AMITY PRIVATE SCHOOL, SHARJAH

Chapter 1 Real Numbers

Main Concepts and Results

Theorem 1.1 (Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic): Every composite number can be expressed (factorized)
as a product of primes, and this factorization is unique, apart from the order in which the prime factors
occur.
For any two positive integers a and b, HCF (a, b) × LCM (a, b) = a × b.
Theorem 1.2 : Let p be a prime number. If p divides a2 , then p divides a, where a is a positive integer.
Facts about Numbers:
 1 is neither prime nor Composite.
 2 is the only even prime numbers
 3 is the first non-even prime number
 4 is the first composite number
 2,3 are the first twin primes
 Twin primes: Any 2 prime numbers with a difference less than 3.
 Co Primes: any 2 numbers with HCF 1 are called Co primes or relatively prime numbers.
HCF of a3b5 and a5b3 is a3b3 and LCM is a5b5.

Multiple Choice Questions

 6 . n2 +3n-4 can be expressed as a product of only 2 prime factors where n is a natural number. Find the
value(s) of n for which the given expression is an even composite number.

7. The Prime factorization of a prime number is the number itself. How many factors and prime factors does
the square of a prime number have?

Short Answer Questions

8. A Q dining hall has a length of 8.25 m, breadth of 6.75 m, and height of 4.5 m. what is the length of the
longest unmarked ruler that can exactly measure the three dimensions of the hall?

9. Grow more Plantations have two rectangular fields of the same width but different lengths. They are
required to plant 84 trees in the smaller field and 231 trees in the larger field. In both fields, the
trees will be planted in the same number of rows but in different number of columns.
i. what is the most number of rows that can be planted in this arrangement?
ii If the trees are planted in the number of rows obtained in part i, how many columns will each
field have?
10. M and N are positive integers such that M=p 2q3r and N=p3q2, where p,q,r are prime numbers.
Find LCM (M, N) and HCF (M,N)

Long Answer Questions

11. Prove that 2+5√ 3 is irrational.

12. There are 104 students in class 10 and 96 students in class 9 in a school. In a house examination
the students are to be evenly seated in parallel rows such that no 2 adjacent rows are of the same class.
 Find the maximum number of parallel rows of each class for the seating arrangement. Also find the
number of students in class 9 and also class 10 in a row.

13. Determine the number nearest to 110000 but greater than 100000 which is exactly divisible by
each of 8,15,21

Case study Question I

Ashish supplies bread and jams to a hospital and a school. Bread and jam are supplied in equal number of pieces.
Bread comes in a packet of 8 pieces and Jam comes in a pack of 6 pieces. On a particular day, Ashish has supplied x
packets of bread and y packets of jam to the school. On the same day, Ashish has supplied 3x packets of bread along
with sufficient packets of jam to hospital. It is known that the number of students in the school are between 500 and
550.

1. How many students are there in school?

(a) 544
(b) 504 b
(c) 608
(d) 456
2. How many packets of bread are supplied in the school?
(a) 94
(b) 63 b
(c) 74
(d) 84
3. How many packets of jams are supplied in the school?
(a) 129
(b) 64
(c) 74
(d) 84 d
4. How many packets of bread are supplied in the hospital?
(a) 189 a
(b) 64
(c) 74
(d) 124
5. How many packets of jams are supplied in the hospital?
(a) 120
(b) 164
(c) 252 c
(d) 224

Case study Question II

Shalvi is a tuition teacher and teaches mathematics to some kids at
her home. She is very innovative and always plan new games to make
her students learn concepts. Today, she has planned a prime number
game. She announce the number 2 in her class and asked the first
student to multiply it by a prime number and then pass it to second
student. Second student also multiplied it by a prime number and
passed it to third student. In this way by multiplying to a prime
number the last student got 173250. He told this number to Shalvi in
class. Now she asked some questions to the students as given below.

1. How many students are in the class?

(a) 6
(b) 7 b
(c) 8
(d) 9
2. What is the highest prime number used by student?
(a) 2
(b) 3
(c) 5
(d) 11 d
3. What is the least prime number used by students?
(a) 2
(b) 3 b
(c) 5
(d) 11
4. Which prime number has been used maximum times?
(a) 2
(b) 3
(c) 5 C
(d) 11
5. Which prime number has been used minimum times?
(a) 2
(b) 3
(c) 7 c
(d) 11

Case study Question III

Mahesh works as a manager in a hotel. He has to arrange
chairs in hall for a function. The hall has a certain number of
chairs. Guests want to sit in different groups like in pairs,
triplets, quadruplets, fives and sixes etc. Mahesh want to
arrange chairs in such a way that there are no chair left after arrangement. When Mahesh arranges chairs in such
pattern like in 2’s, 3’s, 4’s 5’s and 6’s then 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 chairs are left respectively. But when he arranges in 11’s, no
chair will be left.
1. In the hall, how many chairs are available?
(a) 539 a
(b) 234
(c) 689
(d) 456
2. If one chair is removed, which arrangement is possible now?
(a) 2 a
(b) 3
(c) 4
(d) 5
3. If one chair is added to the original number of chairs, how many chairs will be left when arranged in 11’s.
(a) 1 a
(b) 2
(c) 3
(d) 4
4. How many chairs will be left in original arrangement if same number of chairs are arranged in 7’s?
(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 3
(d) 0 d
5. How many chairs will be left in original arrangement if same number of chairs will be arranged in 9’s?
(a) 8 a
(b) 7
(c) 8
(d) 4

Assertion and Reasoning Questions

1. Assertion (A) : The H.C.F. of two numbers is 16 and their product is 3072. Then their L.C.M. = 162.
Reason (R) : If a and b are two positive integers, then their H.C.F. × L.C.M. = a × b.
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
(c) (A) is true but (R) is false
(d) (A) is false but (R) is true

2. Assertion (A) : 2 is a rational number.

Reason (R) : The square root of all positive integers are irrationals
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
(c) (A) is true but (R) is false
(d) (A) is false but (R) is true

3. Assertion (A) : If LCM (p, q) = 30 and HCF (p, q) = 5, then p × q = 150.

Reason (R) : LCM of (a, b) × HCF of (a, b) = a × b
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
(c) (A) is true but (R) is false
(d) (A) is false but (R) is true

4. Assertion (A) √ 5 is an irrational number.

Reason (R) : If m is an odd number greater than 1, then √ m is irrational.
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
(c) (A) is true but (R) is false
(d) (A) is false but (R) is true

5. Assertion (A) : Given that HCF (306, 657) = 9, and LCM (306, 657) is 2238.
Reason (R) : If a and b are two positive integers and HCF (a, b) = 9, then LCM (a + b) = (a + b)/2
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
(c) (A) is true but (R) is false
(d) (A) is false but (R) is true

6. Assertion (A) : π is an irrational number.

Reason (R) : 5 is an irrational number.
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
(c) (A) is true but (R) is false
(d) (A) is false but (R) is true
7. Assertion (A) : √ 3 + √ 5 is an irrational number.
Reason (R) : The sum of a rational number and an irrational number is an irrational number.
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
(c) (A) is true but (R) is false
(d) (A) is false but (R) is true

8. Assertion (A) : 6n can end with the digit 0 for any natural number n.
Reason (R) : Any positive integer ending with the digits 0 or 5 is divisible by 5 and so
its prime factorization must contain the prime 5.
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
(c) (A) is true but (R) is false
(d) (A) is false but (R) is true

9. Assertion (A) : The HCF of two numbers is 5 and their LCM is 150. If one of the numbers
is 15, then the other is 50.
Reason (R) : For any two positive integers a and b HCF (a, b) × LCM (a, b) = a × b
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
(c) (A) is true but (R) is false
(d) (A) is false but (R) is true

10. Assertion (A): 100 can be expressed as a product of primes.

Reason (R): 100 is a composite number.
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
(c) (A) is true but (R) is false
(d) (A) is false but (R) is true

Answers
Question No Answer
1 3
2 2
3 3
4 2
5 1
6 n=3
7 No of factors=3, No of prime factors=1
8 75 cm or 0.75m
9 HCF=21,
columns in smaller field=4
Columns in larger field=11
10 LCM=p3 q3 r
HCF=p2 q2
12 No of class X students in a row:13
No of class IX students in a row:12
13 109200

Case Study Answers

Case Study-1 Case Study-2 Case Study-3
Que no Answer Que no Answer Que no Answer
1 B 1 B 1 A
2 B 2 D 2 A
3 D 3 B 3 A
4 A 4 C 4 D
5 C 5 C 5 A

Assertion and Reasoning Answers