5

CHAPTER 3
Studying local and international observatories and museums
Before proposing a design for an observatory museum, studies have been
conducted on museums with similar conditions and characteristics. Analyzing
successful aspects of existing museums can greatly assist in the design of the new
observatory museum.

3.1. Study of the Observatory Museum (Nay Pyi Taw)

3.1.1. Study of the Observatory Museum (Nay Pyi Taw)

 Location: Within the Nay Pyi Taw Zoological Garden

 Completion Date: From November 9, 2008, to March 20, 2009 (The
construction took place over a period of four months.)
 Area: 4.5 acres
 Architect: The project was completed by Architect47 and included domestic
experts, skilled workers, and specialists in planetarium construction from the
United States, France, and Japan.
 Type of Building: Modern
 Construction System: Reinforced Concrete (RC) Structure, RC G Roofing, GI
Sheet Roofing
 6

 Planetarium Dome: The dome has a diameter of 18 meters (60 feet) and a
height of 30 meters (98 feet). It is equipped with an aluminum dome and
includes 249 aluminum panels with ventilation openings.
 Materials: Reinforced Concrete (RC), Aluminum Composite Panels, Stainless
Steel, PC Sunshades
 Audio System: The planetarium uses the NEXO 5.1CH HD Audio System.
Wooden panels are used for the acoustic wall designs.
 Structure: The building has two levels, with a basement and a ground floor
divided by different elevation levels.
 Transportation: The site is accessible by rental cars, private cars, and
motorcycles.
 History: The observatory museum in Nay Pyi Taw was designed to be a
modern and beautiful facility, in line with the city's metropolitan
characteristics. To gain experience and support in the design phase, visits were
made to planetariums in Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, and Indonesia, where
meetings and consultations with experts were held. For the exhibition
equipment, state-of-the-art and modern systems were imported in a timely
manner from France, with installation led by T&S Installation Co., Ltd. from
France, involving foreign engineers.
 Environment: Located within the Nay Pyi Taw Zoological Garden, the
museum is surrounded by lush, green trees, creating a serene environment. Its
location on the old Yangon-Mandalay road makes it convenient for visitors to
access.

3.1.1. Organization Set-Up

Curator

Deputy Curator

Landscape Specialists M&E Engineer Assistant

 7

3.1.2. Functional Diagram

Toilet
Public
Planetarium
Entrance Lobby
Control
Exhibition
Machine
Office
Room

3.1.3. Zoning Diagram

Service
Zone
Admin
Zone
Public
Zone

Table 3.1.1. Functional Accommodation

Accommodatio
No Quantity Capacity (sq-ft) Area (sq-ft)
n
I. Public Zone
1 Planetarium 1 163@27 4,500
2 Exhibition 1 3,630
3 Lobby 1 1830
4 Ticket Box 1 75
5 Gift Shop 1 200
6 Toilets 2 745
Sub- Total 13410

II. Administration
Zone
7 Staff Office 1 350
 8

Manager’s
8 1 250
Room
9 File Room 1 90
Sub-Total 690
10 Control Room 1 360
Production
11 1 300
Room
12 Machine Room 1 80
Air- condition
13 1 700
Room
14 Storage 1 300
15 Kitchen 1 227
Sub-Total 1967
IV. Rest Area
16 Cafeteria 1 2430
V. Circulation 985
Total Floor
17,052
Area

3.1.4. Area Utilization Percentage & Chart

Circula-
tion Area

Rest Area
Public Zone
Admin Zone
Service Zone
Rest Area
Circulation Area
Service
Zone
Public
Admin Zone
Zone

Public Zone = 68.8% Rest Area =5.1%

Administration Zone = 3.5% Circulation Area = 19.8%
 9

Service Zone = 10.1%

3.1.2. Floor Plan Cafeteria and Shop

1. Outdoor Terrace
2. Cafeteria
3. Gift Shop
4. Toilet
5. Kitchen

3.1.3. Layout Plan of Cafeteria and Service Zone

6. Exhibition Area
7. Manager Room
8. File Room
9. Staff office
10. Ticket Booth
 10

3.1.4. Layout Plan of Cafeteria and Service Zone

11. Control Room
12. Production Room
13. Service Room
14. Storage

3.1.5. Exhibition Hall

 11

3.1.6. Planetarium

3.1.7. Exhibition Hallway

3.1.8. Nay Pyi Taw Planetarium Model

 12

3.1.9. Space Suit

3.1.10. Asteroid

3.1.11. Recycle Bin

 13

3.1.5. Functional Study

Within the building, the Dome is part of the Outdoor Main Lobby. From there,
the Exhibition Hall, Planetarium, and VIP Rooms are connected via walkways and
entrances. The ticket sales counter is located at the entrance to the Exhibition Hall,
with a corridor connecting to the Planetarium. Offices and the Control Room are
situated behind the Planetarium. The Basement houses the Air- Conditioning Room
and a Machine Room with some machinery. Lighting and Ventilation: Artificial
lighting and ventilation are used throughout the exhibition rooms, while natural light
is utilized in the Office Main Lobby. The circulation path from the Entrance Porch
leads to a separate route to the Planetarium Lobby on the left, while another path on
the right provides access to the educational exhibition areas and the Planetarium. The
Exhibition Hall has a dedicated cafeteria on the right side.

3.1.12. Control Room

3.1.13. Machine Room

3.1.6. Aesthetic Study

 14

The building features a modern form combining rectangles, circles, and

curves. The facade of the building includes a water fountain and lush greenery,
creating a green space through landscape design. The Entrance Porch Dome is
constructed with a steel frame, while the Planetarium Dome is designed with
aluminum composite materials, giving it an expression related to astronomy. The
corridors and exhibition pathways are designed with curved arches that enhance the
connection to the theme of the planetarium. The color scheme includes a metallic
silver tone paired with white.

3.1.7. Material Study

At the Planetarium (Nay Pyi Taw), state-of-the-art exhibition equipment was
imported in a timely manner from abroad. The installation was led by T & S
Installation Co., Ltd. from France, with a team of 20 foreign engineers handling the
setup.
Equipment Used:
 Dome Screen: The perforated 18-meter dome screen was produced by SPITZ
Inc. in the United States. The dome has a diameter of 18 meters (60 feet) and a
height of 9 meters (30 feet), with ventilation openings included. A total of 249
aluminum panels were installed.
 Seating: The planetarium uses DEKO Erasmus sofas, which were imported
directly by air from Italy. The seats are arranged at 45°, 30°, and 15° angles.

3.1.14. Section of Nay Pyi Taw Planetarium

 15

3.1.15. Section of Nay Pyi Taw Planetarium

3.1.8. Technical Study

 Digital Projector: A CHRISTIE brand DLP video projector, manufactured in
Norway, is used for full dome digital projection. The system includes six
projectors for controlled and comprehensive projection.
 Audio System: The planetarium is equipped with a high-end NEXO 5.1 CH
HD Audio System, featuring advanced surround sound technology from
France.
 Lighting System:The lighting is controlled by a central management system,
and the system utilizes lighting equipment from France

.
3.1.16. Star Ball Projector
 16

3.1.9. Study and Evaluation

 Interior Decoration and Seating: As part of the interior landscape, a 30-foot
high rock mountain water fountain has been installed. The main planetarium
(Planetarium) can accommodate approximately 163 people at once. The
seating is arranged in a fan shape and is positioned at angles of 45°, 30°, and
15° to ensure comfortable viewing.
 Educational Exhibition: The educational exhibition area features pathways
designed with intriguing patterns, making the exhibits engaging. The displays
include images, space suits, and interactive exhibits such as astronomical
grids. The floor is decorated with celestial elements such as planets, moons,
suns, and galaxies, adding to the visual appeal. A gift shop is also available
on-site.
 Additional Details: There are only a few decorative plants inside the
planetarium. Some areas of the corridor experience weak lighting, which may
affect visibility. Although a telescope is available, there is no dedicated space
for viewing it.

3.2. Study of the Planetarium (Yangon)

3.2.1. Yangon Planetarium

 Location: Public Grounds Completion Date: March 13, 1987

 Area: 3.407 acres
 Architects: Nihon Architects, Engineers and Consultants, Inc. Type of
Building: Modern
 17

 Construction System: Reinforced Concrete (RC) Structure, RC Roofing

Materials: Concrete, Steel, Timber
 Transportation: Easily accessible by bus, rental cars, and private vehicles.

3.2.1. History
The planetarium building was originally constructed as a Youth Training
Center under the Department of Sports and Physical Education. This project was
undertaken as part of the Japan- Myanmar collaborative initiative (GICA), with the
construction provided by Japan. The project was divided into two phases:
 Phase 1: Managed and constructed by the Japanese government through the
Hagemara Corporation.
 Phase 2: Funded and constructed based on a design provided by the
Department of Sports and Physical Education.

3.2.2. Organization Set- Up

Curator

Deputy

Accountant Security 2.Assistant

3.2.3. Zoning Diagram

Service
Zone
Admin
Zone
Public
Zone
 18

3.2.4. Functional Diagram

Toilet
VIP Room
VIP Entrance
Planetarium
Lobby
Entrance Planetarium
Exhibition
Machine
Office
Room

Table 3.2.1. Functional Accommodation

Accommodatio
No Quantity Capacity (sq-ft) Area (sq-ft)
n
I. Public Zone
1 Planetarium 1 [email protected] 5751.7
2 Exhibition 1 1698.26
3 Lobby 1 600
4 Toilets 2 35 70
5 Ticket Counter 1 72
Sub- Total 8191.9

II. Administration
Zone
7 Staff Office 1 430.6
Manager’s
8 1 110
Room
9 VIP Room 1 760
Sub-Total 1300.6
III Service Zone
10 Control Room 1 130.6
12 Machine Room 1 796
Sub-Total 1609
IV Circulation 1383.8
 19

Area
Total Floor
12485.3
Area

3.2.2. Yangon Planetarium Plan

1. Lobby 5. Machine Room
2. Corridor 6. VIP Room
3. Control Room 7. Toilets
4. Office

3.2.3. Constellation Box

 20

3.2.4. Control Room

3.2.5. Entrance

3.2.6. Waiting Lounge

 21

3.2.5. Area Utilization Percentage & Chart

Circulation Area

Service
Zone

Public Zone
Admin Zone
Service Zone

Circulation Area
Admin
Zone
Public
Zone

Public Zone = 65.6%

Administration Zone = 10.4%
Service Zone = 12.9%
Circulation Area = 11.1%

3.2.6. Functional Study

Lighting and Ventilation: The exhibition hall is connected to the corridor and
uses artificial lighting and ventilation only. Throughout the corridor, circular openings
are cut into the ceiling to allow for lighting. In the Office and Main Lobby areas, only
natural light is used. Concrete block screens with a circular pattern have been installed
to ensure good air circulation and ventilation.

3.2.7. Aesthetic Study

Planetarium Design and Building Expression: The planetarium is elevated and
designed with a circular shape, creating a distinct building expression. The use of
concrete blocks ensures that natural light is effectively utilized, making the building's
presence prominent. The circular-shaped planetarium is centrally located, while other
rooms are arranged in a curved plan, maintaining a connection to the planetarium. The
color scheme predominantly uses a single color, reflecting a modern design.
 22

3.2.8. Study and Evaluation

The Yangon Planetarium, designed with a galaxy-inspired form, presents a
modern and aesthetically pleasing appearance, fully reflecting its design expression.
Natural light is effectively utilized throughout the building via ventilation openings.
The surrounding environment is enriched with numerous shade trees, providing
visitors with a refreshing and serene experience. However, there are no gift shops
available. In terms of landscaping, there is a lack of ornamental flower planting. The
exhibition halls are in need of cleaning and renovation.

3.3 Study of Alder Planetarium and Astronomical Museum

3.3.1. Adler Planetarium’s Entrance

 Location: 1300s, Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL Completion Date: May 20,
1930
 Area: 8 acres
 Architect: Ernest Grunsfeld, Jr.
 Type of Building: Two-storeyed single building
 Construction System: Reinforced Concrete (RC) structure, Glass roofing, and
RC roofing Material: RC, steel, glass
 23

3.3.1. History
The Adler Planetarium, located in Chicago, Illinois, is a landmark institution
dedicated to the exploration of astronomy and astrophysics. Here's a brief history of
the Adler Planetarium:
 Founding and Early Years (1930s-1940s): The Adler Planetarium was founded
in 1930 by Chicago businessman and philanthropist Max Adler. It was the first
planetarium in the United States and the second in the world, following the
opening of the Zeiss Planetarium in Jena, Germany, in 1926. The planetarium
was built to serve as a center for public education about astronomy and to
promote the scientific study of the cosmos. It was designed by the architectural
firm of Schmidt, Garden, and Martin in the Art Deco style.
 Expansion and Growth (1950s-1960s): Throughout the 1950s and 1960s, the
Adler Planetarium continued to grow its educational programs and expand its
facilities. The addition of new exhibits and advancements in planetarium
technology helped establish it as a leading center for astronomy education.
 In 1954, the Adler introduced the "Star Rider" projector, which was a
significant advancement in planetarium projection technology.
 Modernization and Technological Advances (1970s-1990s): The 1970s and
1980s saw further modernization efforts, including the installation of more
advanced projection systems and the development of new exhibit spaces. This
period also marked a shift towards incorporating computer technology and
interactive displays.
 In 1990, the Adler Planetarium underwent a major renovation, which included
the addition of new galleries and improved facilities for visitors.
 Recent Developments (2000s-Present): The early 2000s saw the opening of
several new exhibits and the introduction of cutting-edge digital projection
systems. The Adler's advanced " Star Rider " and "Space Visualization
Laboratory" provide visitors with immersive experiences of the universe.
The planetarium continues to focus on engaging the public with a variety of
educational programs, including live shows, hands-on exhibits, and outreach
initiatives. It also plays a role in scientific research and public policy related to space
and astronomy.
 24

Overall, the Adler Planetarium has a rich history of pioneering advancements in

astronomical education and outreach. It remains a prominent institution for those
interested in learning about the universe and the science behind it.

Table 3.3.1. Functional Accommodation

Accommodatio
No Quantity Capacity (sq-ft) Area (sq-ft)
n
I. Public Zone
1 Sky Theater 1 199@15 2,985
2 Exhibition 1 55,000
Star
3 1 239@15 3,585
Rider Theater
4 Rainbow Lobby 1 1,400
5 North Terrace 1 899
6 South Terrace 1 3,600
Dome
7 1 2,500
Observatory
8 Public Toilet 1800
9 Sky Pavillion 1 40,000
Sub- Total 111,769
II. Administration
Zone
10 Office 1 1258
III. Rest Area
11 Galileo's Café 1 5,130
12 Gift Shop 1 1,220
Education and
IV.
Research Zone
13 Classroom 1 600
Community
14 1,300
Design Lab
Sub-Total 1900
Circulation and
V. 1 11,058
Others
Total Floor
132,335
Area
 25

3.3.2. Area Utilization Percentage & Chart

Educa-
tionCirculation
& Area
Re-
search
Zone

Admin
Zone
Public Zone
Admin Zone
Education & Research Zone

Circulation Area

Public
Zone

Public Zone = 87.6% , Education & Research Zone = 12.9%

Administration Zone = 1%
Circulation Area = 8.8%

3.3.2. Ground Floor Plan of Adler Planetarium

Exhibition
(Upper Level) - Our Solar System, The Milky Way Galaxy, The Sun
(Mid Level) - Class Room, Board Room
(Lower Level) - Cyber pace, From the night sky to the Big Bang, Atwood Sphere
Temporary Exhibition, Bringing the heaven to earth, Universe in your hand
 26

3.3.3. First Floor Plan of Adler Planetarium

Mid And Upper Floor

1. Rainbow Lobby 7. Community Design Lab

2. Mission Moon 8. Historic Atwood Sphere

3. Our Solar System 9. Star Theater

4. Planet Explorers 10. The Universe

5. Shop 11. Space Visualization Laboratory

6. Astronomy in Culture 12. Telescope

3.3.4. Cafeteria
 27

3.3.5. Bird Eye View

3.3.6. Exhibition Hall

3.3.7. Main Lobby

3.3.3. Zoning Diagram
 28

Service
Zone
Admin
Zone
Public
Zone

3.3.4. Functional Diagram

Toilet
Cafe
Sky Theatre
Lobby
Entrance Star Theatre
Exhibition
Class Room Observatory

3.3.5. Functional Study

 Design Features: The planetarium's design incorporates glass roofs to facilitate

natural lighting, enhancing the overall visitor experience.
 Visitor Experience:
 Capacity: Accommodates a large number of visitors annually, reflecting its
role as a major educational and cultural attraction.
 Expansion: The 2002 expansion increased the facility’s capacity and
capabilities, allowing it to handle a higher volume of visitors and offer
enhanced experiences.
 Exhibits: Includes various exhibits related to astronomy and space science,
contributing to its educational mission.
 Lighting and Ventilation:
 Lighting: Glass roofs are used to maximize natural light within the
planetarium. This design choice helps create a bright and inviting environment
for visitors.
 Ventilation: The use of glass roofs also supports natural ventilation,
contributing to a comfortable indoor climate.
 29

 Educational and Scientific Function:

 Astronomical Displays: Provides immersive experiences through advanced
projection systems, showcasing celestial phenomena and educational content.
 Research and Outreach: Hosts educational programs and outreach activities
aimed at increasing public understanding of astronomy and space science.
 Maintenance and Upgrades:
 Renovations: Regular updates and maintenance are essential to preserve the
planetarium's functionality and appearance. The 2002 expansion was a
significant upgrade that modernized the facility.
 Public Engagement:
 Visitor Services: Offers various services and amenities to enhance the visitor
experience, including guided tours, interactive exhibits, and educational
workshops.
 Community Impact: Acts as a key educational resource and cultural venue in
Chicago, contributing to community engagement and scientific literacy.

3.3.6. Study and Evaluation

The Alder Planetarium's design effectively combines functional excellence

with aesthetic appeal. The wide entrance and well-integrated landscape create an
approachable environment, while the diverse range of exhibition halls and theaters
ensures a comprehensive educational experience. The planetarium stands out as a
successful example of blending architectural design with educational and cultural
objectives, offering both a visually striking and highly functional space.

Technical Study
T-Projection Equipment: The Alder Planetarium originally featured a
mechanical star projector, which used lenses and mirrors to project images of stars
and celestial objects onto the dome. Technology: The projection system was a
significant advancement for its time, providing a more realistic and immersive
experience compared to earlier planetarium technologies.
Acoustic Design:
Sound Management: The acoustic design of the Alder Planetarium ensures that sound
quality is optimal for both educational and entertainment purposes. The building's
 30

shape and materials are selected to manage sound reflections and enhance audio
clarity.
Sound Systems: The planetarium is equipped with a sound system designed to
complement the visual projections and provide an immersive experience for the
audience.
HVAC System: The HVAC system is designed to regulate temperature and humidity
within the planetarium. This is crucial for maintaining the performance of the
projection equipment and ensuring visitor comfort.
Energy Efficiency: The HVAC system incorporates early energy-efficient
technologies, though modern upgrades have been made to enhance performance and
reduce energy consumption.

3.4. Study of Rose Center for Earth and Space (Hayden Planetarium)

3.4.1. Entrance of Rose Center For Earth and Space

 Location: 79th Street Central Park West, New York, United States Completion
Date: February 19, 2000
 Area: 2.85 acres
 Architects: James Stewart Polshek, Polshek & Partners Type of Building:
Single-storeyed building Construction System: Glass and steel
 Material: Glass, Steel
 Aesthetics: The building features a prominent modern form with a glass cube
and a large sphere inside it, which defines its architectural expression.

3.4.1. Background History
 31

 Planning and Design: The Rose Center was conceived as a way to enhance the
AMNH's offerings in astrophysics and Earth sciences. The design of the center
was the result of a collaboration between the museum and architectural firm
Polshek Partnership (now Ennead Architects). The planning phase began in
the early 1990s.
 Funding: The project received substantial funding from philanthropists,
including a significant donation from the Rose family, which is why the center
is named in their honor.
 Construction: The Rose Center broke ground in 1999, and construction was
completed in 2002. Its striking design features a glass cube that houses the
Hayden Planetarium, which is a central part of the center.

Table 3.4.1. Functional Accommodation

Accommodatio
No Quantity Capacity (sq-ft) Area (sq-ft)
n
I. Public Zone
Hall of the
1 1 50,000
Universe
Planetarium
2 1 800
Shop
3 Cosmic Shop 1 600
Big Bang
4 1 1,643
Theater
Cosmic
5 40,750
Pathway
Space Theater
6 (Hayden 1 429@14 5,877
Planetarium)
Black Hole
7 1 3,200
Theater
8 Rose Gallary 1 35,000
Hall of the
9 1 48,000
Planet Earth
10 Rose Terrace 1 47,114
II Admin Zone
11 Office 1 1358
Education and
III 1
Research Zone
12 Rose Center 1 2,400
 32

Classroom
Circulation and
IV. 1 62,274
Others
Total Floor
1 333,500
Area

3.4.2. Area Utilization Percentage & Chart

Circula-
tion Area
Educa-
tion &
Research
Admin
Zone
Zone
Public Zone
Admin Zone
Education & Research Zone

Circulation Area

Public
Zone

Public Zone = 80.2%, Education & Research Zone = 0.7%

Administration Zone = 0.4%, Circulation Area = 18.7%

3.3.3. Zoning Diagram

Service
Zone
Admin
Zone
Public
Zone

3.4.4. Functional Diagram

 33

Toilet
Blackhole
Theatre
Space
Theatre
Hall of the
Universe
Cosmic
Entrance Pathway
Hall of
Planet Earth Rose Center
Big Bang
Clssroom

3.4.2. Ground Floor Plan of Rose Center

3.4.3. First Floor Plan of Rose Center

 34

3.4.4. Night View of Rose Center

3.4.5. Lobby of Rose Center

3.4.6. Space Section

3.4.5. Study and Evaluation
 35

The Rose Center, housed within a glass cube, provides a clear understanding
of both its exterior expression and the interior exhibits. It showcases the wonders of
the universe in an impressive manner. During the day, the glass cube allows natural
light to enter. At night, the building’s lighting is well-designed to make it stand out.
The exhibits are advanced and effectively convey the intended knowledge. Gift shops
are also available for visitors. Although the exhibits are good, they lack completeness.
There are no telescopes provided for stargazing at night. Additionally, there are some
needs in terms of landscaping.

3.4.6. Aesthetic Study

 Gl. Glass Cube: Modern Aesthetic: The Rose Center is defined by its
prominent glass cube, which creates a striking visual impact. This cube serves
as a modernist statement, emphasizing transparency and openness.Light and
Space: The extensive use of glass allows natural light to flood the interior,
enhancing the sense of space and creating a visually engaging environment.
The reflective quality of the glass also interacts dynamically with the
surrounding urban landscape.
 Central Sphere: Symbolism: At the heart of the glass cube is a large sphere,
symbolizing the Earth and celestial bodies. This sphere is a central visual
element, representing the focus on space and astronomy. Visual Contrast: The
sphere’s smooth, spherical shape contrasts with the sharp lines of the glass
cube, creating a visually compelling contrast. This design choice emphasizes
the importance of the sphere as the focal point of the building.
 Modernist Expression: Architectural Language: The Rose Center’s design
embodies modernist principles, including simplicity, transparency, and
functionality. The clean lines and minimalist forms reflect a contemporary
architectural language.
 Cultural Significance: The building’s modernist aesthetic aligns with its role as
a cutting-edge facility for science and education, reinforcing its identity as a
place for exploration and discovery.

3.4.7. Material Study

 36

Glass and Steel: Material Aesthetics: The combination of glass and steel in the
building’s construction contributes to its sleek, modern appearance. The glass cube
creates a sense of lightness and transparency, while the steel structure provides the
necessary support and structural integrity. Architectural Expression: The materials
used enhance the building’s modernist aesthetic and reflect contemporary
architectural trends, focusing on minimalism and clarity.

3.4.8. Lighting and Ventilation

 Natural Light: Daylight Integration: The glass cube design allows for abundant
natural light, which improves the overall ambiance of the space. The
integration of daylight helps reduce the need for artificial lighting during the
day and enhances the visitors’ experience.
 Visual Effects: The interplay of natural light with the building’s glass façade
creates dynamic visual effects, including reflections and shadows, adding to
the aesthetic appeal.
 Ventilation: Design Efficiency: The glass cube design also facilitates effective
ventilation. The transparency of the glass allows for natural air flow,
contributing to a comfortable and healthy indoor environment.
 Aesthetic Function: The design of ventilation openings and glass panels is
integrated seamlessly into the building’s aesthetic, maintaining a cohesive and
unobtrusive appearance.

3.4.9. Technical Study

 Technology: The central sphere houses a state-of-the-art digital projection
system. This system provides immersive, high-resolution projections for
educational and entertainment purposes. Control Systems: Advanced control
systems are used to manage the projection technology, allowing for precise
and dynamic visual presentations.
 Acoustic Design:Sound Management: The acoustic design ensures optimal
sound quality within the central sphere and other spaces. This involves
specialized acoustic treatments and soundproofing measures to enhance the
auditory experience.
 Speakers and Audio Systems: High-quality audio systems are installed to
provide clear and immersive sound for the planetarium’s presentations.
 37

Table 3.5. Comparative Study and Evaluation of Planetariums Both Local and
Abroad

Case Case
Comparative Analysis Case Study Case Study Study Study
(Local and Foreign) (Local 1) (Local 2) (Foreign (Foreign
1) 2)
Adequate Space for
2 2 3 3
Parking Area

Constructed in a place
where the beauty of the
1 1 3 3
surroundings can be better
appreciated

Receiving Natural
Lighting in Areas Within
2 3 2 3
the Building that Require
Illumination

Ample Natural Lighting

and Good Artificial 3 1 3 2
Lighting in the Exhibition

Compatibility between
Planetarium Dome Size 2 1 2 3
and Seating Capacity

Provision of Green Spaces 3 2 2 2

Prominent Building
3 3 1 1
Expression

Provision of Adequate
2 1 3 3
Recreation Area