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Chemical Bonding

Chemical bonding lesson

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14 views29 pages

Chemical Bonding

Chemical bonding lesson

Uploaded by

taluamailajoie
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chemical Bonding

What causes the particles of matter to


link together?
What causes the particles of matter to
link together?

Atoms or ions combine to form


molecules or compounds. The force of
attraction that hold these particles
together are called CHEMICAL BONDS.
Valence Electrons
Electrons in the outermost shell of an atom.
Octet Rule
Refers to the tendency of atoms to prefer to have
eight electrons in the valence (outermost) shell.

Atomds with more or less 8 valence electrons


participate in chemical bonds to attain the octet.

The rule only applies to s and p electrons


Octet Rule
Octet Rule
Metals Nonmetals
Elements that hold onto their Elements that have very loose,
electrons very tightly. and freely-flowing electrons.
Electronegativity
The relative ability of an atom to attract electrons to itself.

Increases as you move from left to right across a period


and decreases as you move down a group.

Electron Density
The probable volume or space occupied by electrons
The higher its electronegativity, the more an element attracts electrons.
Remember!

Elements bond by
either TRANSFERRING
or SHARING valence
electrons.
Ionic Bond

It is the complete transfer of


valence electron(s) between
atoms. It occurs between a
metal and a nonmetal to
satisfy the octet rule
Ionic Bond

This is how the ionic bond forms in Potassium Chloride (KCl).


Youtube vid
Take Note!

If a metal loses an electron, it


becomes a positive ion (cation)
and the nonmetal accepts an
electron, becoming a negative
ion (anion).
Covalent Bond

It is the sharing of electrons


between atoms. It occurs between
nonmentals to satisfy the octet
rule.
NonPolar Covalent Bond

It is formed when two identical


nonmetallic atoms bond forming a
nonpolar molecule.
Electrons are equally shared resulting
to a balanced electron density.
Polar Covalent Bond

It is formed when two different nonmetallic


atoms bond forming a nonpolar molecule.
The shared electron is pulled towards
the more electronegative atom which
creates unbalanced electron density
(poles).
Check For Understanding

As an example, fluorine has nine electrons and seven in its


outermost shell. It will need one more electron to fill its octet.
How many electrons would carbon need to fill its octet? How
many would sulfur need? And xenon?

Hint: Take a look at the periodic table if needed.


Practice Time!
Now let’s practice
what we’ve learned!
Let’s Understand The Table
Practice on your seat!

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