to its total geographical area
1. Mulugu 71.22%
2. Bhadradri Kothagudem (61.45%)
3. Kumuram Bheem Asifabad ( 54.45%)

National Parks in Telangana

1. KBR Park- Hyderabad (Smallest National park)
2. Mrugavani National park-Ranga Reddy
3. Mahavir Harina Vanasthali National Park (Largest National park in Telangana)

Tiger Reserves of Telangana

The Amrabad Tiger Reserve (ATR) :

● The Amrabad Tiger Reserve which is part of the Nallamala Forest track has rich
Biological Diversity with several endemic species of flora and fauna.
● This Forest tract is home to the largest number of Tigers in Telangana State.
● The hilly terrain of this Tiger Reserve with deep valleys and gorges forms the
catchment of the Krishna River.
● This Tiger Reserve (ATR) is one of the largest tiger reserves in India that extends
about 2611.4 Sq Km over Nagarkurnool and Nalgonda districts of Telangana State
Amrabad Tiger Reserve a well-known and well-preserved nature reserve in Nallamala
Hills, part of the Eastern Ghats chain.
● This is the second-largest Tiger Reserve in terms of core area and sixth-largest tiger
reserve in terms of total area among 51 Tiger Reserves in India.
● The reserve was notified as a sanctuary in the year 1983 and after the bifurcation of
Telugu States in 2014, it was declared as Amarabad Tiger Reserve.
● It lies in the three forest divisions of Amarabad, Achampet in Nagarkurnool district,
and Nagarjunsagar division in Nalgonda district.
● Major reservoirs like the Srishailam Dam and Nagarjunsagar Dam are fed by the river
Krishna and its several perennial streams that originate in the Tiger Reserve.
● The Telangana state wildlife board has refused to grant permission to the state
highways authority to widen the roads passing through Amrabad reserve forests,
covering the Rajiv Gandhi WildLife Sanctuary, to facilitate travel to the famous Lord
Shiva temple at Srisailam in Andhra Pradesh

The Kawal Tiger Reserve (KTR):

● Kawal Tiger Reserve is located in the North Eastern part of Telangana (Old Adilabad
district) having Godavari river on one side and Maharashtra border on other side.
● Govt of India declared Kawal wildlife sanctuary as Tiger Reserve in 2012.
● It is well known for its abundant flora and fauna.
● This sanctuary is a catchment for the rivers Godavari and Kadam, which flow towards
the south of the sanctuary.Total Area : 2015.44 Sq Km out of which core Area is 893
Sq.Km.
● The Kawal Tiger Reserve (KTR) extends in the districts of Nirmal, Mancherial,
Adilabad and KB Asifabad Districts.
Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1
 ● It is central Indian Tiger Landscape having – southern Tropical Dry Deciduous Forest
● It is contiguous to the Tadoba-Andhari Tiger Reserve in Maharashtra and Indravati
Tiger Reserve in Chhattisgarh.
● According to Tiger Census 2018, there are 26 tigers in Telangana, of which 16 tigers
are in the Amrabad Tiger Reserve and 10 in the Kawal Tiger Reserve

WILDLIFE SANCTUARIES IN TELANGANA

1. Kawal Tiger Reserve -Mancherial

2. Pocharam WildLife Sanctuary- Medak
3. Amrabad Tiger Reserve - Nagarkurnool and Nalgonda districts
4. Manjira WildLife Sanctuary - Sangareddy district
5. Kinnerasani WildLife Sanctuary - Bhadradri Kothagudem district
6. Pakhal WildLife Sanctuary -Warangal dist
7. Eturnagaram WildLife Sanctuary - Eturnagaram village in Mulugu district
8. Pranahita WildLife Sanctuary - Mancherial
9. Sivaram WildLife Sanctuary- Mancherial
Deer parks:
Kinnerasani Deer Park- Located at Bhadradri kothagudem
Pillalamarri Deer Park- Mahaboobnagar
Jawaharlal Nehru Tourist Complex (JLTC)- Medchal Malkajgiri
LMD Deer Park- Karimnagar.

Total Core Area: 43,513.02 sq km

Total Buffer Area: 35,222.58 sq km
Total Area: 78,735.60 sq km

Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1

List of Tiger Reserves in India -till Date
Sl Tiger Reserve State TR Core Buffer Total
No Notifcn Area (sq Area (sq Area (sq
Year km) km) km)
1 Bandipur Karnataka 2007 872.24 584.06 1456.30
2 Corbett Uttarakhand 2010 821.99 466.32 1288.31
Amanagarh buffer Uttar Pradesh 2012 – 80.60 80.60

3 Kanha Madhya 2007 917.43 1134.36 2051.79

Pradesh
4 Manas Assam 2008 526.22 2310.88 2837.10
5 Melghat Maharashtra 2007 1500.49 1268.03 2768.52
6 Palamau Jharkhand 2012 414.08 715.85 1129.93
Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1
7 Ranthambore Rajasthan 2007 1113.36 297.92 1411.29
8 Simlipal Orissa 2007 1194.75 1555.25 2750.00
9 Sunderban West Bengal 2007 1699.62 885.27 2584.89
10 Periyar Kerala 2007 881.00 44.00 925.00
11 Sariska Rajasthan 2007 881.11 332.23 1213.34
12 Buxa West Bengal 2009 390.58 367.32 757.90
13 Indravati Chhattisgarh 2009 1258.37 1540.70 2799.07
14 Namdapha Arunachal 1987 1807.82 245.00 2052.82
Pradesh
15 Nagarjunsagar Andhra 2007 2595.72 700.59 3296.31
Sagar Pradesh
16 Dudhwa Uttar Pradesh 2010 1093.79 1107.98 2201.77

17 Kalakad Tamil Nadu 2007 895.00 706.54 1601.54

Mundanthurai
18 Valmiki Bihar 2012 598.45 300.93 899.38
19 Pench Madhya 2007 411.33 768.30 1179.63
Pradesh
20 Tadobha Andhari Maharashtra 2007 625.82 1101.77 1727.59
21 Bandhavgarh Madhya 2007 716.90 820.03 1536.93
Pradesh
22 Panna Madhya 2007 576.13 1021.97 1598.10
Pradesh
23 Dampa Mizoram 2007 500.00 488.00 988.00
24 Bhadra Karnataka 2007 492.46 571.83 1064.29
25 Pench – MH Maharashtra 2007 257.26 483.96 741.22
26 Pakke Arunachal 2012 683.45 515.00 1198.45
Pradesh
27 Nameri Assam 2000 320.00 144.00 464.00
28 Satpura Madhya 2007 1339.26 794.04 2133.31
Pradesh
29 Anamalai Tamil Nadu 2007 958.59 521.28 1479.87
30 Udanti Sitanadi Chhattisgarh 2009 851.09 991.45 1842.54
31 Satkoshia Odisha 2007 523.61 440.26 963.87
32 Kaziranga Assam 2007 625.58 548.00 1173.58
33 Achanakmar Chhattisgarh 2009 626.19 287.82 914.02
34 Kali Karnataka 2007 814.88 282.63 1097.51
35 Sanjay Dhubri Madhya 2011 812.57 861.93 1674.50
Pradesh
36 Mudumalai Tamil Nadu 2007 321.00 367.59 688.59
37 Nagarhole Karnataka 2007 643.35 562.41 1205.76
38 Parambikulam Kerala 2009 390.89 252.77 643.66

Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1

39 Sahyadri Maharashtra 2012 600.12 565.45 1165.57
40 Biligiri Ranganatha Karnataka 2007 359.10 215.72 574.82
Temple
41 Kawal Telangana 2012 892.23 1123.21 2015.44
42 Sathyamangalam Tamil Nadu 2013 793.49 614.91 1408.40
43 Mukundara Rajasthan 2013 417.17 342.82 759.99
44 Nawegaon Nagzira Maharashtra 2013 653.67 1241.27 1894.94
45 Amrabad Telangana 2015 2166.37 445.02 2611.39
46 Pilibhit Uttar Pradesh 2014 602.79 127.45 730.25

47 Bor Maharashtra 2012 138.12 678.15 816.27

48 Rajaji Uttarakhand 2015 819.54 255.63 1075.17
49 Orang Assam 2016 79.28 413.18 492.46
50 Kamlang Arunachal 2017 671.00 112.00 783.00
Pradesh
51 Srivilliputhur Tamil Nadu 2021 641.86 374.70 1016.57
Megamalai
52 Ramgarh Vishdhari Rajasthan 2022 481.91 1019.98 1501.89
Tiger Reserve
53 Ranipur Tiger Uttar Pradesh 2022 230.31 299.05 529.36
Reserve
54 Veerangana Madhya 2023 1414.01 925.12 2339.12
Durgavati Tiger Pradesh
Reserve
55 Dholpur – Karauli Rajasthan 2023 599.64 – 599.64
Tiger Reserve

GI Tags in News

Product Name Description Origin

Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1

Kapdaganda Shawl An embroidered shawl on off-white coarse cloth with Odisha
red, yellow, and green colored threads by women of the
Dongria Kondh tribe.
Lanjia Saura Painting art belonging to the Lanjia Saura community, in Odisha
Painting the form of exterior murals.
Koraput Kala A black-colored rice variety, famous for its aroma, taste, Odisha
Jeera Rice texture, and nutritional value.
Similipal Kai A chutney made with red weaver ants by the tribals in Odisha
Chutney Odisha’s Mayurbhanj district, rich in protein, calcium,
zinc, etc.
Nayagarh Known for the prickly thorns on the stems and whole Odisha
Kanteimundi plant, with green and round fruits containing more seeds
Brinjal compared to other genotypes.
Odisha Khajuri A natural sweetener extracted from date palm trees, Odisha
Guda originating from the Gajapati district.
Dhenkanal Magji A sweet made from buffalo milk cheese, with a distinct Odisha
appearance, taste, flavor, shape, and size.

Important GI Tags in News

State Product

Assam Asharikandi terracotta craft

Pani Meteka craft

Sarthebari metal craft

Jaapi (bamboo headgear of rural Assam)

Mishing handloom products

Bihu dhol

Bodo Dokhona (traditional attire of Bodo women)

Bodo Eri silk (fabric of peace or ahimsa)

Bodo Jwmgra (traditional scarf)

Bodo Gamsa (traditional dress of Bodo men)

Bodo Thorkha (musical instrument)

Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1

 Bodo Sifung (long flute)

Banaras Banaras Thandai (drink made by blending milk with nuts, seeds, and
spices)

Banaras Tabla

Banaras Shehnai

Banaras Lal Bharwamirch

Banaras Lal Peda

Tripura Pachra-Rignai (traditional dress worn on special occasions)

Matabari Peda (sweet preparation)

Meghalaya Meghalaya Garo Textile weaving (linked to socio-cultural and religious

rituals)

Meghalaya Lyrnai Pottery

Meghalaya Chubitchi

Product Origin Description

Cuttack Rupa Cuttack, In Odia, ‘Tarakasi’ combines ‘Tara’ (wire) and

Tarakasi (Silver Odisha ‘Kasi’ (design). Artisans transform silver bricks
Filigree) into thin fine wires (tara or foils) and create
intricate designs.

Narasapur Narsapur, Known for intricate craftsmanship, unique

Crochet Lace Andhra designs, and good quality crochet craft.
Products Pradesh

Banglar Muslin West Bengal The finest sort of muslin made of cotton, spun to
create threads with tensile strength above 300
counts and up to 600 counts, higher than any other
cotton products.

Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1

 Ratlam Riyawan Madhya Known for higher oil content and bold flavors
Lahsun (Garlic) Pradesh compared to other varieties.

Ambaji White Gujarat Highly calcic marble from Ambaji, famous for its
Marble temple of Durga Devi. It has a soft, waxy look
and is often used by sculptors for carving.

Majuli Mask of Assam Made in different varieties and sizes: ‘Mukha

Assam bhaona’ (face mask), ‘Lotokoi’ (hanging mask
extending to the chest), and ‘Cho Mukha’ (head
and body mask).

Majuli Assam Illustrates stories from Hindu epics like

Manuscript Ramayana, Mahabharata, and subjects from the
Paintings Bhagavata Purana.

Lac Bangles Hyderabad, Originated during the Mughal period over 500
Telangana years ago, flourished under royal patronage. Made
from lac (resin) and embellished with precious
and semi-precious stones.

Telangana State Demographic Features

Local Bodies in Telangana

Gram Panchayats - 12,769

Municipalities- 142 (Before State formation- 68)

municipal corporations-13 (Before state formation -6)

Urband Development Authorities- 11 (Before state formation-3)

Districts with Higest Mandals

1. Nalgonda (31)
2. Nizamabad (27)
3. Sangareddy(25)

Districts with lowest Mandals

Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1

 1. Medchal(5)
2. Mulugu(9)
3. Narayanpet and Jayashankar (11)

Districts with highest Muncipalities

1. Rangareddy-13
2. Medchal-9
3. Sangareddy-7

Districts with highest Gram panchayats

1. Sangareddy-601
2. Rangareddy-599
3. Nalgonda- 566

Demographic details

● The total population of Telangana -3,50,03,674.

● This was nearly 2.89% of the population of India in 2011.
● Females Population -1,73,92,041
● Males Population - 1,76,11,633
● The share of females Population - 49.7%
● The share of females Population - 50.3%

Sex Ratio Details of Telangana

● Telangana state sex ratio-988.

District with lowest sex ratio in the state-

1. Rangareddy(950)
2. Hyderabad
3. Medchal-Malkajgiri

District with Highest sex ratio

1. Nirmal (1046)
2. Nizamabad(1044)
3. Jagityal(1036)

Child Sex Ratio Indicatiors of Telangana

● Total- 38,99,166 children (0-6 years)

● child sex ratio (0-6 years) in the state is 932.

lowest child sex ratio in the state

1. Wanaparthy and Mahbubabad, (903)

2. Nagarkurnool (909)
3. Mancherial and Warangal (911)
Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1
highest child sex ratio in the state

1. Mulugu (971)
2. Bhadradri (964)
3. Sangareddy (955)

Rural Urban demographic distribution

● Urban a population of Telangana 1,36,08,665

● Rural population of Telangana 2,13,95,009
● The share of the urban population in the state is 38.9%
● The share of the rural population in the state is 61.1%.

Most urbanized districts in the state

1. Hyderabad (100%)
2. Medchal Malkajgiri (91.5%)

Least urbanized districts in the state

1. Mulugu
2. Narayanpet

Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes

● The total SC populations of Telangana - are 54,08,800

● Total ST populations of Telangana - 31,77,940
● The scheduled castes population - 15.5% of the state’s total population
● The scheduled Tribe population 9.1% of the state’s total population

highest share of SC population

1. Mancherial (24.7%)
2. Jayashankar Bhupalpally (22.1%)

Lowest share of SC population

1. Hyderabad ( 6.3%)
2. Medchal- Malkajgiri and 9.4%

Strength wise highest and lowest SC Population

1. Highest SC population- Rangareddy district,

2. Lowest SC Population- Mulugu district.

Scheduled Tribes in Telangana

ST Population Percentage - 9.1%

Total ST Population - 31,77,940

Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1

highest share of ST population

1. Mahabubabad (37.8)

2. Bhadradri (36.7)

3. Adilabad (31.7)

Lowest share of ST population

1. Hyderabad (1.2)

2. Karimnagar (1.3)

3. Jogulamba Gadwal (1.4)

Literacy Rate Details

The total literacy rate of the state is 66.5%.

● Females’ literacy rate -58.0%

● Males’ literacy rate 75.0%.
● The literacy rate among the rural population is 57.3%
● The literacy rate among urban population is 81.1%

Districts with Low Literacy rates

1. Jogulamba Gadwal
2. Narayanpet
3. Nagarkurnool

Districts with Highest Literacy rates

1. Hyderabad
2. Medchal-Malkajgiri
3. Hanumakonda

Population Density

Population Density (Per Sq.Km) 312

Highest Population Density Districts

4. Hyderabad
5. Medchal-Malkajgiri
6. Hanumakonda

Lowest Population Density Districts

1. Mulugu
2. Kumuram Bheem
3. Nagarkurnool
Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1
Note: This Data was Taken from Telangana State Statistical Abstract, 2022

Few new mandal were added in 2022 and 2023, so kindly make note of it

IMPORTANT MILITARY EXERCISES IN NEWS

What is “Exercise VINBAX 2022” ? (TSPSC Group-1 PYQ 2022 )

A. It is the 3rd edition of Vietnam-India bilateral army drill.
B. It is held at the Dalhousie Cantonment, Himachal Pradesh.
C. It is held at the ChandiMandir Military Station, Haryana.
D. The last such drill was held in Vietnam in 2019.
E. The Exercise was focused on deployment of army engineers and medical teams in
United Nations peacekeeping operations.
Choose the correct answer:
1. A, B, C, D & E
2. A, C, D & E only
3. A, B & D only
4. C & D only

Defence Exercise Significance

1 VINBAX-2023 ● The Indian Armed Forces contingent arrived in

Hanoi, Vietnam for the fourth edition of Joint
Military Exercise VINBAX-2023.
● It’s an annual training event held alternately in India
and Vietnam
● 2018 (First edition-Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh)
● To enhance collaboration, promote interoperability,
and share best practices under Chapter VII of the
United Nations Charter on Peacekeeping Operations.

2 Exercise Cyclone ● 2nd Edition of the India-Egypt

● Started in Egypt
● The Indian contingent is being represented by troops
from The Parachute Regiment (Special Forces).
● Egyptian contingent is represented by the Egyptian
Commando Squadron and Egyptian Airborne
Platoon.

Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1

 ● The Exercise will involve planning and execution of
special operations in sub conventional domains and
will be conducted in three phases.

3 MILAN EXercise 2024 ● MILAN’ means 'a meeting of confluence' in Hindi

and its motto - Camaraderie Cohesion Collaboration
symbolises the enduring spirit of International
Maritime Cooperation.
● 24 Indian Navy to Host MILAN 24 Exercise in
Visakhapatnam from 21st to 24th feb.
● 12th edition of biennial multinational naval exercise.
● Participating countries Indian, Indonesia, Singapore,
Sri Lanka and Thailand
● Over 60 prominent Defence Industries of India are
participating in MTEX-24 to showcase Indigenous
‘Capability & Capacity’.

4 Exercise Sea Dragon ● A multinational maritime exercise to enhance

interoperability.
● Between India + US, Australia, South Korea and
Japan.

5 Exercise Steadfast ● Launched by North Atlantic Treaty Organization

(NATO) Significance
● NATO's largest military exercise since the Cold War
● The first part of the exercise focuses on securing the
Atlantic up to the Arctic and the second part focuses
on moving troops across Europe, from the High
North to Central and Eastern Europe
● It has approximately 90,000 troops from all 31
NATO Allies and Sweden as Invitee.

6 Ex-Ayutthaya ● 1st Bilateral Maritime Exercise.

● Between India and Thailand
● Symbolises the significance of 'Ayodhya' in India
and 'Ayutthaya' in Thailand
● 'Ayutthaya' meaning - The Invincible One or
Undefeatable

7 Exercise Desert Knight ● Conducted by Indian Air Force

● By French Air and Space Force and UAE Air Force

8 Exercise Khanjar ● India-Kyrgyzstan Joint Special Forces Exercise

Khanjar
● Conducted in Himachal Pradesh.

9 SADA TANSEEQ ● Sada Tanseeq - Joint military exercise between India

and Saudi Arabia.
● Aim To train troops of both sides for Joint

Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1

 Operations in Semi Desert terrain under Chapter VII
of the United Nations Charter
● Enable both the sides to share their best practices and
facilitate developing interoperability
● held from January 29 to February 10 in Rajasthan.

10 Exercise Dustlik Exercise DUSTLIK is a yearly event conducted

alternatively in India and Uzbekistan.
2. The Exercise is scheduled to be conducted from 15th
to 28th April 2024 at Termez, the Republic of
Uzbekistan.
3. The last edition was conducted at Pithoragarh (India)
in February 2023.

11 ‘Parivartan Chintan ● Parivartan Chintan will be the first-ever conference

of the Heads of all Tri-Services Institutions. It will
be chaired by Chief of Defence Staff, General Anil
Chauhan.
● Aim: The conference’s objective is to foster the
creation of innovative and forward-thinking
strategies, initiatives, and reforms that will accelerate
the efforts towards achieving jointness and
integration.
● Participants: The conference will see participation
from the Department of Military Affairs, the
Headquarters of the Integrated Defence Staff, and the
three Services.

12 ICG Ship Samudra ● The Minister of External Affairs recently visited

Paheredar Indian Coast Guard ship Samudra Paheredar, which
is in Manila Bay in the Philippines, as part of an
overseas deployment to ASEAN countries.
● It is a specialised Pollution Control Vessel (PCV) of
the Indian Coast Guard.
● It is the second PCV of India (the first being ICGS
Samudra Prahari).
● It is Built by ABG Shipyard, Surat
● The ship’s primary role is pollution response at sea.
It is equipped with the most advanced and
sophisticated pollution response and control
equipment for mitigating oil spills.
● It includes containment equipment like hi-sprint
booms and river booms, recovery devices like
skimmers and side sweeping arms. The ship is
capable of unhindered oil-recovery operations.

13 IMT Trilateral ● INS Tir and INS Sujata are set to join the upcoming
Exercise- 2024 India-Mozambique-Tanzania (IMT) Trilateral
(TRILAT) Exercise 2024.
Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1
 ● It is a joint maritime exercise scheduled from 21-29
Mar 24 among the Indian, Mozambique and
Tanzania navies.
● Capability development to address common threats
through training and sharing of best practices. 2.
Enhancing interoperability. 3. Strengthening
maritime cooperation.

14 EX TIGER TRIUMPH ● India and the United States will conduct a bilateral
– 24” tri-Service Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster
Relief (HADR) Exercise called Tiger Triumph – 24.
● It will take place on the Eastern Seaboard from
March 18 to March 31, 2024.
● It is the first tri-service military exercise between
India and USA.
● India has previously conducted tri-service exercises
only with Russia.
● First edition– 2019
● The exercise aims to improve cooperation between
the forces of both countries in conducting HADR
operations and to refine Standard Operating
Procedures (SOPs) for smoother coordination.

15 Bharat Shakti Exercise ● Bharat Shakti Exercise is based on the article

“Tri-service exercise ‘Bharat Shakti’ to demonstrate
prowess of indigenously manufactured equipment”
● Recently, the Integrated tri-service exercise ‘Bharat
Shakti’ was held at Pokhran in Rajasthan.
● It is an integrated tri-service exercise conducted at
Pokhran, Rajasthan. Objective
● It aims to counter any threat through synergised joint
operations.

16 Sea Defenders-2024 ● The United States Coast Guard’s (USCG) Bertholf

ship reached Port Blair ahead of the ‘Sea
Defenders-2024’ joint exercise.
● It is a joint exercise between the Indian Coast Guard
(ICG) and the United States Coast Guard (USCG).
● Location– It is scheduled to take place on March
9-10 near Port Blair’s coast of Andaman and Nicobar
Islands.
● Focus of the Joint Exercise: Maritime piracy and
other threats, simulated drone attacks on merchant
ships, joint search and rescue at sea, firefighting,
pollution response, and counter-drug operations.

17 Exercise Samudra ● The Indian Navy and the Royal Malaysian Navy are
Laksamana participating in the bilateral exercise ‘Samudra
Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1
 Laksamana’. It is taking place from February 28 to
March 2, 2024, at or off Visakhapatnam.
● Aim– The exercise aims to strengthen ties and
improve coordination between the Indian and Royal
Malaysian Navy. Command under it is conducted–
Visakhapatnam-based Eastern Naval Command
● This is the 3rd Edition of this exercise which
includes harbor professional interactions followed by
the operational phase at sea.
● Participating ships- Indian Naval Ship Kiltan and
Royal Malaysian Ship KD Lekir Note– INS Kiltan is
a Kamorta-class anti-submarine warfare corvette of
the Indian Navy.

18 Exercise ‘DHARMA ● Recently, the 5th edition of the Joint Military

GUARDIAN’ 2024 Exercise ‘DHARMA GUARDIAN’ commenced at
Mahajan Field Firing Ranges in Rajasthan, India.
● Dharma Guardian’ is a bilateral military exercise
held alternately in India and Japan.
● It is the 5th edition of the exercise.
● The Japanese contingent is being represented by
soldiers of the 34th Infantry Regiment, and the
Indian Army contingent is being represented by a
battalion of the Rajputana Rifles.
● The exercise will also showcase India’s
‘Atmanirbhar Bharat’ initiative and the growing
defense industrial capability of the country.

19 Exercise SURYA ● Nepal Army has arrived in India to participate in the

KIRAN 17th edition of Joint Military Exercise SURYA
KIRAN.
● It is a joint military exercise between India and
Nepal.
● It is Started in 2011
● To enhance interoperability in jungle warfare.
● To train in counter terrorism operations in
mountainous terrain.
● To provide Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster
Relief under the United Nations Charter on
peacekeeping operations.

20 Exercise VAJRA ● The 14th Edition of the Exercise “VAJRA

PRAHAR PRAHAR” has started at Umroi, Meghalaya.
● It is a joint exercise between Indian Army and US
Army Special Forces.

Other Exercises between India and US

1. Exercise Yudh Abhyas: It is a military exercise
between India and the US.
Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1
 2. Exercise Tiger Triumph: It is a tri-service military
exercise between India and the US.
3. Exercise Cope India: It is a series of bilateral Air
Force exercises between India and the United States.

21 Exercise MITRA ● The Ninth Edition of Joint Military exercise

SHAKTI-2023 “Exercise MITRA SHAKTI-2023” has started in
Pune, India.
● To jointly rehearse sub-conventional operations
under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter
which authorizes the UN Security Council to take
enforcement measures including the use of military
force, to address threats to international peace and
security.
Other exercises between India and Sri Lanka
Exercise SLINEX:
● It is a bilateral naval exercise between the Indian
and Sri Lankan Navy. It was started in 2005.
● The 10th edition of the exercise was held in April,
2023 in Colombo.

22 EX TIGER TRIUMPH ● Bilateral Tri-Service Humanitarian Assistance and

- 24 Disaster Relief (HADR) Amphibious Exercise
between India and US, Tiger Triumph, was held
onboard INS Jalashwa today 19 Mar 2024.
● The Harbour Phase of the exercise is being
conducted at Visakhapatnam from 18 to 25 Mar 24

23 IMT TRILAT 24) ● The second edition of India-Mozambique-Tanzania

EXERCISE Trilateral Exercise concluded at Nacala,
Mozambique on 28 Mar 24.
● The week-long exercise underscores the importance
of enhanced maritime cooperation and
interoperability between the Navies of India,
Mozambique, and Tanzania. INS Tir and Sujata
participated in IMT TRILAT 24 from 21 - 28 Mar 24
AT MUPUTO

24 EXERCISE ● INDIA - MALAYSIA BILATERAL MARITIME

SAMUDRA EXERCISE
LAKSAMANA Exercise Samudra Laksamana is underway from 28
Feb - 02 Mar 24 at/ off Visakhapatnam.
● Indian Naval Ship Kiltan and Royal Malaysian Ship
KD Lekir are participating in the 3rd edition of this
exercise which has harbour professional interactions
followed by the operational phase at sea.

Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1

25
Sahyog Kaijin ● Coast guards of India, Japan come together for 19th
Exercise annual Sahyog Kaijin Exercise
● indian Coast Guard and their Japanese counterpart
have come together for the 19th time, as a part of the
Annual Sahyog-Kaijin exercise which aimed at
improving interoperability, exchanging best practices
and validating their skill sets, standard operating
procedures.
● India has the world’s fourth-largest coast guard,
Japan Coast Guard is the second-largest.
● Japanese Coast Guard Vessel Echigo was accorded a
formal welcome at the Chennai Port on Monday, as it
arrived on a 5-day goodwill visit, that also includes
the exercise.

26 Poorvi Leher’
● INDIAN NAVY CONDUCTS extensive exercise
along the East Coast as part of efforts to check its
preparedness to meet any maritime security
challenges.
● he Indian Navy conducted Exercise Poorvi Lehar on
East Coast under the Operational Control of the Flag
Officer Commanding-in-Chief, Eastern Naval
Command

27 “EXERCISE YUDH
ABHYAS-23” ● The 19th edition of “EXERCISE YUDH ABHYAS”
will be conducted from 25th September to 8th
October 2023 in Fort Wainwright, Alaska, USA.
● It is an annual exercise conducted jointly by the
Indian Army and the United States Army. The
previous edition of the Exercise was conducted in
Auli, Uttarakhand, India in November 2022

28 EXERCISE - SALVEX
● The Seventh edition of Indian Navy – US Navy (IN –
USN) Salvage and Explosive Ordnance Disposal
(EOD) exercise, SALVEX was conducted from 26
Jun – 06 Jul 23 at Kochi. IN and USN have been
participating in joint Salvage and EOD exercises
since 2005.
● The exercise saw participation from both the navies
which included the ships – INS Nireekshak and
USNS Salvor in addition to Specialist Diving and

Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1

 EOD teams.

29 MAIDEN ● Indian Navy's indigenously built warship INS

INDIA-INDONESIA- Sahyadri, mission deployed in Indo-Pacific,
AUSTRALIA
participated in the maiden trilateral Maritime
TRILATERAL
MARITIME Partnership Exercise with the ships and aircraft from
EXERCISE the Royal Australian Navy (RAN) and Indonesian
Navy from 20 - 21 Sep 2023.
● The trilateral exercise provided an opportunity for
the three maritime nations to strengthen their
partnership and improve their collective capability to
support a stable, peaceful and secure Indo-Pacific
region.
● INS Sahyadri, the third ship of the indigenously
designed and built Project-17 class multirole stealth
frigates was built at Mazagon Dock Ltd, Mumbai
and is commanded by Capt Rajan Kapoor.

30 EXERCISE ● Tenth edition of the Joint Military Exercise

LAMITIYE – 2024 “LAMITIYE-2024” alongside the Seychelles
Defence Forces (SDF).'
● 45 personnel each from the GORKHA RIFLES of
the Indian Army and Seychelles Defence Forces
(SDF) will participate in the exercise

Indian Demographic Features- Census- 2011

Indicators Census-2011 Definitions Explanation/Current Data

Population Number of people per square It was 382 in 2011.

Density kilometer.

Natural Growth 1. Natural Growth = Births – Difference between natural

vs Actual Deaths <br> 2. Actual Growth = increase and actual growth due
Growth Births – Deaths + In Migration – to migration.
Out Migration

Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1

Decadal Population in (Latest Census 2011 It was 17.7% in 2011.
Population – Last Census 2001) / Last Census
Growth Rate 2001

Birth Rate Number of live births per 1000 It was ~20 in 2018 (SRS).
population.

Death Rate Number of deaths per 1000 It was ~6 in 2018 (SRS).

population.

Crude Birth & 1. CBR = (live births during the Provides raw data on births and
Death Rates year) x 1000 / Estimated mid-year deaths without considering age
(CBR, CDR) population <br> 2. CDR = structure.
[Number of deaths] x 1000 /
Estimated mid-year population

Population’s Difference between birth rate and Indicates natural increase in

Growth Rate death rate. population; a positive figure
means a growing population.

Fertility Rate Number of live births per 1000

women in childbearing age (15-49
years).

Total Fertility Hypothetical number of children a India’s target is 2.1 (replacement

Rate woman would have if she lived level). Declined from 2.2 (2015)
through childbearing age. to 2 (2019).

Infant Mortality Number of infant deaths (under age It was ~34/1000 in 2016 & 32 in
Rate (IMR) 1) per 1000 live births. 2018 (SRS).

Child Mortality Number of child deaths (under age It was ~50 in 2016. SDG-2030
Rate (CMR) 5) per 1000 live births. Target: 11.

Maternal Number of women who die in It was ~130 in 2016. SDG-2030

Mortality Ratio childbirth per 1 lakh live births. Target: 70.
(MMR)

Life Expectancy Estimated number of years an Indian Females (70), Males (67).
average person is expected to Higher in urban areas (72.6
survive. years) than rural areas (68.0
years). Highest in Kerala and
Delhi (75-75 years).

Sex Ratio Number of females per 1000 2011: 943. Child Sex Ratio (0-6
males. years) declined from 927 (2001)
to 919 (2011).

Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1

 Age Pyramid Structure showing the proportion
of persons in different age groups
relative to the total population.

Dependency (Population below 15 & above 64)

Ratio / Population in the 15-64 age
group.

Demographic When dependency ratio declines, Temporary phenomenon as the

Dividend and a larger proportion of people working-age population
are in the working age. eventually becomes non-working
older population.

Doctor WHO requires 1 doctor for every India has 1 doctor for every 834
Ratio 1000 people. people. (Includes both
Allopathic and Ayush).

he percentage decadal growth rates of the six most populous States have declined during
2001 during 2001- 2011 compared to 1991 2011 compared to 1991-2001:
1. • Uttar Pradesh (25.85% to 20.09%)
2. • Maharashtra (22.73% to 15.99%)
3. • Bihar (28.62% to 25.07%)
4. • West Bengal (17.77% to 13.93%)
5. • Andhra Pradesh (14.59% to 11.10%)
6. • Madhya Pradesh (24.26% to 20.30%

Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1

Population Statistics of India

Indicator Value

Total Population Around 1.38 billion

Population as per Census 2011 Around 1.22 billion

World Rank in Population 2

Percentage of World Population 17.71%

Population Density 464 per sq. km

Growth Rate 0.99%

Median Age Total: 28.1 years

Male: 27.5 years

Female: 28.9 years

Infant Mortality Rate 26.6 deaths per 1000 live births

Under-5 Mortality Rate 32.9 deaths per 1000 live births

Life Expectancy at Birth Total: 70.42 years

Male: 69.2 years

Female: 71.8 years

Rural Population Around 65%

Urban Population Around 35%

Population of Indian States (as per Census 2011)

Rank Most Populated Population Rank Least Populated Population

State State

1 Uttar Pradesh 199,812,341 1 Sikkim 610,577

2 Maharashtra 112,374,333 2 Mizoram 1,097,206

Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1

 3 Bihar 104,099,452 3 Arunachal Pradesh 1,383,727

4 West Bengal 91,276,115 4 Goa 1,458,545

5 Madhya Pradesh 72,626,809 5 Nagaland 1,980,602

Population Density by State (persons per sq. km, UTs not included)

Rank Highest Density State Density Rank Least Density State Density

1 Bihar 1106 1 Arunachal Pradesh 17

2 West Bengal 1028 2 Mizoram 52

3 Kerala 859 3 Sikkim 86

4 Uttar Pradesh 828 4 Nagaland 119

5 Haryana 573 5 Manipur 122

Literacy Rates in India (Census 2011)

Indicator Rate (%)

Total Literacy Rate 74.04

Male Literacy Rate 82.14

Female Literacy Rate 65.46

Rank Highest Literacy State Rate (%) Rank Least Literacy State Rate (%)

1 Kerala 93.91 1 Bihar 63.82

2 Lakshadweep 92.28 2 Telangana 66.5

3 Mizoram 91.58 3 Arunachal Pradesh 66.95

4 Tripura 87.75 4 Rajasthan 67.06

5 Goa 87.4 5 Andhra Pradesh 67.4

Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1

 Rank Top Three States Rate Rank Bottom Three Rate
States

1 Andaman & Nicobar Islands 0.7 1 Bihar 3.4

2 Tripura 1.3 2 Uttar Pradesh 3.1

3 Goa 1.4 3 Madhya Pradesh 2.9

Sex Ratio in India (females per 1000 males, 2013-2015)

Rank Top Three States Sex Ratio Rank Bottom Three Sex Ratio
States

1 Kerala 967 1 Haryana 831

2 Chhattisgarh 961 2 Uttarakhand 844

3 West Bengal 951 3 Gujarat 854

4 Odisha 950 4 Rajasthan 861

5 Karnataka 939 5 Delhi 869

JOIN OUR TELEGRAM CHANNEL

For UPSC, TSPSC and APPSC Quick Revision notes and TEST SERIES

Target TSPSC |Contact Us on @Younus, @Harshith,@Venkatesh | Join : @target_tspsc1