Student Name:- Bhawana Roll No.

:-2245191276

“COMPUTER PROJECT”
“Robotics & Drone technology”

CLASS-12th
Submitted By: -
BHAWANA
Roll No- 2245191276

Under the supervision of

Shri Girish Kumar Sharma

Department of Computer
Agrasen Inter College, Harduganj
Aligarh-202125
2023-24

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CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Bhawana S/0 Shri Shripal Singh

Class 12th, Roll No-2245191276, session 2023-24, who has

successfully completed her work under my guidance, I

congratulate her from the bottom of my heart and wish

his/her a bright future.

Director
Girish Kumar Sharma
Department of Computer
Agrasen Inter College, Harduganj
Aligarh

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Abstract

Ihis article talks about drones and their uses, first discussing the construction of the drone, the

most important components of which are the frarne, propeller, engine, power system,

electronic control and communication system. A. drone is a type of aircraft. A drone is also

known as an unmanned Aerial vehicle (UAV). A drone is “unmanned” because it doesn’t need a

pilot on board to fly it. Due to the popularity of drones and the fact that many of them are easy

and cheap to buy, it is generally expected that the ubiquity of drones will increase significantly

in the next few years. The main danger of using a drone is the fall of a drone from a great

height, which can be caused by battery discharge, damage due to weather conditions (low air

temperature, rain) or hitting and obstacle (trees, buildings, high-voltage lines). The US military

has used drones since the mid-1990s. since the beginning of 2013 many people hve started flying

drones for fun.

Keywords: - Drone Technology, GPS, Unmanned Aerial .Vehicle, Aircraft

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INTRODUCTION

The term "drone" generally refers to any unmanned aircraft, sometimes referred to as

"unmanned aerial vehicles" (UAVs). A drone is a flying robot. Drones can be remotely

controlled using onboard sensors and GPS. 1n the past, UAVs were often Once associated

with the military, intelligence gathering, and then, more controversially, as weapons platforms.

Drones are now being used for tasks ranging from search and rescue, surveillance, traffic

monitoring, weather Monitoring a nd firefighting, and even personal tasks. In today's

world, drones are used in the film industry and have become an important part and news -

reporters are also using thein to carry information from remote locations. An unmanned aerial

vehicle system consists of two parts, the drone itself and the control system.

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What is Drone Technology?

The .word "drone" is taken straight from the sci-fi world. Another name for drones is

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) (I). A drone is an unmanned aircraft. Which is known

as an unmanned aeria.1 system? Drones are used for filming, military

surveillance and recreational activities and drone work at the intersection of

aerospace, robotics, and mechatronics. A drone is a flying robot that can fly and

operate remotely. Drones have become important to several businesses and

government agencies. In rapid delivery, from industries to out-of-reach locations to

military bases, drone technology plays a crucial role and has proven to be extremely

beneficial. A drone can be piloted using a remote or using a mobile application.

Drones can work in conditions where dry, dull, or dangerous for human pilots. We can

use drones to work very easily. This is why most countries around the world are

adopting drones.

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Do Drones Work?

Drones are unr11anned aerial vehicles; drones are commonly referred, to as

unmanned aerial vehicles (UA V) where the entire system allows a drone to operate.

Drones have two basic functions: flight mode and navigation [2]. To fly, drones must

have a power source Such as batteries or fuel [3]. There will also be rotors,

propellers, and a frame. The drone's frame is made of lightweight, composite

materials Lo reduce weight and increase maneuverability. Drones require a controller,

which is used to- launch, navigate and land the aircraft, known as a remote controller

[4). The controller communicates with the drone using radio waves, such as Wi-Fi.

Drones can travel at high altitudes. The most important parts of a drone are the

operating system and the flight controller [5].

Batteries power the rotors which in turn spin the propellers and generate lift. Flight

controller use accelerometers, barometers, magnetometers, gyroscopes, and data

collected by controllers to stay in the air. Some other important .features that

enhances drone performance includes GPS, obstacle detection and collision

avoidance, cameras, and software. A drone has an infrared camera, landing gear,

rotor, connectivity, motor, accelerometer, and altimeter. Simply put a drone is like a

flying robot. Airplanes are usually contorted by a dedicated remote unit and they can

manage everything in the air thanks to an inte11igent software program [6]. It has

many onboard working sensors like GPS etc. Which help in controlling the correct

flight mode.

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Parts of the Drones

Drones have many parts; a drone consists of 10 parts. Below are the parts of the dro.ne.
1. Quad-copter frame

It is a structure (frame) into which all other drone parts fit.

2. Motor

M0tors are essential in making drones as they generate the force to rotate the propellers and

propel the drone

3. Electronic Speed Controller (ESC)

It is an electronic control board that varies the speed of the motor. It also works as a

dynamic brake.

4. Flight Control

Flight control creates a log of the takeoff location that guides the drone and thereby the

need to return to the takeoff location. This has become known as the 'back home' feature.

5. Propeller

Drones can fly with the help of propellers; propellers are designed to create a difference in

air pressure.

6. Radio transmitter

It is used as a channelized transmitter and communicator with drones.

7. Battery, electronics, and power distribution cables

This battery acts as the power source for the drone. It supplies power to all electronics through

power distribution cables.

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8. Camera

For video footage, a camera is attached to the drone and used to shoot, save and send video.

9. Landing gear

It is used to land the drone safely. An experienced user can balance the motor speed for a

safe landing in emergencies.

10. First-person Video

The control device interface (transmitter) is more expensive than the screen, giving the user an

interactive 3D viewing expedience. First-person view (FPV) gives an ultimate feeling as if the

user thinks he is flying.

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Types of drones

Fourteenth have types of drones: those types of drones are discussed below.

1. Single-Rotor-Drones
The single-rotor drone type is strong and durable [8]. They resemble rea.1helicoplers in
structures and design. These are the most basic drones. It has a single rotor sometimes called a
tail unit.

Figure:- 2Single-Rotor-Drones

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2. Multi-Rotor Drones
A multi-rotor drone has four rotors. When it comes to commercial drones, however, the
general rule is that the more rotors you have, the less the craft can stay in the air. Multi-rotor
drones are stable, but they can fly for about half an hour. Multi-rotor drones are perfect for
aerial photography and surveillance. [9]

Figure: - 3 Multi-Rotor Drones

3. Fixed-Wing Drones
A fixed-wing drone has a rigid wing that looks like an airplane: fixed-wing drones can be gas-
powered [10] where multi- rotor units cannot stay airborne for long, fixed-wing drone can stay
in the air for up to 16 hours of continuous night. However, fixed-wing drones are unable to
hover the way drones will helicopter-style rotors can.

Figure: - 4 Fixed-Wing Drones

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4. Fixed-Wing Hybrid Drones

Hybrid VTOL drone types combine the advantages of fixed-wing and rotor-based
designs.This drone has rotors attached to fixed wings, allowing the drone to rotate and land
vertically. These drones take inspiration from designs use in aircraft designs from the 1960s
and 1950s [11]. They were not easy to make and the technology was very complex.

Figure: -5 Fixed-Wing Hybrid Drones

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5. Small drones
These drones are generally less expensive; these drones can only be used for recreational
purpose [I 2J. They cannot perform commercial functions, which other drone models
perform.

Figure:- 6 Small Drones·

6. Micro drones
These small drones can entertain the eyes of consumers. The most well-known
example of this type of drone is the Black Hornet, developed for the British military. These
tiny drones measuring l" x 4 inches have been used by the British military in Afghanistan to
inspect walls and other structures since their introduction in 2013.

Figure:- 7 Micro Drones

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7. Tactical drones
Large enough but not too heavy, these drones are often used for large missions and
general combat and are used for surveillance. it measures 4.5 feet and weighs 4.2 pounds.

Figure:- 8 Tactical Drones

8. Reconnaissance drones
These drones ate most widely used by the world's military forces. Heron, designed by
Israeli Aerospace Industries, has produced drones of this nature for military recycling for the
United States, Canada, Turkey, India, Morocco, and Australia. These drones are about 16
feet in length, weigh more than 2200 pounds and hover at 35,000 feet for 52 hours.

Figure:-9 Reconnaissance Drones

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9. Large combat drones
These drones can be used for up to 14 hours and have a range of over 1,000
miles. These drones were used in operations sue h as strikes against Pakistan and
other countries with which the US is not at war. This is one of the drones that one
imagines as a military term.

Figure: -10 Large Combat Drones

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10. Non-Combat Large Drones
These drones can be used for reconnaissance and other tasks but these
drones are not intended for combat. It is used instead of surveillance like scanning
mobi1e phone calls. Just because these drones aren't involved in combat doesn't
mean they aren't expensive. They are more complex than Black Hornet and a.re
used for larger-scalar recon missions.

Figure no. 11 non-combat large drones

1I. Target and decoy drones

One of the important things about military drones is that they can serve
different functions depending on the situation. These drones are used as decoys
and can be used to monitor or strike targets. For example, some target and decoy
drones can conduct their missions by simulating an incoming missile.

Figure:-12 Target and Decoy Drones

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12. GPS drones
These drones work by connecting lo satellites through an OPS hookup. It
allows you to map flights and generate data, which you can use to your advantage.
For example, it might be considered a great drone for mapping large topography.

Figure No- 13 GPS drones

13. Photography drones

These types of drones use automatic flight modes and precision stabilization
to capture images across large areas. Some drones can take Limited pictures and
there are several drones capable of taking pictures for military purposes. But
professional photographers need commercial drones that are designed for
professional photography. 4K camera drones can take high-resolution photos.

Figure No. 14 photography drones

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14. Racing drones
Racing drones have an engine, chances are that people will want to compete
with these drones; it has become one of the popular hobbies now for drones and people.
Drones can travel at speeds up to 60 mph. However because all of their energy is focused on
one objective, they Often don't enjoy the same amount of flight time as their counterparts.

Figure: - 15 Racing Drones

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A BRIEF HISTORY OF DRONES

The first drones are believed to have been introduced 170 year ago, but since then, we have

seen the evolution from drones serving military purposes to commercial products. The

military gets all the credit for the history of military drones since the 1800s. In the form of

balloons, torpedoes, and aerial targets, the military used UAVs for target practice, air strikes,

bomb detection, surveillance, etc. The siege of Vienna in 1849 marked the first time balloons

were used in an organized manner in warfare when 200 balloons were launched from an

Austrian ship to force the Venetians to surrender. Drone an unmanned aerial vehicle. An

aircraft without a pilot on board whose flight is controlled either autonomously by the

vehicle's computer or by remote control by a pilot on the ground. A.M.'s "Aerial Target''

Lowe's in 1916 but the first production was a remotely piloted vehicle in L935 by movie star

Reginald Denny. The United States' UAV program began in 1959 when U.S. pilots began

planning to use unmanned aircraft out of fear of losing their lives. In 1964, highly classified

UAVs were deployed for the Vietnam War. When photos of the destroyed drone were shown

by Wide World Photo We have been using drones since 1964, and as the technology has

improved the way we have used this new technology has improved. The first pilotless

vehicles were developed in Britain’s and the United States during World War I. Britain's

aerial target, a small radio-controlled aircraft, was first tested in March 1-9 l7 w'l1i1.e the

American aerial torpedo known as the Kettering Bug made its first flight in October l9·18: In

l935 the British built several radio-controlled aircraft to be used as targets for training

purposes. The term 'drone' is thought to have come into use around this time, radio-

controlled drones were also developed in the US and used for target Practice and training.

Drones now have many functions, from monitoring climate change to conducting search

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mission after natural disasters. photography, filming, and delivering goods. Use of Drones

the U.S military has significantly increased its use of drones for reconnaissance, surveillance,

and target attack. Drones are mostly used for surveillance in areas and' terrain where soldiers

cannot safely-go. But they are also used as weapons and are credited with killing suspected

militants·. In the modern era, drones have bec9me quite common. More than 100,000 people

in the United States have a drone pilot license. Unmanned aerial vehicles have been used in

various capacities since the 1850s, m king humans famous and reaching the pinnacle of

modernity.

Figure: -16 History of Drones

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Application of Drone Technology

Drones are used in· a variety of applications, initially; drones were used only by the military.

Drones are unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) that make our lives easier than ever. They are used in

situations where human flights are considered difficult and risky. Now it is used by many

professionals and individuals. Drones are •working in many fields and with continuous improvement

in technology; these machines are going to become more powerful and useful in the future. Drones

are w0rking in many fields and with continuous improvement in technology; these machines are

going to be more powerful and useful .in the future.

Drones are a valuable addition to any industrial facility endeavor, enabling unlimited aerial

perspectives. The potential for drones to create real value is endless. Industrial professionals are

increasingly using drones to improve industrial processes. Drones are uniquely suited to capture

aerial data for consistent use in large industrial facilities, enabling rapid and seamless data collection.

Drones are capable of completing· a wide range of applications. Automated drones can be used in oil

and gas facilities for security, surveillance, emergency response, and infrastructure inspections. In

seaports, drones can perform applications such as mapping, surveying, operational surveillance, port

monitoring, and traffic control. Let's discuss the importance of drone technology and the best use of

drones.

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1. Aerial Photography
The most common use of advanced camera-carrying drone units is to capture media
coverage from .remote locations, filming, aerial photography, site surveying, and 3D
imaging. Only large news industries can afford helicopters. But today almost all small
media houses and local journalists are capable of using drones to capture crystal clear air
footage for impressive news coverage. Drones can easily move into tight areas due to their
small size and are also used to record face- to-face interviews.

Figure: - 17 Aerial Photography Drones

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2. Agriculture
Drones are highly .used m the field of agriculture and farming, the greatest achievement

of drone technology as they are now able to serve farmers for many purposes.

Agriculturalists believe that agriculture can benefit from drones in several ways. This sector

is projected to be one of the largest areas of opportunity for commercial drones. Farmers

can use drones to detect which crops are failing. Drone technology helps farmers save

money and their crops by accurately monitoring and analyzing the performance of irrigation

systems. Farmers can now expect quick updates of all intonation using drones and drones

can help them spray fertilizers, pesticides and water for crops at the right time

Figure: - 17 Agriculture Drone

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3. Search and Rescue
Drones are capable of locating lost/missing persons. Drones are equipped with thermal
sensor so they are able to locate missing persons. They are also capable of operating in
the dark and within challenging terrain. Drones are being successfully used for post-
disaster relief operations, disaster, and natural disaster monitoring, and locating people in
areas affected by fire, flood, or any other natural disaster. As well as emergency
communication networks can be used to assist. With the help of visual informal ion, rescue
workers can quickly track people in distress in real-time. Search and rescue operations
have been suffering for a long ti.me due to a lack of technology but now drones can make
everything possible in minutes.

Figure no.19 search and rescue drones

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4. Shipping and Delivery

Delivery by, drone is one of the fastest growing and most popular applications of

drones. Advanced drone units are capable of carrying heavy payloads. These drones are

used for shipping and delivery applications. It is used for improved security and reliable

delivery of products, enabling people to get their purchased products at their doorsteps on

time. E- commerce giants like Amazon have already invested in Amazon Prime Air, and

drone technology and will launch the service once feasibility issues are resolved. You can

now get your food order delivered to your place within minutes through it. These drones

can deliver goods to your doorstep, with varioe1s companies experimenting with launching

services that don't even require you to leave your home.

Figure:- .20 Shipping and Delivery Drones

5. Science and Research

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One of the essential features of drones is their maneuverability. They may look small in size but

have impressive capabilities. Compared to traditional aircraft, drones have reduced environmental

impact and provide extremely quiet operation. Drones are deployed in various sciences and research

applications such as methane leak detection, pipeline installation monitoring, geophysical survey,

archaeological and meteorological research, glacier monitoring, iceberg monitoring, plant species

identification, forest management, and more. Space is no longer a problem for drones and hence they

can travel to inaccessible places.

Figure:- .21 Science And Research Drones

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6. Drones and Engineering Application

Most Engineering firms are using drone technology these days engineering firms can make

good use of drones. Drones are needed to monitor their in-depth projects such as

transmission, oil pipelines and maintenance inspections. Also engineering firms are involved

in several commercial projects. Drones can help engineers in complex operations like airport

planning, road construction planning, etc. to increase efficiency manifold.

Figure:- .22 Engineering Application Drones

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7. Military Drone Technology

Perhaps the oldest, most controversial and well-known use of drones is in the military. The use of
drones became the primary use in the military world. The British and U.S militaries began using very
early forms of drones in the early 1940s to spy on the Axis powers. Drones are used as targets for
combat missions, Research and development, and surveillance, drones have become part of militaries
worldwide. Today’s drones are far more advanced than the UAVs of the past, equipped with
thermal imaging, laser range finders and even air strike equipment. Unmanned aerial vehicles
are applied in various military operations to reduce causalities and enable mission execution.

Figure:- .23 Military Drones

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CONCLUSION

The importance of drone technology is quite clear from the above discussion. Drones have

found many applications in various sectors. They have become increasingly popular clue to their

compact size and extensive capabilities. With more weight capacity, powerful and advanced technology,

longer fight duration, and maneuverability, drones could be much more effective in the future than they

are now. From agriculture and construction to public safety, security, waste management. Etc. drone

have huge scope. Therefore governments and businesses should build the necessary

infrastructure and use drones with advanced capabilities to improve businesses.

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Rough Terrain Beetle Robot

Spy robots are not good for spying on rough terrains due to their wheeled

mechanisms. Robots and drones get stuck due to their inability to work on

rough terrains. Here we propose a rough terrain beetle robot that can

navigate with easy through jungles, hilly and rocky areas with ease. Its small

size allows it to get go through rough terrains like a small animal crawling

through the jungle with very little noise. The robot uses a crawling

mechanism to achieve this task. The robot uses a microcontroller based circuit

to control the motors and achieve desired movement. The robotic vehicle uses

specialized climbers to climb and descend on hilly terrains. The climbers also

allow it to crawl easily through bushes and grass. Also it allows the robot to

cross rocky paths and obstacles. The robot is remotely controlled by a joystick

remote. This allows the user to remotely control the directional movement as

well as speed and power of the robot. The joystick uses rf to transmit the

commands to the robot remotely. The robot circuit consists of microcontroller

based circuit that receives commands from the user and then instructs the

motors through driver IC to achieve desired movement. Thus we here put

forward a rough terrain small size beetle robot.

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Block Diagram :

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Hardware Specifications

 Atmega 328 Microcontroller

 Beetle Bot Body
 Beetle Legs
 9V Battery
 Diode
 Encoder
 RF Module Transmitter
 Joystick
 Push Buttons
 Antenna
 Motor
 Decoder
 RF Module Receiver
 Capacitors
 Resistors
 Diodes
Software Specifications

 Arduino Compiler
 MC Programming Language: C

Reference

 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?arnumber=4559359&queryText=robot
%20terrain&newsearch=true

 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?arnumber=1570536&queryText=robot
%20terrain&newsearch=true

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Tricopter Selfie Drone

We have entered a digital age where taking better selfies means a lot to individuals.
But taking selfies is either limited to length of ones arm or an extended selfie stick.
Well we unlock this limitation with our innovative selfie drone. The drone consists
of a wireless camera that allows user to click his/her selfie from a whole wide
variety of angles including from top from far away, far to closeup zooming videos,
family selfies, group selfies, group videos and a lot more.

So to make this system we start with a drone frame. The frame isa tri sided one so
that we can attach 3 arms to the frame. Each arm is fitted with a BLDC high torque
motor and a propeller. These motors are now connected to the controller through
esc’s.

We now use a controller to controller the motor with commands received through
an integrated receiver antenna. The controller receives commands and operates the
rotors to achieve the required flight. We here attach a camera that can be operated
wirelessy through android phone. The camera footage can be monitored by user
and user can also click photos as well as videos through the dron camera using
his/her android phone. Thus the project allows for a fully automated remote
controlled selfie drone tricopter.

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Components
 Drone Motors
 Propellers
 Drone Frame
 Camera Mount
 Wireless Camera
 Brushless Motors
 Drone Receiver
 Drone Controller
 Transmitter Remote
 PDB
 Resistors
 Capacitors
 Diodes
 LED’s
 Transistors
 Connectors & Cables
 PCB
 Supporting Frame

Applications
 Individual Selfies
 Group Selfies and Videos
 Wedding Videos
 Corporate Videos
 Stock Videos
 Event Filming
Advantages
 Instant Selfie
 Ariel Angle Selfie
 Live Footage for Review

Advantages
 Limited Flight Time

 Limited Range

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Block Diagram

Front View

Side View

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3D View

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Fire Fighter Robot with Night Vision Camera

 This advanced project Fire Fighter Robotic Vehicle with Night Vision Camera allows a user
to control a fire fighter robot equipped with water tank and gun remotely wirelessly
for extinguishing fires. For this purposes the system uses an Rf remote for remote
operation along with rf receive based microcontroller circuit for operating the
robotic vehicle and water pump. The receiver circuit receives RF signals through RF
based remote transfer users commands.

 The receiver circuit now decodes the data commands sent. It then forwards it to the
microcontroller. Now the microcontroller processes these instructions and then
instructions the vehicle motors to run the vehicle in desired directions. It also
operates the water pump motor and pump direction motor to spray water based on
users commands. This allows the user to operate the robot and put off the fire by
standing at a safe distance. This robot body also has a wireless night vision enabled
camera mounted over it. This night vision camera helps to direct the robot body in
whichever direction as needed.

This is because whatever area that will be captured by this wireless camera can be
viewed in PC for reference. The robot operates within a 8 meter range of the remote.
Thus this system helps to extinguish fire from a safe distance with the help of the
water tank attached to the robot body.

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Block Diagram:

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Hardware Specifications

 8051 series Microcontroller

 Vehicle Body

 Water Tank

 Wireless Camera

 Spray Tube

 Spray Pump

 Push Buttons

 Relay

 Transistor

 Resistors

 Diode

 Encoder IC

 Decoder IC

 DC Motors

 RF Tx-Rx

 Capacitors

Software Specifications

 Keil µVision IDE

 MC Programming Language: Embedded

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RF Communication Module

RF communication works by creating electromagnetic waves at a source and being

able to pick up those electromagnetic waves at a particular destination. These
electromagnetic waves travel through the air at near the speed of light. The
wavelength of an electromagnetic signal is inversely proportional to the frequency;
the higher the frequency, the shorter the wavelength.

Frequency is measured in Hertz (cycles per second) and radio frequencies are
measured in kilohertz (KHz or thousands of cycles per second), megahertz (MHz or
millions of cycles per second) and gigahertz (GHz or billions of cycles per second).
Higher frequencies result in shorter wavelengths. The wavelength for a 900 MHz
device is longer than that of a 2.4 GHz device.

In general, signals with longer wavelengths travel a greater distance and penetrate
through, and around objects better than signals with shorter wavelengths.

RF Module can be categorized into two parts:

 Transmitter
 Receiver

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Student Name:- Bhawana Roll No.:-2245191276
2. RF transmitter
This wireless data is the easiest to use, lowest cost RF link we have ever seen! Use these
components to transmit position data, temperature data, and even current program
register values wirelessly to the receiver. These modules have up to 500 ft range in open
space. The transmitter operates from 2-12V. The higher the Voltage, the greater the range .
We have used these modules extensively and have been very impressed with their ease of
use and direct interface to an MCU. The theory of operation is very simple. What the
transmitter 'sees' on its data pin is what the receiver outputs on its data pin. If you can
configure the UART module on a uC, you have an instant wireless data connection. The
typical range is 500ft for open area.

This is an ASK transmitter module with an output of up to 8mW depending on

power supply voltage. The transmitter is based on SAW resonator and accepts
digital inputs, can operate
from 2 to 12 Volts-DC, and makes building RF enabled products very easy.

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Student Name:- Bhawana Roll No.:-2245191276

Features:

 434 MHz or 315 MHz Transmitter Operation

 500 Ft. Range - Dependent on Transmitter Power Supply
 2400 or 4800bps transfer rate
 Low cost
 Extremely small and light weight

RF receiver

This receiver type is good for data rates up to 4800bps and will
only work with the 434MHz o 315 MHz transmitter. Multiple
434MHz or 315MHz receivers can listen to one 434MHz
transmitter or 315 MHz transmitter. This wireless data is the
easiest to use, lowest cost RF link we have ever seen! Use these
components to transmit position data, temperature data, and
even current program register values wirelessly to the receiver.
These modules have up to 500 ft range in open space. The
receiver is operated
at 5V. We have used these modules extensively and have been very impressed with
their ease of use and direct interface to an MCU. The theory of operation is very
simple. What the transmitter 'sees' on its data pin is what the receiver outputs on
its data pin. If you can configure the UART module on a uC, you have an instant.

Design & Printed by Shiv Computers | 44

Student Name:- Bhawana Roll No.:-2245191276

Bibliography:-
1- http//www.wikipedia.org
2- http//www.Google.com
3- http//www.robotic.org
4- http//www.dorne.org

Newspaper:-
1- Danik Jagran
2- Amar Ujala
3- Hindustan

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