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Light

Grade 8

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khim.guzman
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20 views

Light

Grade 8

Uploaded by

khim.guzman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LESSON:Colors of Light

Color Light is a kind of energy that can travel through space in a form of wave.
Light from the sun or flashlights looks white, but it is really a mixture of many
colors. The colors in white light are red, orange, yellow, green, blue indigo and
violet.
Dispersion - is a kind of refraction which provided us colors of light. This phenomenon
is observed when white light passes through a prism.
Prism -a transparent optical element with flat and polished surfaces that disperses
light.
-has a triangular base and rectangular sides.
-Prisms can be made from any transparent materials like glass, plastic or
fluorite.
-Water in a glass can also acts as prism. It also breaks white light into
constituent colors namely: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet
(ROYGVIB).
Application -A rainbow is caused by both the reflection and refraction of light in water
droplets on the Earth’s atmosphere.
-The water droplets serve as tiny prisms that refract, reflect, and
disperse sunlight into spectrum of light appearing in the sky.
Hierarchy of Colors

The frequency of light wave refers to the number of waves that move past a certain
point in one second. Frequency is generally measured in Hertz, the units of cycles per
second. Color has the frequency ranging from 430 trillion Hertz to 750 trillion Hertz.
Waves can also go beyond and below those frequencies, but they are not visible to the
human eye. Wave frequency is related to wave energy.
The more energy in the wave, the higher its frequency. The lower the
frequency is, the less energy in the wave.
When it comes to light waves, violet has the highest energy while red has the
lowest energy. Related to energy and frequency is the wavelength, or the distance
between corresponding points on subsequent waves. You can measure wavelength from
peak to peak, trough to trough or between two consecutive corresponding points of
waves. Within the band of visible light, the different wavelengths are perceived by
people as different colors. The shortest wavelength is violet, and the longest
wavelength is red.
Bending of Colors
Rainbows are created just like the colors of light appeared in previous activity. A
prism separates the white light into the different colors of light. With the different
refractive indices of the colors of light, bending is also different for each of the colors of
light.
Light exhibits the characteristics of a wave. It moves in its maximum speed in
vacuum but this speed decreases as it moves along different media. Refraction is the
bending of light when it travels from one medium to another.
When light crosses the boundary of two media of different optical
density, a change in
speed takes place.
The optical density is the measurement of a component’s ability to slow the
transmission of light. This change in speed is manifested by the bending of the light ray.
A known indicator of the optical density of a material is the index of refraction of the
material (n). The index of refraction of a material is a quantity that compares the
speed of light in a material to its speed in a vacuum.

In figure 7, light travels from air to the prism. When the light enters the glass, which
is denser than air, it slows down and is bent. You observe that the angle of incidence (1)
is greater than the angle of refraction (2). You can see that the light ray refracts or
bends towards the normal. Thus, light bends towards the normal when travelling from a
less dense medium to a higher density medium and light bends away from the normal
when travelling from denser to less dense medium like when light ray leaves the prism.
The incoming ray is called the incident ray from medium 1 and the outgoing ray is
the refracted ray in medium 2, and the associated angles are the angle of incidence and
the angle of refraction.
When white light enters a prism, separation into seven different colors is observed.
The refractive indices of the different colors of light indicate that it travels at different
speeds in the prism which accounts for the different degrees of bending.
In terms of frequency and energy of colors, blue, indigo and violet are the ones
with the highest frequency and energy. These colors are the ones that are bent the
most. At the end of the spectrum, red is the one with the lowest frequency and energy.
It is the color that is bent the least and violet is the most bent.

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