What Is This Module About?

Have you noticed bluish grey or green hairy spots on your left-over bread? Those are

molds and it happens when the bread is not stored properly or when there’s moisture. This

bread mold is a microorganism that grow at surprisingly alarming rate as time passes. This

growth at a fast pace is called exponential growth, which is an application of the concept of

exponents. Other examples are the increase in population, compound interest, and the increase

of cases of CoViD-19 infected individuals.

The concept of exponents includes exponential functions, equation, and inequality. In this

module, you will learn the concepts of exponential functions, equation, and inequality. You

will also apply these concepts in solving word problems.

In this module, there will be three lessons:

 Exponential Equations

 Exponential Inequality

 Exponential Functions

What Will You Learn from This Module?

After studying this module, you should be able to:

 Solve exponential functions

 Solve exponential equations

 Solve exponential inequalities

 Solve problem involving exponential functions

 Solve problem involving exponential equations

 Solve problem involving exponential inequalities

1
 Wait!
Before you continue reading this module, make sure that you have already read the

following modules:

 distinguishes between exponential function, inverse function, logarithmic function

 represents exponential functions and logarithmic functions through its (a) table of
values; (b) graphs; (c) equation

Let’s See What You Already Know

Solve the following exponential functions:

_____________ 1. 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 , at 𝑥 = 3

_____________ 2. 𝑓(𝑥) = −4𝑥 , at 𝑥 = 2

1 𝑥
_____________ 3. 𝑓(𝑥) = (2) , at 𝑥 = −2

_____________ 4. 𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥 , at 𝑥 = −2

_____________ 5. 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 , at 𝑥 = 0

Solve the following exponential equations:

1. 3𝑥 = 35

2. 82𝑎 = 8−6

3. 43𝑥−2 = 1

4. 3−2𝑎 = 92−3𝑎

1 𝑥
5. ( ) = 2−6𝑥+5
32

2
Solve the following exponential inequalities:

1. 23𝑥+4 < 42𝑥+1

1 −2𝑥−1
2. 8𝑥−1 ≤ (2)

3. 16𝑥+1 ≥ 44𝑥+1

4. 1253𝑥−5 ≤ 56𝑥−3

1 2𝑥−10 1 3𝑥+13
5. (6) ≤ (36)

Answer the word problems:

1. In 2021, there were 62 ALS graduates of Ligao National High School. The number of

graduates increases by 3% each year.

a. Write an exponential growth function that represents the number of graduates after

t years.

b. How many graduates will there be after 5 years?

2. Suppose you bought a cellphone worth P9,800. The expected depreciation of the

cellphone is 5% per year. Estimate the depreciated value of the phone after 6 years.

3
 LESSON 1
EXPONENTIAL EQUATIONS
Before proceeding with the lesson, let us have a review on the Laws of Exponents which are

very essential in solving exponential equations.

Laws of Exponent Examples

Product of Powers 𝑥 𝑚 𝑥 𝑛 = 𝑥 𝑚+𝑛 54 ∙ 52 = 54+2 = 56

𝑥𝑚
= 𝑥 𝑚−𝑛 54
Quotient of Powers 𝑥𝑛 = 54−2 = 52
52
Power of a Power (𝑥 𝑚 )𝑛 = 𝑥 𝑚∙𝑛 (54 )2 = 54∙2 = 58
Power of a Product (𝑥𝑦)𝑛 = 𝑥 𝑛 𝑦 𝑛 (5𝑥)2 = 52 𝑥 2 = 25𝑥 2
𝑥 𝑛 𝑥𝑛
( ) = 𝑛 3 2 32 9
Power of a Quotient 𝑦 𝑦 ( ) = 2=
4 4 16
Zero Power Rule 𝑥0 = 1 50 = 1
1 𝑛
𝑥 −𝑛
=( ) −2
1 2 12 1
Negative Exponent Rule 𝑥 5 =( ) = 2=
5 5 25
Exponent of One 𝑥1 = 𝑥 51 = 5
𝑚 𝑚
𝑛 4 4
Fractional Exponents 𝑥 𝑛 = ( √𝑥 ) 3
53 = ( √5)

ACTIVITY 1 For the given numbers, rewrite it in its exponential form with a common
base.

2 4 8 16 32 64 128

21 24 27

25 -125 625 -3125

(−5)3 (−5)5

1
9
3

4
Exponential Equations

Exponential equations are equations where the variables occur as exponents.

2𝑥 = 4 8 = 2𝑥+2 𝑥 − 32 = 4 𝑥2 = 4

These are examples of exponential equations. Take note that the variables are exponents and it
uses the equal (=) symbol.

Even though some equations have exponents and uses the equal sign, be mindful if the

exponents are variables. Here are the examples of that are NOT EXPONENTIAL

EQUATIONS.

𝑥 2 = 36 𝑥 3 + 1 = 36 (𝑥 + 1)2 = 34 𝑥 2 = (2x + 3)3

In solving exponential equations, it is important to remember the one-to-one property

of exponential equations.

One-To-One Property of Exponential Equations

If the bases of the exponential equations are equal, then the exponents are equal.
𝑰𝒇 𝒃𝒎 = 𝒃𝒏 , 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝒎 = 𝒏.

Examples:

1. Solve the equation: 𝟐𝒏 = 𝟒𝟑

First, rewrite both sides to have common bases.

In this example, we can use 2 as the base.
𝒏 𝟑 Since the first term has 2 as the base, we
𝟐 =𝟒 could just copy the term. Then, 43 can be
rewritten with the base of 2 as (22 )3 .
𝟐𝒏 = (𝟐𝟐 )𝟑

Simplify the exponents and by the one-to-one property, we equate the exponents to find

the missing value.

𝟐𝒏 = (𝟐𝟐 )𝟑 𝟐𝒏 = 𝟐𝟔

𝑛=6

5
2. Solve the equation: 𝟔𝟑𝒙−𝟏 = 𝟑𝟔𝒙+𝟐
63𝑥−1 = 36
Rewrite both sides with common bases.
63𝑥−1 = (62 )𝑥+2

63𝑥−1 = (62 )𝑥+2

Simplify the exponents.
63𝑥−1 = 62𝑥+4

3𝑥 − 1 = 2𝑥 + 4

Find the missing value and simplify. 3𝑥 − 2𝑥 = 4 + 1

𝑥=5

3. Solve the equation: 𝟐𝟕𝒙−𝟏 = 𝟗𝒙+𝟑

27𝑥−1 = 9𝑥+3
Rewrite both sides with common bases.
(33 )𝑥−1 = (32 )𝑥+3

(33 )𝑥−1 = (32 )𝑥+3

Simplify the exponents.
33𝑥−3 = 32𝑥+6

3𝑥 − 3 = 2𝑥 + 6

Find the missing value and simplify. 3𝑥 − 2𝑥 = 6 + 3

𝑥=9

𝟏𝒙+𝟑
4. Solve the equation: 𝟑𝒙 = 𝟗

𝑥
𝟏𝑥+3
3 =
Rewrite both sides with common bases. 𝟗

(3)𝑥 = (3−2 )𝑥+3

3𝑥 = (3−2 )𝑥−3
Simplify the exponents.
3𝑥 = 3−2𝑥+6

𝑥 = −2𝑥 + 6

Find the missing value and simplify. 𝑥 + 2𝑥 = 6

3𝑥 = 6

6
 3𝑥 6
=
3 3

𝑥=2

Let’s Try

Solve for the value of x in the following exponential equations.

1. 25𝑥 = 82𝑥−4

2. 25𝑥+5 = 54𝑥−6

3. 26𝑥 = 32𝑥−2

1 3𝑥+4 1 6𝑥+9
4. (8) = (4)

1 𝑥+3
5. 216 = (6)

After answering, check if you got it right by checking it with the answer key. If you got

three answers right, just keep going with the module. You’re doing great!

If you got a score lower than 3, try reviewing the lesson again and take the test. I know

you can do it!

7
Solving Problems involving Exponential Equations
Exponential functions, which explain how objects grow or decay over time, can be used

to mimic many real-world occurrences. Population studies, germs, the AIDS virus, radioactive

substances, loan interest rates, and investments are all instances of such events. In issues

involving exponential equations and inequalities, such as real-life or word problems, the

exponential model is frequently utilized.

Exponential Model
The population of certain species that grow exponentially over time can be modeled
by
𝑦 = (𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡)(𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒)𝑡
𝒚 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡𝑜 𝒕
𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒆 𝑐𝑎𝑛 𝑏𝑒 (1 + 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒) 𝑖𝑓 𝑖𝑡 ′ 𝑠 𝒈𝒓𝒐𝒘𝒕𝒉
(1 − 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒) 𝑖𝑓 𝑖𝑡 ′ 𝑠 𝒅𝒆𝒄𝒂𝒚
2 𝑖𝑓 𝑑𝑜𝑢𝑏𝑙𝑒𝑑; 3 𝑖𝑓 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑑; 4 𝑖𝑓 𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑑𝑟𝑢𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑠𝑜 𝑜𝑛
𝒕 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒

Examples:

1. You decided to culture a mushroom to start a business of mushroom chips. Initially,

you had two mushrooms growing. Suppose that this number triples every month, in
how many months can you attain 1458 mushrooms?

Given:
𝑦 = 1458 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒 = 3
𝐼𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 = 𝟐 𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 =?
The rate is 3 because the problem
Solution: states that the growth rate
“triples”.
Write the exponential model 𝑦 = (𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡)(𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒)𝑡

Substitute the values. 1458 = (2)(3)𝑡

1458 = 2(3𝑡 )
Simplify.
1458 2(3𝑡 )
=
2 2
Rewrite the terms to have 729 = 3𝑡
common bases. 36 = 3𝑡 In 6 months, you can have 1458
6 = 8𝑡 mushrooms.
 Apply the One-to-one Property.
𝑡=6

2. Initially, you have a ten-peso coin inside your piggy bank. You decided to double the
amount of money you save every month. In how many months will you be able to save
P1280?

Given:
𝑦 = 1280
𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 = 2 (𝑑𝑜𝑢𝑏𝑙𝑒𝑠)
𝑡 =?
𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡 = 10

Solution:

Write the exponential model 𝑦 = (𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡)(𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒)𝑡

Substitute the values. 1280 = (10)(2)𝑡
Simplify. 1280 (10)(2)𝑡
=
10 10
128 = 2𝑡
Rewrite the terms to have 27 = 2𝑡
common bases.
7=𝑡
Apply the One-to-one Property. 𝑡=7

In 7 months, you will be able to save P1280.

3. An element has a half-life of 5 days. If the initial amount is 384 grams, how long will
you be able to attain 3 grams of the element?

Given:
𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡 = 384 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑠 1
𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 = (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑖𝑡 𝑖𝑠 ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑓 − 𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑒)
𝑦 = 3 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑠 2
𝑡 =? Since it is stated that the half-life is every
𝑡
5 days, we need to express it as
5
Solution:
Write the exponential model 𝑦 = (𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡)(𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒)𝑡
𝑡
1 5
Substitute the values. 3 = (384) ( )
2
𝑡
1 5
3 (384) ( )
Simplify. = 2
384 384

9
 𝑡
3 1 5
=( )
384 2

𝑡
1 1 5
=( )
128 2
𝑡
Simplify and rewrite the terms to 1 7 1 5
( ) =( )
have common bases. 2 2
𝑡
7=5
Apply the One-to-one Property
& solve for the unknown. 𝑡
5 (7 = )
5

35 = 𝑡

Therefore, you will be able to attain 3 grams of element after 35 days.

Let’s Try This

Answer the following word problems involving exponential equations. Show your
solution and express your answer in complete sentence.
1. A certain element has a half-life of 3 days. Initially with 512 grams of this element,
how many days will you have a remaining 8 grams of the element?
2. You started a YouTube vlog with 7 subscribers. Suppose that with great, funny, and
relatable content as ALS learner, your subscribers quadrupled every month. In how
many months will you have 448 subscribers?

Check if you got your answers right with the correct solution. If you did not, don’t feel down. You can always try again!

10
 LESSON 2
EXPONENTIAL INEQUALITIES
Before proceeding with the next lesson, let us recall the basic concepts in inequalities.

Example:
This means the values from 2
(2,7] to 7; 2 is not included while 7
is included/

Not included Included

Infinity
Infinity is often used in interval notation. It is not a real number. It is used to describe a
boundless behavior in the number line. The symbol used for infinity is ∞. Positive infinity
(+∞) is used to show that an interval is unbounded and extend indefinitely to the left whereas
the negative infinity (-∞) is used to show that the interval is unbounded and extends
indefinitely to the right.
For example,
Inequality Interval
𝑥>7 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛 7 (7, +∞)
𝑥≥7 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛 𝑜𝑟 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑜 7 [7, +∞)
𝑥<7 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛 7 (−∞, 7)
𝑥≤7 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛 𝑜𝑟 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑜 7 (−∞, 7]

Solving Exponential Inequalities

Exponential inequalities are inequalities in which one or both sides contain a

variableexponent. This uses inequality symbols such as >, <, ≥, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ≤.

Property of Inequality for Exponential Functions

The key to working with exponential inequalities are the following:
𝑰𝒇 𝒂 > 𝟏 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒙 > 𝒚, 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝒂𝒙 > 𝒂𝒚 . 𝑶𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒘𝒊𝒔𝒆, 𝒊𝒇 𝟎 < 𝒂 < 𝟏, 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝒂𝒙 < 𝒂𝒚 .
If the base of the inequalities are greater than 1, the direction of the inequality is retained
for the exponents.

Example 1

11
 𝟓𝟑𝒙+𝟒 > 𝟓𝟐𝒙

Write it with common base number. 𝟓𝟑𝒙+𝟒 > 𝟓𝟐𝒙

Simplify the exponents. 𝟓𝟑𝒙+𝟒 > 𝟓𝟐𝒙

Apply the Property of Inequality for Exponential
Functions.
3𝑥 + 4 > 2𝑥
Since the base, which is 5, is greater than 1, then
the direction of the inequality is retained
3𝑥 − 2𝑥 > −4
Solve for the unknown.
𝒙 > −𝟒

Therefore, the solutions are 𝑥 > −4, that is 𝑥 ∈ (−4, ∞).

Example 2
𝟏 𝟐𝒙 𝟏 𝒙−𝟒
( ) >( )
𝟖 𝟒

If the base to be used is ½ If the base to be used is 2

1 2𝑥 1 𝑥−4 1 2𝑥 1 𝑥−4
( ) >( ) Write it with ( ) >( )
8 4 8 4
Write it with common
common base
2𝑥 𝑥−4 ((2)−3 )2𝑥 > ((2)−2 )𝑥−4
base number. 1 3 1 2
(( ) ) > (( ) ) number.
2 2

Simplify the (2)−6𝑥 > (2)−2𝑥+4

1 6𝑥 1 2𝑥−4
Simplify the exponents. ( ) >( )
2 2 exponents.

Apply the Property of

Since the base, which
Inequality for
Exponential Functions. is 2, is greater than 1,

Since the base, which is 6𝑥 < 2𝑥 + 4 then the direction of −6𝑥 > −2𝑥 + 4
𝟏
, is less than 1, then the the inequality is
𝟐

direction of the retained.

inequality is reversed.
6𝑥 < 2𝑥 − 4 −6𝑥 > −2𝑥 + 4
Solve for the
Solve for the unknown.
4𝑥 −4 −6𝑥 > −2𝑥 + 4
< unknown.
4 4

12
 𝒙 < −𝟏 −6𝑥 + 2𝑥 > 4

−4𝑥 4
>
−4 −4

𝒙 < −𝟏

Therefore, the solutions are 𝑥 < −1, that is 𝑥 ∈ (∞, −1.

Example 3
𝟐 𝒙−𝟏𝟏 𝟐𝟕 𝒙+𝟏
( ) ≥( )
𝟑 𝟖
𝟐 𝒙−𝟏𝟏 𝟐𝟕 𝒙+𝟏
( ) ≥( )
𝟑 𝟖
Write it with common base number.
𝒙+𝟏
𝟐 𝒙−𝟏𝟏 𝟐 −𝟑
( ) ≥ [( ) ]
𝟑 𝟑

𝒙+𝟏
𝟐 𝒙−𝟏𝟏 𝟐 −𝟑
( ) ≥ [( ) ]
𝟑 𝟑
Simplify the exponents.
𝟐 𝒙−𝟏𝟏 𝟐 −𝟑𝒙−𝟑
( ) ≥( )
𝟑 𝟑

Apply the Property of Inequality for

Exponential Functions.

2 𝑥 − 11 ≤ −3𝑥 − 3
Since the base, which is 3, is less than 1,

then the direction of the inequality is

reversed
𝑥 − 11 ≤ −3𝑥 − 3

𝑥 + 3𝑥 ≤ −3 + 11
Solve for the unknown.
4𝑥 ≤ 8

𝑥≤2

Therefore, the solutions are 𝑥 ≤ 2, that is 𝑥 ∈ (−∞, 2].

13
 Let’s Try
Solve the following exponential inequalities.
1. 7𝑥 > 49
2. 105𝑏−7 < 1000𝑏
3. 5 > 25−𝑥+3
1 𝑐−2
4. (64) < 322𝑐
1 2𝑦−2 1 𝑦+4
5. (27) ≥ (81)

Check your answers with the answer key at the back of the module. You are doing great and if you got
three answers right, proceed to the next lesson. If you got less than 3 correct answers, try reviewing
the lesson again and take the test. I know you can do it!

Solving Problems involving Exponential Inequalities

In solving exponential inequalities, we should always be mindful of the inequality symbols

and the words related to them so that we can interpret it properly and solve for the correct

answer. The answer can also be expressed in interval notation.

Example 1

The exponent of the base 5 is 1 less than three times a number. Find all sets of possible

values if the exponential expression is less than 25.

Given:

Let x be the unknown number

5 is the base

1 less than three times a number is the exponent. This could be interpreted as

𝟑𝒙 − 𝟏

less than 25 < 25

14
Solution:
53𝑥−1 < 25
53𝑥−1 < 25
Write it with common base number.
53𝑥−1 < 52

Simplify the exponents. 53𝑥−1 < 52

Since the base, which is 5, is greater than 1, then the direction 3𝑥 − 1 < 2
of the inequality is retained.

3𝑥 − 1 < 2

3𝑥 < 2 + 1

Solve for the unknown.

3𝑥 3
<
3 3

𝑥<1

The set of all possible values for x is 𝑥 < 1.

Example 2
One-sixth raised to a number increased by 3 is at most 216. Find all sets of possible values.

Given:

Let x be the unknown number

1
is the base
6

a number increased by 3 is the exponent. This could be interpreted as

𝑥+3

at most 216 ≤ 216

15
 1 𝑥+3
( ) ≤ 216
6
1 𝑥+3
( ) ≤ 216
6
Write it with common base number.
[(6)−1 ]𝑥+3 ≤ 63

[(6)−1 ]𝑥+3 ≤ 63
Simplify the exponents.
6−𝑥−3 ≤ 63

Since the base, which is 6, is greater than 1, −𝑥 − 3 ≤ 3

then the direction of the inequality is retained.

−𝑥 − 3 ≤ 3

−𝑥 ≤ 3 + 3

Solve for the unknown. −𝑥 ≤ 6

−1 ∙ (−𝑥 ≤ 6)

𝑥 ≥ −6

The set of all possible values for x is 𝑥 ≥ −6.

16
 LESSON 3
EXPONENTIAL FUNCTIONS
An exponential function is a mathematical formula that can be applied to a wide range

of scenarios in the real world. It is mostly used to calculate investments, model populations,

and so on, as well as to identify the exponential decay or exponential growth.

It is a function of the form 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎 𝑥 , where x is a variable as an exponent and 𝑎 is a

constant that represents the base of the function and should be bigger than 0. It is an exponential

function.

ACTIVITY 1
Solve for the value of the function (y) by substituting a value of x to the exponential function.

X
𝑦 = 3𝑥

X
1 𝑥
𝑦=( )
3

X
𝑦 = −3𝑥

y
17
 The activity you have done involves evaluating an exponential function with the value

given for the variable. This is essential in solving word problems involving exponential

functions.

Several real-life situations like growth rate, decay rate, and loan interests can be solved

using the concept of exponential functions.

Examples:

1. There are 65 Alternative Learning System (ALS) enrollees in Catanduanes National

High School for the year 2020. This number increases by 3% each year. How many

enrollees will there be after 5 years?

Given:

𝑦 =? 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 = 3% 1+0.03= 1.03

𝐼𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝐴𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡 = 65 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 = 5 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠

Since we need to consider the present amount,
the rate will be 100% plus the growth factor
which is 3% so the decimal form is 1.03.

Solution:
𝑦 = (𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡)(𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒)𝑡

𝑦 = (65)(1.03)5

𝑦 = (65)(1.03)5

𝑦 = 75.35 ≈ 75

Since we are looking for a number of enrollees which should be a whole number,

therefore it should be 75.

Therefore, after 5 years, the number of ALS enrollees in Catanduanes National High

School would be 75.

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 2. You tried to raise chickens to harvest eggs as additional source of income. You had

your initial harvest of 5 eggs and suppose that the number of eggs that you can harvest

doubles per month. How many eggs can you harvest after 8 months?

Given:

𝑦=5

𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 = 2 (𝑑𝑜𝑢𝑏𝑙𝑒𝑠)

𝑡 = 8 𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑡ℎ𝑠

Solution:

𝑦 = (𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡)(𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒)𝑡

𝑦 = (5)(2)8

𝑦 = 1280

There can be 1280 eggs that can be harvested after 2 months.

3. You have conducted a research regarding a certain animal species and found out that

their population decreases at a rate of 3.5% per year. On the start of the study, you have

counted 80 of these animals in their habitat. How many animals of this specie could

there be after 2 years?

Given:
The word “decreases” signifies
𝑦 =? that this is exponential decay.

𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 = 80 Remember that if this is the case

then the rate would be 1 −
𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 = 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑡 𝑎 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑜𝑓 3.5% 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑎𝑦 𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒.
𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒆 = 𝟏−. 𝟎𝟑𝟓 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟔𝟓
𝑡 = 2 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠

19
Solution:

𝑦 = (𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟)(𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒)𝑡

𝑦 = (80)(0.965)2

𝑦 = 74.498 ≈ 74

Therefore, there would be 74 animals of these species after 2 years.

4. You have bought a second-hand android phone worth P12000 and the owner said that

it was bought 5 years ago. The value of gadgets depreciates (decreases) after it is

purchased. Suppose that the rate of depreciation every year is 9%. Find the original

value of the car.

Given:

𝑦 (𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐴𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡) = 12 000 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒 = 9% 0.91

𝐼𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑜𝑟 𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝐴𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡 = 𝒙 𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 = 5 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠

Solution:
Since the cost of gadgets
depreciates, the rate will be
1 − 0.09 which is 0.91 in
12000 = (𝑥)(1 − 0.09)5 decimal form.

12000 = (𝑥)(0.91)5

12000 = 𝑥(0.624)

12000
𝑥=
0.624

𝑥 = 19230.77

The original cost of the android phone is P 19,230.77.

20
 Let’s Try
Answer the following word problems involving exponential equations. Show your

solution and express your answer in complete sentence.

1. Your new television costs P15000 but it depreciates in value by about 8% each

year. How much will your TV be worth in 3 years?

2. You started a YouTube vlog with 285 subscribers in year 2012. Through

advertisements and promotion, your subscriber increased by 25% each year. How

many subscribers will you have after 5 years?

Check if you got your answers right with the correct solution. If you did not, don’t feel down. You can always try again!

21
Let’s See What Have You Learned
I. Solve the following exponential equations.

1. 2𝑥 = 23 1
3
1 2𝑥−6
7. 72𝑥 = (49)
2. 5𝑥−3 = 5
1 𝑥
8. (3) = 3𝑥
3. 4𝑥−1 = 16
1 −x 1 x
𝑥 5𝑥+3 9. (4) = (64)
4. 36 = 6
10. 125𝑥 = 52𝑥+3
5. 5𝑥 = 125

6. 125 = 5𝑥

II. Solve the following problems. Show your solutions.

1. You wanted to eat pizza that is worth P256 at a restaurant so you started to save

money from your allowance. Aside from a one-peso coin as your initial savings

inside your wallet, you decided to double your savings every week. In how

many weeks can you save for the price of the pizza?

2. Initially, there are 288 grams of a certain element. In how many days can the

element reduce to 32 grams considering its half-life?

III. Solve the following exponential inequalities.

1. 32𝑥+1 > 243 6. 45𝑥 > 212𝑥+2

2. 25𝑥 ≤ 82𝑥−4 7. 93𝑥−12 > 816

3. 53𝑥+5 < 25𝑥 8. 36𝑥−1 ≤ 63𝑥

4. 55𝑥−12 > 125 9. 253𝑥−16 ≥ 510𝑥

5. 9𝑥−3 ≥ 729 10. 34𝑧 ≤ 9𝑧+3

22
 IV. Solve the following problems and show your solutions.

1. Five raised to an unknown number increased by three is greater than or equal to

25. What could be the list of possible values to satisfy the given exponential

inequality?
1
2. The left side of the inequality is 4 raised to 3 times a number deducted by 4. The

1
right side of the inequality is 256 raised to a number deducted by 6. What are the

set of all possible values for the unknown number if the left side of the

inequality is less than the right side of the inequality?

V.

1. You decided to re-pot the plant that your mother gave you. Initially with 5 leaves,

the number of leaves doubles each month.

a. Write an exponential model for the number of leaves that would grow on

your plant

b. After 5 months, how many leaves will your plant have?

2. You wanted sell your cellphone that was bought 3 years ago. Given that the

cellphone you bought is priced at P 12000 and the rate of depreciation is 6% every

year, what is the reasonable price to sell the phone?

3. The container you filled up has 1000ml of alcohol. You noticed that every hour,

the amount of alcohol reduces by 40%. After 3 hours, how much alcohol will the

container have?

23
RUBRICS IN SCORING

CATEGORY WEIGHT 5 POINTS 3 POINTS 1 POINT

3 to 4 steps in 1 to 2 steps in
All steps in
problem problem
problem solving
Presentation 40% solving are solving are
are followed
followed followed
correctly
correctly correctly

3 to 4 steps in 1 to 2 steps in
All steps in the
Correctness of the the
50% computation are
Solution computation computation
correct
are correct are correct

The work is The work is

presented in a presented in The work

Neatness and neat, clear and an organized appears

10%
Organization organized way way but may sloppy and

that is easy to be hard to unorganized.

read read.

24
 ANSWER KEY

Let’s See what you Know

A. B. C.
1. 8 1. 5 1. 𝑋 > 2
2. 16 2. -3 2. 𝑥 ≤ 4
3. 4 2 1
3. 3
3. 𝑥 ≤ 2
1
4. 4. 1 4. 𝑥 ≤ 6
16
5. 1 5. 5 5. 𝑥 ≥ 9

1.

a. 𝑔(𝑡) = 62(1 + 0.03)𝑡 b. 71 graduates

2. P 7203.90

ACTIVITY 1

LESSON 1 (Exponential Equations) LESSON 2 (Exponential Inequalities)

Let’s Try Let’s Try
1. 4 1. 𝑥 > 2
2. 8 2. 𝑏 < 7
3. 10 3. 𝑥 > 3
4. -2 4. 𝑐 < −2
5. -6 5. 𝑦 ≤ 11
Let’s Try (Problem Solving) Let’s Try (Problem Solving)
1. 18 1. 18
2. 3 2. 3

25
Lesson 3
Activity 1
Answers may vary depending on the values of x that the learner will assign.
Let’s Try
1. P 11 680.32
2. 869

Let’s See What Have You Learned

I. All answers are 3.
II.
1. 𝑡 = 8
2. 𝑡 = 3
III.
1. 𝑥 > 3 6. 𝑥 < 2
2. 𝑥 ≥ 12 7. 𝑥 > 8
3. 𝑥 < −5 8. 𝑥 ≥ 2
4. 𝑥 > 3 9. 𝑥 ≤ 8
5. 𝑥 ≥ 6 10. 𝑧 ≤ 3
IV.
1. 𝑥 ≥ 1
2. 𝑥 > 9
V.
1. a) 𝑦 = 5(2)𝑡
b) 160
2. P 9967.008
3. 216

References:
Pierce, Rod. (14 Sep 2021). "Laws of Exponents". Math Is Fun. Retrieved 2 Feb 2022 from
http://www.mathsisfun.com/algebra/exponent-laws.html
PATERNO P. JR., DE MESA, G. JR. Learner’s Packet in General Mathematics.Solving
Problems involving Exponential Equations, Inequalities & Functions.DEPARTMENT OF
EDUCATION – REGION V

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