Topics 1 and 2

Development and Evolution of Security.

•Since the beginning, people sought security, safety, protection, and freedom from fear
and danger.
• Evolution - the gradual development of something, especially from a simple to a more
complex form.
• Security - it is the state or condition of being secured, it is also a freedom from fear,
harm, danger, loss, destruction or damage.
• Private Security - primarily engaged in providing guard and patrol services, such as
bodyguard, guard dog, parking security and security guard services.
•They have arms, weapons, and barriers around their dwellings for their protection.
•Then, people made rules and laws that they tried to enforce individually, as a group,
and through others.
•Early civilization relied upon a ruler and his army to govern and protect the people.
•The people of the Middle Ages tried loosely organized experiments with evolving
forms of public law enforcement and isolated instances of private security when public
law enforcement was ineffective.
•Private security evolved from the human desire for additional, individual protection for
themselves and their property.

• EVOLUTION OF QUEST FOR SECURITY:

1. Individual or small community groups came together in search of collective security,
to ease food-finding, or to satisfy other mutually felt individual needs. (The search for
Collective Security)
2. Individual or small community groups discovered the need for rules of laws.
Historically, people believed that passing "good" laws was sufficient; the ruler's army
could enforce them. (Need for rules of laws)
3. Individual or small community members would not obey the rules. Even the laws man
can devise are useless, and rulers and governments are powerless if the laws are not
obeyed. (Some people would not obey laws)
4. Individual or small community groups in one form or another means, to compel
observance of rules that were found and established. Sometimes they worked, but
frequently they did not. Consequently, more communities have perished because they
cannot enforce their laws that have been destroyed by natural disasters or hostile
aggression. (The means to compel observance of rules found)
• ANCIENT-TIMES:
Lake dwellings were one popular means of achieving security. Access to the lake
dwellings was controlled by drawbridges and boats.
• ANCIENT-TIMES: Prehistoric Americans because of their unfriendly tribes built their
homes on a high cliff so using a ladder that could be pulled up so that their dwelling was
impregnable or unable to be captured
• ANCIENT-TIMES: Great Wall of China, Chin (Qin Shi Huang, to protect his newly
founded Qin dynasty (221-206 BC ) against incursions by nomads from Inner Asia.)
• ANCIENT-TIMES: Rome also emphasized physical security in the form of broad,
straight roads patrolled by Legions, and bridges controlled by iron gates and guards.
• 5 Ancient Security Systems Still in Use Today:
• Watchtowers are very likely the precursors to our current use of cameras that allow
security-minded individuals to keep an eye on any encroachers from a safe, remote
location.
• Gates-The prevalent use of walls it was necessary to create a means for people to
come and go when needed.
• Moats- were a viciously ingenious security tactic that deterred invaders on multiple
levels. First of all, the moat was usually used in combination with a wall.
Weapons- However, the use of weapons to knock back attackers is as old as the first
time a man balled his hand into a fist and thrust it at his enemy. Today, fists are
augmented by security measures like pepper spray, and instead of spears, red-blooded
Americans are more likely to consider a gun for home protection, but the use of
weapons has and will likely always be a fundamental piece of staying safe and secure.

Middle-Ages
• Feudalism- it was a way of structuring society around relationships derived from the
holding of land in exchange for service or labor.
• Lowest workers, serfs, laboring for a nobleman
• Anglo-Saxons- the people who invaded or inhabited Great Britain
• Group of ten families, called tithings "anything or nothing" responsible for maintaining
local law and orders.
• Frankpledge System was also known as the "peace pledge". All free Englishmen
swear to maintain the peace.
Kings
• King John - one of the more controversial monarchs of Medieval England and is
most associated with the signing of the Magna Carta in 1215.
King Edward - issued the statute of Westminster.
• Statute of Westminster - statute or law that was formalized in England about the
practices in criminal Justice and apprehensions
• Watchmen were patrolling even during the night so that they could supplement the
traditional duties of the constable (a police officer with a limited policing system) during
the day. They were assigned at every gate of the walled town just like the security
guards nowadays they are mostly seen guarding the entrance of a-mall or
establishments

18th Century
 • In this period these is an extensive social & economic changes wherein cottage
industries were transformed into large factories that is located in the city.
• Policy was to encourage those who abide law and to discourage those who are not by
giving heavy punishments
19th Century (England)
The Own police force was established in this period because there was an insufficient
number of policemen in England, So private establishments decided to build our
produce their own police enforcement.
• Bow Street Runners
Mid-1800's (U.S)
Their way of maintaining a peace is kind of unusual because instead of having
policemen they have agents and spies.
• Pinkerton- a sheriff before but became a special agent soon because back then
gangs existed and because of minerals such as Illegal mining and gold massive of
illegal miners existed.
After the restoration of civil authority in 1945;
1. Trade and commerce resumed;
2. Residents in the urban centers tried adopting new lifestyles, security, safeguards and
protection; and
3. Personal value replaced traditional trust and confidence among neighbors

• "Bombay Serene" - one who acted as a security guard, porter, and messenger to a
variety of firms and employers, with no other responsibilities other than watchmen.
• The craft of crime became more sophisticated by science and technology, new tools
and weapons resorting to force, terrorism, and violence.
• The Philippine Congress enacted Rep. Act No. 5487 known as the "Private Security
Agency Law”. Sets standards and minimum requirements for the operation of private
security agencies.
TODAY:
• The private security agency in general appears to be operating profitably enough,
giving employment opportunities and a contribution to the Philippine economy and
rendering a higher service of product within the limits provided by the existing laws,
decrees, and Implementing rules and regulations.
The Philippines have problems unique its own, is the law and order concern. However,
the government could easily assign the private security sector as its strategic partner.
Because the security guards are potential assets to help peace and order in the
community.
CHALLENGES IN PRIVATE SECURITY
A. PROFESSIONALISM
• The caliber of a person entering private security with a long-term commitment to grow
• The industry continuously to improve
• Encouraged by improving pay scales
• Offering opportunities for upward mobility for qualified persons.
B. TRAINING
Key to this challenge The Certified Security Professionals (CSP) Philippines Association
of Detectives and Protective Agency Operations, Inc (PADPAO, Inc.)
C. LEGAL STATUS
Private security personnel have no police power.
Quasi-law enforcement In nature and they Interact. Confront their fellow citizens in
adversarial situations.
D. IMAGE
Public perception is private security. Rapidly outgrowing the "rent-a-cop" or "floor
walker" image.
Improving both the relationship between perception of the citizens. Similar with the
image of public policing affects the ESPRIT DE CORPS, morale & welfare of members.

SECURITY
A state where people, institution, authority or groups
feel fully secured of feeling, free from any threat or vulnerability from somewhere
or someone in his/her life, liberty, property or activity.
It could be in physical, psychological, social or economical form.
It could be in physical, psychological, social or economical form.

SECURITY VS. SAFETY

• Definition Aspect: Security is protection against external threats, Safety is

protection from internal harm.
• Emotional Aspect: feeling of being safe is an emotional aspect while
security has to do with physical aspect.
• Deliberate and Unintended: Security is the protection against deliberate
threats while safety is protection against unintended threats.
• Coverage: Security is a major affair that covers a wide area and goes
even further to be an international aspect. Safety involves the premises of
a house, company, and institution.
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF SECURITY
• Command Responsibility: The responsibility of commanders for crimes
committed by subordinate members. Cannot be delegated but security
tasks can be assigned.
• Compartmentation: Establishment and management of an organization so
that information about the personnel or activities of one component is
made available to any other component.
 • Balance between security and efficiency: Security prevails over efficiency
• General principles of security remain constant: Specific measures to suit
operations
• Security is the concern of all personnel: Regardless of rank, position,
designation
.
BRIEF HISTORY OF SECURITY IN THE PHILIPPINES
March 11, 1933: The private security business began. The first formally licensed private
security agency was "Special Watchman Agency".
Later it renamed "Jimenez Security Agency", founded by brothers Juan and Pedro
Jimenez.
May 30 1958: The Philippine Association of Detectives and Protective Agency
Operators (PADPAO) was formally organized.
RA 5487 (The Private Security Agency Law) was passed on June 13, 1969 through the
continuous lobbying of the incorporators and officers of PADPAO, which set the
standards and minimum requirements for the operations of security agencies.
On 29 June 1970, the office was renamed to PC Supervisory Unit for Security and
Investigation Agencies (PCSUSIA).
On 31 May 1996 the Security Agencies and Guards Supervision Division (SAGSD) was
created as one division under the Civil Security Group (CSG) to exercise supervisory
authority and implement the Rules and Regulations embodied in RA 5487.
On Sep 25, 2009, SAGSD was renamed as the Supervisory Office for Security &
Investigation Agencies (SOSIA)
AT PRESENT
Civil Security Group (CSG)- is the main regulatory office of the Philippine National
Police (PNP) that exercises administrative and operational control over the firearms,
explosives and private security industries.
PNPSOSIA - PNP Supervisory Office for Security and Investigation Agencies -
responsible for the issuance of implementing orders regarding the rules and regulations
affecting security agencies operation.
PNP FEO - issues licenses on firearms
Republic Act no. 11917- "The Private Security Services Industry Act." (July 2022). An
act strengthening the regulation of the private security services industry, repealing RA
5487
DIFFERENT TYPE OF SECURITY
Physical Security: is a system of barriers placed between the potential intruder and the
matter to be protected. It is considered as the broadest type of security. It prevents
unauthorized access to equipment, facilities, material, and documents, and to safeguard
them against espionage, sabotage, damage and theft.
TYPES OF PHYSICAL SECURITY
1. A. Active: By using different types of barriers. These involve the installation of
physical barriers, security lighting, use of vaults, locks and others.
 Methods used;
Overt method
Covert method
B. Passive: By using psychological approach. Those that will deter man from
committing such act of fear of being caught, charge in court or get dismissed,
such as: security education, programs, investigations, seminars, personnel
security check.
2. Communication Security is the protection resulting from the application of
various measures which prevents or delay the enemy or unauthorized person in
giving information through the communication system.
3. Hotel Security is the protection resulting from the application of various
measures which safeguards hotel guests and personnel, hotel property, and
functions in hotel restaurants, bars and clubs.
4. Bank Security is the protection from the application of various measures
which safeguards cash and assets which are in storage in transit and during
transactions.
5. Document Security is physical security that involves the protection of
documents and classified papers from loss, access to unauthorized person,
damage, theft and compromised through disclosure.
6. Personal and VIP Security involve in the protection of top ranking official the
government, visiting persons of illustrious standing and foreign dignitaries.
7. Crisis Security is the protection of the rich person, industrial magnates,
political leaders against kidnapping for economic, political, emotional or
nationalistic purposes.
8. Industrial Security various measures to safeguard factories, manufacturing
establishment, etc.
9. Operational Security is physical which deals with the protection of processes,
formulas, patents and other activities.
10. Other special type of security such as Air cargo security, Supermarket,
School Security, Personnel security, etc.
Physical Security
Objectives:
a. To protect the organization's asset;
b. To make access so difficult that an intruder will not dare attempt penetration.
Concepts:
a. Enemy agents will always seek access;
b. Surreptitious entry is the greatest hazard to security;
c. There are no impenetrable barriers;
d. Each installation is different.
FACTORS THAT BRING INSECURE CONDITION
1. Threat
• An indication of impending danger or harm;
positive inimical acts
2. Hazard
• A chance of being injured or harmed;
• Passive inimical acts
• 3. Vulnerability
• inability to withstand the effects of a hostile environment -measure of how
open an establishment to intrusion, attack or injury
• 4. Risk is the potential that a chosen action or activity (including the choice
of inaction) will lead to a loss (an undesirable outcome).
• 3. Vulnerability
• inability to withstand the effects of a hostile environment -measure of how
open an establishment to intrusion, attack or injury
• 4. Risk is the potential that a chosen action or activity (including the choice
of inaction) will lead to a loss (an undesirable outcome).
• Probability of an event to happen that will lead to loss.

SECURITY HAZARD
An act or condition which results in a situation conducive to a breach of
the protection system and the subsequent loss or compromise, or damage
to personnel, property or facilities.

KINDS OF HAZARD
1. Man-Made Hazards an acts or conditions affecting the safe of operation
of the facility caused by human action, accidental or intentional. It includes
sabotage, espionage, pilferage and theft.
2. Natural Hazard cause by natural phenomena which cause
damage, disturbance and problems of normal functioning activities,
including security. It includes flood, lighting, storms and volcanic
eruptions.

The extent of degree of risk to security will be defendant on the following:

1. Relative criticality of operations Is the importance of the firm which
reference to the national economy and security.
2. Relative Vulnerability The susceptibility of the plant or establishment to
damage, loss, or disruption of operation due to various hazard.
 BARRIER
Any structure or physical device capable of restricting, deterring, delaying,
illegal access to an installation.
Generally, a barrier is use for the following purposes:
1. Outline the perimeter of the area to be secured;
2. Create a physical and psychological deterrent to unauthorized entry;
3. Delay intrusion, thus facilitating apprehension of intruders;
4. Assist in more efficient and economical employment of guards;
5. Facilitates and impose the control of pedestrian and vehicular traffic.

Generally, a barrier is use for the following purposes:

1. Outline the perimeter of the area to be secured;
2. Create a physical and psychological deterrent to unauthorized entry;
3. Delay intrusion, thus facilitating apprehension of intruders;
4. Assist in more efficient and economical employment of guards;
5. Facilitates and impose the control of pedestrian and vehicular traffic.

BARRIER

1. FIRST LINE OF DEFENSE Perimeter barrier/fences - a medium or structure

which defines the physical limits of an installation or area to restrict or impede
access thereto.
2. SECOND LINE OF DEFENSE Doors, floors, windows, walls, roofs and grills.
3. THIRD LINE OF DEFENSE Storage system like steel cabinets, safes, vaults and
interior files.

GENERAL TYPES OF PHYSICAL BARRIER:

1. NATURAL BARRIER include mountains, rivers, seas, desserts or terrain
difficult to traverse. To be fully effective, these barriers must be under
surveillance of guards.
2.STRUCTURAL OR MAN-MADE BARRIER structural constructions made by man
like fences, walls, floors, roofs, grill or other physical means to deter or impede
penetration

TYPES OF FENCES
1. SOLID FENCE Constructed in such away that visual access through the fence
is denied. It denies the opportunity for the intruder to become familiar with the
personnel, activities and the scheduled movements of the security personnel.
 • WALL Masonry wall should have the same as the chain linked and
surrounded by the barbed wire as top guard.
• 2. FULL VIEW FENCE It is constructed in such a way that visuals access is
permitted through the fence. It allows the security personnel to keep the
surrounding of the installation under observation. On the other hand, it
allows the intruder to become familiar with the movements the security
personnel.

TYPES OF FULL VIEW FENCE

1. CHAIN LINK FENCE

• Should be constructed minimum height of 7 feet excluding top
guard;
• Mesh openings of not larger 2 inches per side;
• Securely fastened to rigid material or reinforced concrete;
• Reach within 2 inches of hard ground or paving;
2. BARBED WIRE FENCE is a type of fencing wire constructed with sharp edges
or points arranged at intervals along the strand(s). It is used to construct
inexpensive fences.
3. Concertina Wire or Dannert Wire is a type of barbed wire or razor wire that is
formed in large coils which can be expanded like a concertina.
• -Opened concertina wire is 50 feet long and 3 feet diameter.

ADDITIONAL PROTECTIVE MEASURES

1. Top Guard an addition overhang or barbed wire place on vertical perimeter
fences facing upward and outward with a 45 degree angle with three to four
strands of barbed wires space six inches apart. This will increase the protective
height and prevent easy access.
2. Entry Stations provided at main perimeter entrances to secure areas located
out of the doors, and manned by guards on a full time basis.
3. Towers a house like structures above the perimeter barrier. Height of tower
increases the range of observation during day and night with artificial
illumination.
4. Clear Zones unobstructed area maintain on both sides of the perimeter barrier.
It affords better observation and patrol movement.
• 20 feet or more between the perimeter barrier and exterior structure.
• 50 feet or more between the perimeter barrier and structure within
the protected areas.
PROTECTION IN DEPTH
• In large open areas or ground, where fencing or walling is
impracticable and expensive, warning signs should be
conspicuously placed.
5. Signs and Notices erected where necessary in the management of
unauthorized ingress and preclude accidental entry.

SECURITY LIGHTING
Provides sufficient illumination to areas during hours of darkness.

PURPOSES OF SECURITY LIGHTING

• It improves visibility so that intruders can be seen, identified and
apprehend
• It gives psychological fear, which serves as a deterrent to thieves,
pilferers, trespassers, and sabotage;
• It makes easier. The routine of work of guards in identifying
employees, vehicles during night time;
• If placed in certain areas, may even reduce the number of stationary
guards, and instead, may require only roving patrols at night.

TYPES OF SECURITY LIGHTING

1. Stationary Luminary most common type consisting of fixed series of

luminaries. It is commonly used on entry gates of employees and vehicles.
• Glare Protection Type - The intensity is focused to the intruder while
the observer or the guard remain in comparative darkness.
• Controlled lighting- The lighting is focused on certain objects than
the background.
2. Standby Lighting similar to continuous lighting but can be turned on manually
or by special device or other automatic means, when there is a suspicion of entry.
3. Emergency Lighting stand by lighting which can be utilized in the event of
electrical failure.
PROTECTIVE ALARMS
An aural or visual signal given by the annunciator to the security when intruder
actuate certain devices in a protected area.
Annunciator a visual or audible signaling device, which initiates conditions of
associated circuits.
THREE BASIC PARTS OF ALARM
1. Sensors device that can sense an abnormal condition within the system and
provide a signal indicating the presence or nature of the abnormality
2. Circuit It is the communication channel that conveys the information from all
sensors in the system to the signal by means of wire, radio waves.
3. Signal The actual alarm may be audible or silent, a bell, buzzer, phone ringing,
or flashing of light.
TYPES OF PROTECTIVE ALARM
1. Central Station System Several separate compounds tie their alarm system to
a central station so that in case of need, the central station calls for assistance to
the police, fire department, hospital or with other government assisting units.
2. Proprietary System Similar to the central station type excepts that the
proprietary console is located inside the subscribers installation who owns or
bases the system.
3. Auxiliary System An installation owned system which is a direct extension of
the local enforcement agency and/or fire department by special arrangements.
4. Local Alarm System Consists of rigging up a visual or audible alarm near the
object to be protected. In case of alarm, response will be made by the local
guards and other personnel within sight or hearing.
FIRE PROTECTION
FIRE ALARM Any visual or audible signal produced by a device or system to
warn the occupants of the building or fire fighting elements of the presence or
danger of fire to enable them to undertake immediate action to save life and
property and to suppress the fire.
DEVICES
1. Smoke Detector a device placed at the ceilings of the floor that detects smoke,
typically as an indicator of fire.
2. Fire Bell a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound.
AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER
Built in sprinklers which works by the increase of room temperature and which
automatically operates the system to put out the fire. Attached and distributed in
the ceiling of the rooms. These sprinklers will go into action once a fire starts,
and those that will open are those that are directly above the fire and water is
delivered where it is needed.
STAND PIPES
Steel or plastic pipes located
inside the building from the lowest to the top floor with water under pressure for
use in case of fire. Located near the standpipe is a fire hose usually enclosed in a
glass box.
FIRE HYDRANT
It is a mechanical device
strategically located in an installation or in a street where a fire hose will be
connected so that the water will be available to extinguished a fire.
FIRE EXTINGUISHER
Is a fire fighting equipment which can be portable or in cart that is used to put out
fire depending on the contents to extinguish certain types of fire.
HOW TO OPERATE FIRE EXTINGUISHER
PULL the pin
• Fire extinguishers often have a pin, latch, or puncture lever that you
need to release first.
AIM low
• Aim the nozzle or hose of the extinguisher at the base of the fire.
SQUEEZE the handle
• This releases the extinguishing agent.
SWEEP from side to side
• Move in close, and sweep across the base of the fire. Watch for re-
flash of the fire.

CLASSES OF FIRE
1. CLASS A FIRES involving ordinary combustible materials such as wood,
cloth, and paper, requires an extinguishing agent which cools. A water or
multi-purpose dry chemical can be used.
2. CLASS B fires involving flammable and combustible liquids and gases,
such as solvents, greases, gasoline, and lubricating oil, require an
extinguisher which removes oxygen or cuts the chain reaction. Foam,
carbon dioxide, dry chemical, are effective.
3. CLASS C fires involve energized electrical equipment (live electrical
wires, electrical appliances). A non-conducting extinguishing agent such
as carbon dioxide or multi-purpose dry chemical must be used.
4. CLASS D FIRES the result of the combustion of certain materials in
firely divided forms. These metals can be magnesium, potassium,
powdered aluminum and zinc.

ALARM DEVICES
1. Magnetic Door Contact is a protective device usually placed in the door,
and window that can send notification when the opening and closure
occurs
2. Vibration Contact mounted on barriers and are used primarily to detect
an attack on the structure itself. When movement or vibration occurs, the
unstable portion of the circuit moves and breaks the current flow, which
produces an alarm.
3. Passive Infrared Detector (PIR) or Motion Sensor able to distinguish if an
infrared emitting object is present by first learning the ambient temperature
of the monitored space and then detecting a change in the temperature
caused by the presence of an object.
4. Panic button Often located under the counter, the button can be pressed
in times of distress (Such as robbery, disruptive or threatening behavior, or
a situation which may warrant assistance), triggering a silent alarm.
5. CCTV A video monitoring system is more commonly known as Closed
Circuit Television Systems. A CCTV system is a system consisting of a
television camera, video monitor, and a transmission medium (Cable, fiber
or wireless) connecting the two. It is used to monitor the premises.
IP CAMERA
• IP based cameras work by turning images and audio into data then
transmitting this data over a network or Internet connection.
• IP cameras are a type of Closed Circuit Television Camera (CCTV)
used for capturing images and audio recordings in surveillance for
homes and businesses.

PROTECTIVE LOCKS
LOCK
Defined as mechanical, electrical, hydraulic or electronic device designed
to prevent entry to a building or room.

TYPES OF LOCKS
1. Key Operated Lock
It uses some sort of arrangement of internal physical barriers which
prevent the lock from operating unless they are properly aligned. The key
is the device used to align these internal barriers so that the lock may be
operated.
PADLOCK
• A portable and detachable lock having a pivoted or sliding hasp
which possess through a staple ring, or the like and is made fast or
secured.
2. COMBINATION LOCK
A lock that requires manipulation of parts according to a predetermined
combination code of numbers.
3. CARD OPERATED LOCK/CODED LOCK
type of lock that can be opened by inserting a coded card in a slot in the
lock, or by pushing the correct button on the surface of the lock.
4. ELECTRONIC LOCK
Type of lock that can be closed and opened remotely by electronic means.

BIOMETRICS
 • A machine that can be used for identification of
humans by their characteristics or traits.
• It is used as a form of identification and access control.
• It is equipped with recording device that can identify the person
operating the lock and the time it was operated.

KEY CONTROL
Defined as the management of keys in a plant or business organization to
prevent unauthorized individual access to the keys.

Change Key
• A key to a single lock
Sub-Master Key
• A key that can open all locks within a particular area or grouping.
Master Key
• A special key capable of opening a series of locks
Grand Master Key
• A key that can open everything in a system involving two or more
master key groups.

PETERMAN
• A term used in England for lock picker, safecrackers, and
penetrators of restricted areas or rooms.
FALSE KEY
• Genuine key stolen from the owner
 HUMAN BARRIER

Security guard
• Is any natural person who
offers or renders personal service to watch or guard residential or business
premises or both, government and/or their premises for hire and compensation.
Security Supervisor
• Is charged with directing the work and observing the behavioral
performance of the guard under his unit.

ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION OF SECURITY GUARD FORCE

PNPSOSIA
Philippine National Police Supervisory Office for Security Investigation Agency -
office under the Civil Security Group which is charged with the supervision,
direction and control of all security agencies in the Republic.
Who May Organize And Maintain Private Security Agency And Private
Detective Agency
Any Filipino citizen or corporation, association, partnership, one hundred percent
of which is owned and controlled by Filipino citizens.

BASIC REQUIREMENT OF AN OPERATOR OR MANAGER OF SECURITY

AGENCY
1. Filipino citizen;
2. Not be less than twenty five (25) years of age;
3. College graduate and/or a commissioned officer in the inactive service or retired
from the AFP or PNP;
4. Has taken a course/seminar on Industrial Security Management and/or must have
adequate training or experience in security business,
4. Good moral character;
5. Having no previous record of conviction of crime or offense involving moral
turpitude
QUALIFICATIONS OF SECURITY GUARD OR WATCHMAN
1. Filipino citizen;
2. High School graduate;
3. Physically and mentally fit;
4. At least eighteen (18) years of age but not more than fifty (50) years old;
5. Has undergone Pre-Licensing course or its equivalent.
Note: Veterans and retired military/police personnel honorably discharge including
graduates of ROTC advance (or its equivalent in the PNP) are exempted from the
required Basic-Licensing Training.
QUALIFICATIONS FOR SECURITY OFFICER

1. Filipino citizen;
2. Holder of a Baccalaureate Degree;
3. Physically and mentally fit;
4. Has graduated from a Security Officer Training Course or its equivalent
QUALIFICATIONS OF SECURITY CONSULTANT

1. Filipino citizen;
2. Physically and mentally fit;
3. Holder of Masters degree either in Criminology, Public Administration, MNSA,
Industrial Security Administration, or Law
4. Must have at least ten (10) years experience in the operation and management of
security business.

PRIVATE DETECTIVE
QUALIFICATIONS OF A PRIVATE DETECTIVE

1. Filipino citizen;
2. Physically and mentally fit;
3. Holder of baccalaureate degree, preferably Bachelor of Laws or Bachelor of Science
in Criminology;
4. Graduate of a Criminal Investigation Course offered by the PNP or NBI or any police
training school, or a detective training in any
authorized/recognized training center;
5. Advance ROTC graduate or its equivalent

PRIVATE DETECTIVE
DISQUALIFICATIONS
1. Having previous record of any conviction of any crime;
2. Having previous record of any conviction of any offense involving moral turpitude;
3. Having been dishonorably discharged or separated from employment or service;
2. Being a mental incompetent;
3. Being addicted to the use of narcotic drug or drugs, and
4. Being a habitual drunkard
5. Dummy of a foreigner

MORAL TURPITUDE
It is an act of baseness, vileness or depravity in the private and social duties which a
man owes to his fellowmen or to society in general, contrary to the accepted and
customary rule of right and duty between a man and man.
These are conducts that are considered contrary to community standards of justice,
honesty and good morals.
Examples. Rape, Forgery, Robbery

TYPES OF SECURITY GUARD FORCE

• Company Guard Force security force maintained and operated by any private
company/corporation utilizing any of its employees to watch secure and guard its
establishment.
• Security Agency service security guard belonging to privately licensed agency
(contractual basis);
• Government Guard Forces security unit maintained and operated by any government
entity other than military or police.
POSSESSION OF FIREARMS
1. One (1) firearm for every two (2) security guards;
2. Private security agency/private detective
agency/company security force/government security force shall not be allowed to
possess firearms in excess of five hundred (500) units.
3. Shotguns not higher than 12 gauge
4. Weapons with bores not bigger than cal.22 to include pistols and revolvers with bores
bigger than cal .38
Exemptions:
In areas where there is an upsurge of lawlessness and criminality as determined by the
Chief PNP, Regional Office or their authorized representative, they may be allowed to
acquire, possess and use high powered firearms.
NUMBERS OF SECURITY PERSONNEL TO BE MAINTAINED TO SECURE
REGULAR LICENSE TO OPERATE
1. Private Security Agency (PSA). - Any Filipino citizen or juridical entity wholly owned
and controlled by Filipino citizens may organize a private
Security agency and provide security services:
Provided, That they shall not employ more than two thousand (2,000) private security
professionals as defined in RA 11917.
2. Company Guard Force/Private Detective Agency - minimum of thirty (30) and a
maximum of One thousand (1,000)
LIMITATION IN THE CARRYING OF FIREARMS

Duty Detail Order (DDO)

is a written order/schedule issued by a superior officer usually the private security
agency/branch manager or operations officer assigning the performance of private
security/detective services duties.
CLASSIFICATION OF TRAINING AND ITS DURATION
1. Basic Security Guard Course (Pre-Licensing Course) - 150 hours;
2. Re-Training Course- 48 hours;
3. Security Officers Training Course - 300 hours
4. Basic Security Supervisory Course - 48 hours –

Notes
• All Licenses to Operate have a validity of Two (2) years;
• All applications for renewal of License to operate (LTO) shall be filed at
least sixty (60) days before the expiry date of LTO;
• No application shall be approved unless a certification is issued by FED-
CSG.

Approval, Cancellation, Suspension of LTO

Chief PNP
• Approval of New Regular LTO
• Cancellation of Regular LTO
• Re-instatement of Regular LTO
• Suspension of Regular LTO
SURETY BOND
• Agency with 1-199 guards - P50,000.00
• Agency with 200-499 guards-P100,000.00
• Agency with 500-799 guards - P150,000.00
• Agency with 800-1000 guards - P200,000.00
Director Civil Security Group
• Renewal of Regular LTO
• Approval of Temporary LTO
• Reversion of Regular to Temporary LTO
• Cancellation of Temporary LTO
• Suspension of Temporary LTO
STOCKING OF AMMUNITION
Stocks of ammunition in the agency shall not exceed fifty (50) rounds of
ammunition per unit of duly licensed firearms.
Individual issue to each security guards shall be limited to twenty five (25) rounds
for every security guard.
CONFISCATION OF FIREARMS OF SECURITY GUARD
1. about to be used in the commission of a crime;
2. is used in the commission of a crime;
3. has just been used in the commission of a crime;
4. firearm being carried by the security guard is unlicensed;
5. confiscation of the firearm is directed by the order of the court;
6. firearm is used or carried outside the property, compound or establishment serviced
by the agency without proper authority; or
7. security guard does not possess any license to exercise his profession.

REVOCATION OF LICENSE TO POSSESS FIREARM

1. Failure to submit any issued firearm for verification as required;
2. Carrying firearms by security personnel without appropriate Duty Detail Order;
3. When the firearm serial number has been duplicated on another firearm or using one
firearms license for more than one firearm other than those stipulated in the license;
4. Carrying of firearms outside of the place stated in the permit or in places prohibited
under the law;
5. When the firearm was reported lost.
SECURITY PERSONNEL RANKS, POSITIONS, STAFFING PATTERN AND JOB
DESCRIPTION
1. Security Management Staff
1.1 Security Director (SD)
Agency Manager/Chief Security Officer- responsible for the entire operation and
administration/management of the security agency.
1.2 Security Executive Director (SED)
Assistant Agency Manager/Asst. Chief Security Officer - Assist the Security Director
1.3 Security Staff Director (SSD) - consists of:
• Staff Director for operation -assistant of the security manager for the
efficient operation of the agency.
• Staff Director for Administration is the staff assistant of the agency
manager for the effective and efficient administration and management of
the agency.
1.4Security Staff Director for Training
Staff in charge for Training - responsible for the training of the Agency's security
personnel
SECURITY PERSONNEL RANKS, POSITIONS, STAFFING PATTERN AND JOB
DESCRIPTION
2. Line Leadership Staff
2.1 Security Supervisor 3
Detachment Commander - is the field or area commander of the agency;
2.2 Security Supervisor 2
Chief Inspector - responsible for inspecting the entire area covered by the detachment;
2.3 Security Supervisor 1 - Inspector
Responsible for the area assigned by the Chief Inspector or the Detachment
Commander.
SECURITY PERSONNEL RANKS, POSITIONS, STAFFING PATTERN AND JOB
DESCRIPTION
3. Security guard
3.1 Security Guard 1 - Watchman/guard- the one actually posted as watchman and or
guard
3.2 Security Guard 2 - Shift in-charge - responsible for the security officers who are
scheduled in a certain shift for a particular period
3.3 Security Guard 3 - Post in- charge -responsible for the entire detailed security
office within a certain establishment.
Note: Security Agency operator/manager/owner can put its own staffing pattern
provided it is consistent with the provisions of IRR of RA 5487.
ADVANTAGES OF COMPANY GUARD FORCE
1. High caliber and receives higher salary;
2. Provides better service;
3. Can be trained to handle some of the more complex security duties;
4. More familiar with facilities they protect;
5. Tend to be more loyal with the company.
DISADVANTAGES:
1. May be required to join the union;
2. Cost more;
3 Problem of ensuring availability of back-up personnel.
ADVANTAGES OF AGENCY GUARD SERVICES
1. Less expensive;
2. Use is convenient;
3. Less administrative and personnel 2. problems;
4. Agency assumes full responsibility 4. for the scheduling and supervising of all guard
personnel
5. Easily obtain extra guard if needed;
6. Agency easily usually accepts liability of civil suits.
DISADVANTAGES:
1. Lack of training, low caliber employee;
No loyalty to the company;
3. Large turnover
Not familiar with facilities
ESSENTIAL QUALITIES OF SECURITY GUARD
1. Alertness being watchful in spotting violator, a person, a vehicle or an incident;
2. Judgment - sound and good judgment to arrive at wise and timely decisions;
3. Confidence - faith in oneself and his abilities;
4. Physical Fitness - always in a condition to render effective service even under the
most strenuous conditions;
5. Tactfulness
ability to deal with others successfully without offending;
6. Self Control
ability to take hold of oneself regardless of a provoking situation.
GENERAL FUNCTIONS OF A SECURITY GUARD

1. Enforce company rules and regulations;

2. Operate and enforce the personnel identification system;
3. Patrol and obs
erve designated areas, perimeter, structures, installation;
4. Take into custody a person attempting or giving unauthorized access in restricted
areas
5. Check rooms, buildings, storage rooms of security interest and after working hours,
check proper locking of doors and gates.
6. Perform escort duties when required;
7. Respond to alarm signals or other indications suspicious activities and emergencies;
8. Safeguard equipment against
sabotage, unauthorized access, theft or damage;
9. At quickly in situations affecting the security of installation and personnel, to fire
accidents, internal disorder, attempts to commit criminal acts;
10. Control and regulate vehicle and personnel traffic and parking within the compound;
11. Other duties that is necessary in the security guard function.
POWER AND DUTIES OF SECURITY GUARD
1. Territorial Power
Shall watch and secure the property of the person, firm or establishment with whom he
or his agency has a contract for security services. Such services shall not extend
beyond the property or compound of said person, firm or establishment except when
required by the latter in accordance with the terms of their contract, or in hot pursuit of
criminal offenders.
2. Arrest by Security Guard
A security guard or private detective is not a police officer and is not, therefore, clothed
with police authority. However, he may arrest a person under the circumstances
mentioned in Section 5, Rule 113, Revised Rules of Criminal Procedure.

3. Search without Warrant

Any security guard may, incident to the arrest, search the person so arrested in the
presence of at least two (2) witnesses. He may search employees of the firm or
establishment with which he or his agency has a contract, when such search is required
by the very nature of the business of the person, firm or establishment.
DUTIES DURING STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS
➤All private security personnel in direct confrontation with strikers, marchers or
demonstrators shall not carry firearms. They may carry night sticks (baton). Security
personnel not in direct confrontation with the strikers may carry in the usual prescribed
manner with their issued firearm.
➤ Private Security personnel shall avoid direct contact either physically or otherwise
with the strikers;
➤ They shall stay only within the perimeter of the installation which they are protecting
at all times;
➤shall only use sufficient and reasonable force necessary to overcome the risk or
danger posed by strikers or hostile crowds.
➤They shall refrain from abetting or assisting acts of management leading to physical
clash of forces between labor and management.
They must at all times be in complete uniform with their names and agency's name
shown on their shirts above the breast pockets.
POWERS OF CITY, MUNICIPAL MAYORS IN CASE OF EMERGENCY
• The city or municipal mayor may incorporate the members of the security
agency nearest the area of such disaster or calamity to help in the
maintenance of peace and order, or apprehension of violators of laws and
ordinance, and in the protection of lives and properties.
• They shall receive direct orders from the Chief of Police of the city or
municipality for the duration of the emergency, disaster or calamity.
SUPERVISION OF THE PNP
Licensed guards, who are actually assigned to clients with DDO, shall be deputized by
the Chief, PNP, and clothed with authority to enforce laws, rules and regulations within
his area of responsibility.