3rd Term

SCRIPTED
LESSONS
2023/2024 ACADEMIC SESSION

PHYSICS
SS 1 WEEK 6
 PHYSICS SS 1
3RD TERM WEEK 6
PERIOD 1 AND 2

THEME: ELASTIC PROPERTIES OF SOLID

TOPIC: HOOKE’S LAW

SUBJECT PHYSICS SS 1 DURATION

40 MIN

Instructional Spring, rubber bond

material
Lesson Time Teacher Activity Student Activity Core skills
Procedure
Step1: 5mins Ask the student to explain what Studentsgives Communication
Identification of happens to a spring when it is varied response Critical thinking
Prior Ideas. compressed by a force and hen
it is released
Steps 2: 20mins Defies elastic material elasticity, Listens attentively Communication
Main Lesson he states the Hook’s Law and and takes down Collaboration.
demon strata the verification of note
Hooke’s law thereafter, he solves
simple problems
involving hooks law

Step 3 10mins Re-explores classic materials, Listens attentively Critical thinking

Application in elasticity states and ask question Collaboration
class exercise the Hooke’s law where necessary. Communication
Step 4 4mins Ask the students to state Students give Critical thinking
Evaluation Hooke’s law express Hooke’s varied responds. Collaboration
law mathematically communication
Step 5 A load of 50N attached to the
Assignment. free end of a spiral spring
stretches it from
0.30m to 0.36m. calculate the
length of the spring when a
load of 70N is
suspended from the end.
 BOARD SUMMARY
Elastic Properties of Solid
Elastic Material
An elastic material is the one that regain its original shape and size after the distorting
force has been removed.
Elasticity
This is the ability of a substance to regain its original shape and size after being districted
by an external force
Hooke’s Law
Hooke’s law state that the extension[e] of an elastic material is directly proportional to the
applied force(f) provided the elastic limit is not exceeded
From Hooke’s Law
fe
f = ke (1)
K is a constant of proportionality called the force constant or the stiffness of the elastic
material.
Four equation (1) k = f/e (2).
The unit of k is Nm-1
Thus force constant can be defined as the force required to give a unit extension. It can
also be defined as the ratio of force applied to the extension
Experiment
Tittle: Hooke’s Law Experiment
Aim: To verify Hooke’s law and determine the force constant of a spring.
Apparatus: spiral spring, pointer, scale pan, meter rule, a retort stand, two clamps/boss
head.
Procedure
i. One end of the spring is firmly clamped and a scale pan of known mass is hung on
the bottom end of the spring as shown above.
ii. By means of plasticine the pointer is attached to the spring horizontally while the
meter rule (scale) is clamp vertically suc that the pointer position on the meter can
be read.
iii. Note and record the initial position l of the pointer.
iv. Add weights of steps of about 50g (0.005kg) i.e 50g, 100g, 150g …. And in each
case notice and record the pointer reading as x1
v. Remove the weights in equal steps and note the corresponding pointer position x2
vi. Tabulate your reading as shown below:
Load (N) X1 (cm) X2 (cm) X=X1+x2 (mc) Extension
2 e=x-l (cm)

A graph of load [force] against the extension [e] with the line passing through the origin is
shown below.

Force y z
(n) y w x

Extension (cm)

Point V = Proportional point

W = Elastic limit
X = Yield point
Y = Maximum load
Z = Breaking point
Elastic Limit: This is the limit of force beyond which the material does not return to its
originals length when the stretching force is removed.
Yield point: This is the point beyond the elastic limit in which the elastic material has
yielded all its elasticity permanently and has become plastic.
Maximum load: The maximum load of a material is the load or stress it can withstand
beyond which it breaks.
Breaking point: This is the point of a material where it is loaded the maximum beyond
load.
Calculation
A force of 50N stretches a spring by 0.02m. If a force of 70N is added to the original force
on the spring, what is its extension?
Solution
Given: F1 = 50N
F2 = 70N
e1 = 0.02m
e2= ?
Total force F = 70+50
F = 120N
Solve for elastic [k] first
K= F1/e1
K= 50/0.02
K =2,500Nm-1

From F= Ke
We have that e2 =f/k
= 120/2500
e2=0.048m.
 PERIOD 3
THEME: ELASTIC PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS
TOPIC YOUNG’S MODULUS
Instructional At the end of the lesson, student should be able to (1) define young s
objective/Lesson modulus (2) solve simple problems involving Young’s Modulus
Outcome
Instructional Material Spring, elastic string
Teacher Preparation
for Lesson
Lesson Procedure Time Teacher activity Student Core skills
activities
Step 1: 5mins Ask the students to Students gives communication
Identification of Prior define elastic varied response Critical thinking
Ideas material and state
Hooke’s law
Step 2: 20mins Defines tensile stress Listens attentively Critical thinking
Main Lesson and tensile strain and take down communication
starting their formulas note
thereafter he defines
the Young’s Modules
and solves simple
problems involve
Young’s
Step 3: Application in 10mins Re- explains young’s Listen attentively Critical thinking
Class Exercise modulus and ask Communication
questions where Collaboration
necessary
Step 4: Evaluation 4mins Ask the students to Students collaboration
define Young’s gives varied critical
Modulus and give responds thinking
them problems to communicatio
solve from the n
recommended
textbook
Step 5: A wire of length 2.00m
Assignment and radius 1.0mm is
stretched by 25.0mm
on application of a
force of 1000N.
Calculate the
Young's modulus.

BOARD SUMMARY
YOUNG’S MODULUS
Tensile stress and strain
Given a wire of length l and cross sectional area A, if the wire is extended through e by a
force f, tensile stress is defined as the ratio of the force to the area.
Stress = f/A
The unit is Nm-2
Tensile strain is defined as the ratio of the extension to the original length.
Strain = e/l
Strain has no units.
Hooke’s Law can also be stated as follows: Stress is proportional to strain provided elastic
limit is not exceeded.
ie stress  strain
f/A x e/l
f/A = constant (e/l)
The constant of proportionality is called young’s modulus of elasticity (y). Thus young’s
modulus (y) is defined as the ratio of stress to strain.
 f/A = y(e/l)
 y = f/A
e/l
It’s unit is Nm-2
Note: If the cross sectional area (A) is not given and radius or diameter is given, use the
relation A = r2 or A = d2
4

To solve for area where: r = radius

d = diameter.
Example
1. A force of 40N is applied at the free end of a wire fixed at one end to produce an
extension of 0.24mm. lf the original length and diameter are 3m and 2.0mm
respectively, calculate:
a) Stress on the wire
b) Stain in the wire
Solution
Given: f = 40N
e = 0.24mm = 2.4 x 10 -4m
l = 3m
d = 2.0mm = 2.0 x 10 -3m

a) Stress = F/A
But A = d2
4
Stress = f
d2
4
Stress = 4 x 40
22/7 x (2.0x10-5)2
= 7 x 4 x 40
22 x 4.0x10-6
 = 280 x 106
22
Stress = 12. 7 x 106 Nm-2

b) Strain = e/l
= 2.4 x 10-4
3
Strain = 8.0 x10-5
2) A meter wire has diameter 1.2x10-3 m and Young’s modulus of 2 x 1012 Nm-2. Calculate
the tensile stress if the tensile strain is 0.01.
Solution
Given: y = 2x1012 Nm-2
Strain = 0.01
d = 1.2 x 10-3m
y = stress
Strain
2 x1012 = stress
0.01
Stress = 2 x 1012 x 0.01
Stress = 2x 1010Nm-2

PERIOD 4
THEME: ELASTIC PROPERTIES OF SOLID
TOPIC: WORK DONE IN SPRINGS AND ELASTIC STRING
Instructional At the end of the lesson the students should be able to
objective/ lesson Explain work done in a spring and el elastic string
out come Solve simple problems involving work done in spring and elastic
string
Instructional Elastic string, spring.
materials
Teacher
preparation
Lesson Time Teacher Activity Student Core skills
Procedure Activity
Step 1: 5mins Ask the students to Students Communication
Identification of define tensile stress gives varied Critical
Prior Ideas and strain responds Thinking
step 2: Main 20mins Explain work done in Students Critical thinking
Lesson springs and elastic listens Communication
string and state the attentively
formula for work done and take
in springs and elastic down notes
strings and solves
some problems
involving work done in
springs
Step 3: 10mins Re-explains work Listens Critical thinking
Application in done in springs and attentively Collaboration
Class Exercise elastic strings and ask Communication
question
where
necessary
Step 4: 4mins Give the students Students Collaboration
evaluation question to solve from gives varied Critical thinking
a recommended answers Communication
textbook
Step 5: Calculate the work
assignment done to stretch an
elastic string by 50cm,
if a force 12.5N
produces an extension
of 5cm in it.

BOARD SUMMARY

WORK DONE IN SPRINGS AND ELASTIC STRING

Work done in stretching a spring or elastic string is the product of the average force
stretching the spring / string and the extension produced.
Average force = initial force + final force
2
Average force =0+f
2
= 1/2f
Work done = ½ fe.
But f = ke
Therefore work done = ½ (ke) e
Work done = ½ ke2
This is equal to the elastic potential energy of the spring / elastic string.
 Elastic potential energy = 1/2fe or = 1/2ke2

Example
(1) A spring of force constant 300Nm-1 is compressed such that its length shortens by
3cm, calculate the energy stored in the spring.
Solution
Given k = 3000Nm-1
Compression l = 3cm =0. 03m
Energy stored e = ?
Apply the formula
E = ½ ke2
= ½ x30x (0.03)2
E = 0.135J.
(2). A spring of length 2.0m requires a force of 6N to stretch it by 0.2cm. What work is
done in stretching it by 2cm if the elastic limit is not exceeded.