TFN it is derived

o Diagrams should be
clear and consistent
Analysis and evaluation all though out.
theory  It follow the sequence
which is
Criteria of Analysis and understandable
evaluation of theory
1. CLARITY Questions to be ashed
2. SIMPLICITY _" Is the theory clearly
3. GENERALITY stated?"
4. EMPIRICAL  "How clear is the
PRECISION theory?"
5. DERIVABLE  "Is it easily
CONSEQUENCES understood?"
Importance: 2. SIMPLICITY
 Consider the degree of  A theory must be
usefulness. adequately
 New insights into comprehensive at a
relationships among level of abstraction to
concepts and their offer direction
links to each other.  Reynolds (1995)
 To know the theory's added that the theory
strength and is the one that offers
weakness. greatest sense of
 Reflection is done. understanding

1. CLARITY Questions to be ashed

 In order to assess "How simple is the theory?"
these, the nursing
student needs to
identify the major 3. generality
concepts and their sub  It is important to
concepts. examine the scope of
 Words commonly have concepts and goals
multiple meanings within the theory for
within and across this analysis criterion,
disciplines and for that  As a rule of thumb,
reason, they should be the more limited the
defined operationally concept and goals is,
or how it is used in the the less general the
framework from which theory becomes.
  According to Chin and and verified by other
Kramer, situations in investigators.
which the theory is
applicable should be Questions to be ashed
boundless.  "Is the theory
 Ellis, added that the testable?"
broader the scope of  "How accessible is the
theory, the greater its theory?"
significance

Questions to be ashed 5. Derivable consequences

"How general is the theory?"  Chinn and Kramer
"How broad is the scope of suggest that if
the theory?" research, theory and
practice are
4. Empirical precision meaningfully related.
 is defined as the  Nursing theory should
degree in which the lead itself to research
defined concepts are testing which would
observable in actual result to additional
setting. knowledge that would
 It is in line with the guide practice.
testability and  Furthermore, they
ultimate use of theory suggest that nursing
 Hardy (2011) theory should give
elaborated that direction to research,
empirical adequacy and practice, create
can be measured by new ideas, and ought
the evidences that to distinguish the
supports the theory focus of nursing to
 Reynolds (1971) on other profession
the other hand refers
the empirical Questions to be ashed
relevance as being "How important is the
able to examine the theory?"
correspondence "Does the theory have a
between a theory and significant contribution to
the objective empirical nursing knowledge?"
data
 He noted that it is
important for the NURSING THEORIES
theory to be evaluated
Types of nursing theories
  Grand theories - broad FIRST NURSE EDUCATOR
and complex  PASTOR Theodor
 Middle-range theories- Fliedner-
address specific Kaiserswerth,
phenomena and Germany established
reflect practice the 1st nursing school
 Descriptive theories - Nightingale stayed for
first level of theory 14 days in 1850 She
development applied for admission
 Prescriptive theories - to the school with a 12
address nursing page curriculum-
interventions and handwritten
predict their  July 6, 1851 she
consequences became the 134th
 nursing student to
Florence Nightingale attend Fliedner school
Environmental Theory of nursing
 Left Germany on Oct
Background 7, 1851 and went back
• Born: 12 May 1820- to England she was
Florence Italy considered to be
With reputable education educated as a nurse
Linguist, with vast both nursing care and
knowledge of science, math, management
literature, and arts...  skills
philosophy, politics, history
and economics  She took a nursing job
in a Harley Street
 From a young age, hospital for ailing
Nightingale was active governesses.
in philanthropy, Her performance
ministering to the ill there so impressed
and poor people in the her employer that
village neighboring Nightingale was
her family's estate. promoted to
 Nightingale eventually superintendent.
came to the Nightingale also
conclusion that volunteered at the
nursing was her Middlesex Hospital
calling; she believed around this time,
the vocation to be her grappling with a
divine purpose. cholera outbreak and
unsanitary conditions
 conducive to the rapid SCUTARI just a few
spread of the disease. days later.
 Nightingale made it 
her mission to  The hospital sat on
improve hygiene top of a large
practices, significantly cesspool, which
lowering the death contaminated the
rate at the hospital in water and the building
the process. itself.
 In October 1853, the  Patients lay in their
Crimean War broke own excrement on
out. stretchers strewn
 Allied British and throughout the
French forces were at hallways.
war against the  Rodents and bugs
Russian Empire for scurried past them.
control of Ottoman The most basic
territory. Thousands of supplies, such as
British soldiers were bandages and soap,
sent to the Black Sea, grew increasingly
where supplies quickly scarce as the number
dwindled. of ill and wounded
 By 1854, no fewer steadily increased.
than 18,000 soldiers Even water needed to
had been admitted be rationed.
into military hospitals.  More soldiers were
 In late 1854, dying from infectious
Nightingale received a diseases like typhoid
letter from Secretary and cholera than from
of War Sidney Herbert, injuries incurred in
asking her to organize battle.
a corps of nurses to 
tend to the sick and  The hospital sat on
fallen soldiers in the top of a large
Crimea. cesspool, which
 Given full control of contaminated the
the operation, she water and the building
quickly assembled a itself.
team of 38 nurses  Patients lay in their
from a variety of own excrement on
religious orders and stretchers strewn
sailed with them to throughout the
hallways.
 Rodents and bugs  Others simply called
scurried past them. her "the Angel of the
The most basic Crimea." Her work
supplies, such as reduced the hospital's
bandages and soap, death rate by two-
grew increasingly thirds.
scarce as the number 
of ill and wounded  In 1860, she funded
steadily increased. the establishment of
Even water needed to St.
be rationed  Thomas' Hospital, and
 More soldiers were within it, the
dying from infectious Nightingale Training
diseases like typhoid School for Nurses.
and cholera than from  Nightingale became a
injuries incurred in figure of public
battle. admiration.
 
 Nightingale quickly set  Poems, songs and
to work. She procured plays were written and
hundreds of scrub dedicated in the
brushes and asked the heroine's honor.
least infirm patients to  • Young women
scrub the inside of the aspired to be like her.
hospital from floor to Eager to follow her
ceiling. Nightingale example, even women
herself spent every from the wealthy
waking minute caring upper classes started
for the soldiers. enrolling at the
 In the evenings she training school.
moved through the  Thanks to Nightingale,
dark hallways carrying nursing was no longer
a lamp while making frowned upon by the
her rounds, upper classes; it had,
ministering to patient in fact, come to be
after patient. The viewed as an
soldiers, who were honorable vocation
both moved and 
comforted by her  Nightingale wrote
endless supply of Notes on Matters
compassion, took to Affecting the Health,
calling her "the Lady Efficiency and Hospital
with the Lamp." Administration of the
 British Army, a determined and
massive report dedicated as ever to
published in 1858 improving health care
analyzing her and alleviating
experience and patients' suffering,
proposing reforms for Nightingale continued
other military her work from her
hospitals. bed.
 Her research would  In 1907, she was
spark a total conferred the Order of
restructuring of the Merit by King Edward,
War Office's and received the
administrative Freedom of the City of
department, including London the following
the establishment of a year, becoming the
Royal Commission for first woman to receive
the Health of the Army the honor.
in 1857.  In May 1910, she
 Nightingale was also received a celebratory
noted for her message from King
statistician skills, George on her 90th
creating coxcomb pie birthday.
charts on patient  In August 1910,
mortality in Scutari Nightingale fell ill but
that would influence seemed to recover
the direction of and was reportedly in
medical epidemiology. good spirits. A week
 later, on the evening
 While at Scutari, of Friday, August 12,
Nightingale had 1910, she developed
contracted the an array of troubling
bacterial infection symptoms.
brucellosis, also She died unexpectedly
known as Crimean at around 2 p.m. the
fever, and would following day,
never fully recover By Saturday, August 13,
the time she was 38 1910 at her home in
years old, she was London.
homebound and
routinely bedridden, A rare photograph of
and would be so for Nightingale in 1910 by
the remainder of her Lizzie. Caswall Smith.
life. Fiercely
Florence Nightingale Health is "not only to be
Hospital, Scutari, C'ple well, but to be able to use
[Constantinople]. The well every power we have
Florence Nightingale Disease is a preparative
Hospital at Scutari in Asiatic process that nature
Turkey, is one of the best instituted from a want of
equipped hospitals in this attention.
part of the near east. Just Prevention of disease
now it is crowded with through environment control
patients from many parts will greatly uplift the
digital file from original maintenance of health.

ENVIRONMENT
Nursing "Poor or difficult
Metaparadigm in Nursing environments led to poor
Person health and disease"
Environment "Environment could be
Health altered to improve
Nursing conditions so that the
natural laws would allow
• Nursing is different from healing to occur."
medicine and the goal of
nursing is to place the NIGHTINGALE
patient in the best possible ENVIOROMMENTAL
condition for nature to act. THEORY (12 canons)
Nursing is the "activities that 1. Ventilation and
promote health (as outlined warmth- body/room
in canons) which occur in temp, foul odor, well
any caregiving situation. ventilated
They can be done by 2. Light- adequate
anyone." lighting, sunlight, pt
not on direct light
3. Cleanliness of rooms
PERSON and all- free from
• She viewed the essence of dust, dampness and
a person as a client. dirt
Nurses should perform task 4. Health of houses-
to and for the client surroundings/env't,
including the clients fresh air, pure water,
environment drainage
5. Noise- level of noise
HEALTH 6. Bed and Beddinas-
dampness, wrinkle
 free, bed should be shows itself, persons
dry using such water are
7. Personal cleanliness- almost sure to suffer."
keep the client clean 3. Effective drainage -
ad dry, good skin "all the while the
integrity is essential sewer may be nothing
8. Variety- cards, but a laboratory from
flowers, books, friends which epidemic
and relative visits disease and ill health
9. Chattering hopes and are being installed
advices- giving advice into the house."
without fact, respect 4. Cleanliness - "the
the client, avoid greater part of nursing
personal talks consists in preserving
10. Taking food- cleanliness."
Diet, solid ad liquid 5. Light (especially direct
intake sunlight) - "the
11. Petty usefulness of light in
management- treating disease is
continuity of care, very important."
plan of care, evaluate
outcome Application of Nightingale's
12. Observation of theory in PRACTICE
the sick- record
everything, make Application of Nightingale's
changes in the plan of theory
care if needed. UNIVERSAL PATTERN FOR
EARLY NURSING TRAINING
In Florence Nightingale's SCHOOLS
Environmental Theory, she BETTER PRACTICE COULD
identified five (5) RESULTY ONLY FROM
environmental factors: BETTED FDUCATION
1. Pure fresh air - "to
keep the air he
breathes as pure as Relevance of theory in
the external air nursing practice, education
without chilling him." and research
2. Pure water - "well Nursing Practice
water of a very impure 1. Disease control
kind is used for 2. Sanitation and water
domestic purposes. treatment
And when the 3. Uilized by modem
epidemic disease architecture in the
 prevention of "sick • Florence Nightingale's
building syndrome" language to write her books
applying the principles was cultured and flowing,
of ventilation and logical in format, and
good lighting, elegant in style.
4. Waste disposal Nightingale's Environmental
5. Control of room Theory has broad
temperature applicability to the
6. Noise management. practitioner.
Her model can be applied in
Relevance of theory in most complex hospital
nursing practice, education intensive care environments,
and research the home, a worksite, or the
Education community. Reading
1. Principles of nursing Nightingale's
training. Better Environmental Theory raises
practice result from consciousness in the nurse
better education. about how the environment
2. Skills measurement influences client outcomes.
through licensing by
the use of testing
methods, the case Weahnesses
studies,Research • In Nightingale's
3. Use of graphical Environmental Theory, there
representations like is scant information on the
the bar, pie diagrams. psychosocial environment
4. Notes on nursing. compared to the physical
environment. The
THEORY ANALYS application of her concepts
 Clarity- Is it easily
in the twentieth century is in
understood? question.
 Simplicity- How simple
Conclusion:
the theory is?
Baguio
 Generality- How broad
• The Environmental Theory
is the scope?
of Nursing is a patient-care
 Accessibility- Is it
theory.
testable?
It focuses on altering the
 Importance- Does it
patient's environment to
have significant affect change in his or her
contribution to health. Caring for the patient
nursing? is of more importance than
the nursing process, the
Strengths
relationship between patient
and nurse, or the individual
nurse.

In this way, the model must

be adapted to fit the needs
of individual patients. The
environmental factors affect
different patients unique to
their situations and illnesses.
The nurse must address
these factors on a case-by-
case basis to make sure the
factors are altered to best
care for an individual patient
and his or her needs.