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Chapter 7 Guide

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17 views

Chapter 7 Guide

kugoiuhypoi:/

Uploaded by

antwanl153747
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 7 Guide

1. Describe the case of HM


a. Differentiate between retrograde and anterograde amnesia
The difference between retrograde and anterograde amnesia is that retrograde
amnesia is the loss of memories from the past, while anterograde amnesia is the
inability to form new memories.

2. What are explicit and implicit memories?


a. Define and provide an example of each below:
i. episodic memory- memory for one’s past experiences that are
identified of personal experience
ii. semantic memory- memory for knowledge of facts independent of
personal experience
iii. procedural memory- a type of implicit memory that involves skills
and habits
iv. Priming- the facilitation of response to a stimulus based on past
experience with that stimulus or related stimulus.
b. What are the three stages of memory?
Encoding, storage, retrieval
c. Differentiate between visual, acoustic, and semantic encoding.
Visual encoding allows the brain to visualize what the concept looks like.
Acoustic encoding allows the brain to hear the sounds associated with a
new concept. Semantic encoding places a new concept into a context and
helps us understand the purpose of the thing.
d. Describe the devices that help with encoding
i. Chunking- cognitive structures in long-term memory that helps us
perceive, organize, process, and understand.
ii. Mnemonics- organizing information into meaningful units to make it
easier to remember
3. Describe Atkinson Shiffrin’s three-part model of memory and its components:
a. Sensory memory- a temporary memory system closely tied to the sensory
systems.
b. Short-term memory/ working memory- now known as working memory:
actively retains and manipulates pieces of temparary imformation from
different sources.
c. Long term memory- the storage of information that can last from minutes
to a lifetime.
4. Define and provide an example of each kind of memory.
a. Flashbulb- a vivid episodic memory for the circumstance in which people
first learned of a surprising and consequential or emotionally arousing
event.
b. Prospective- remembering to do something at some future time.
c. Retrospective- the memory of people, words, and events counted or
experienced in the past
5. What is a retrieval cue?
Anything that helps a person or an animal recall memory.
6. Describe the forgetting curve.
The forgetting curve hypothesizes the decline of memory retention in time.
7. Define and provide an example of the following problems with retrieval.
a. Blocking- the temporary inability to remember something the tip-of-the-
tongue phenomenon.
b. Absentmindedness- the inattentive or shallow encoding of events.
c. Persistence- the continual recurrence of unwanted memories
d. retroactive and proactive interference- interference that occurs when prior
information inhibits the ability to remember new information. Interference
that occurs when new information inhibits the ability to remember old
information
e. source misattribution- memory distortion that occurs when people
misremember the time, place, person, or circumstances involved with a
memory.
f. memory bias- the changing of memories over time so that they become
consistent with current beliefs or attitudes.
g. Suggestibility- the development of biased memories from misleading
information
h. false memories- an event that might lead to confusion of the mental image
with a real memory
i. repressed memories- continues to be debated by contemporary
psychologists, many of whom argue that such memories may be
implanted by suggestive techniques
8. What are the main problems with eyewitness testimonies?
People misidentified others
9. What is the average memory span?
a. Answer is 7 + or – 2. (No need to complete this one, just know it will be on
the final)!

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