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Pathophysiology TB

Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes tuberculosis through inhalation of droplet nuclei into the alveoli of the lungs. Initial infection occurs through phagocytosis by macrophages in the lungs, which then transport the bacteria to the hilar lymph nodes where T-lymphocytes interact. This can lead to the formation of tubercles and potential calcified lesions. Without effective clearance, the infection can spread through the airways, lymphatics, and bloodstream, potentially causing extra-pulmonary infection, military tuberculosis, or death if untreated.

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Jhen Deguzman
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691 views

Pathophysiology TB

Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes tuberculosis through inhalation of droplet nuclei into the alveoli of the lungs. Initial infection occurs through phagocytosis by macrophages in the lungs, which then transport the bacteria to the hilar lymph nodes where T-lymphocytes interact. This can lead to the formation of tubercles and potential calcified lesions. Without effective clearance, the infection can spread through the airways, lymphatics, and bloodstream, potentially causing extra-pulmonary infection, military tuberculosis, or death if untreated.

Uploaded by

Jhen Deguzman
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Etiology: Mycobacterium Tuberculosis

Predisposing Factor: Non-modifiable: advanced age Modifiable: close contact with PTB patient alcoholism immunocompromised pt. receiving corticosteroids BCG Immunization

Inhalation of droplet nuclei Evade most of the protective Mechanism of lungs and enters alveoli Initial infection (primary infection) phagocytosis exudates transport to lymph nodes of the lungs (hilar) t-lymphocytes interact with macrophage Tubercles Cessation

Aggregation of cells liquifies

Calcified lesion (ghon tubercles)

Ineffective airway clearance Drain into tracheobronchial tree Wheezing Narrowing of airway Sputum production
Tubercles develop Erode to bronchus hemoptysis Transported across: Alveolar walls Lymphatic system: blood stream Tuberculosis Bacilliemia Extra-pulmonary infection (military tuberculosis) Death Drain out infected materials situated in the lungs Contain living bacilli Secondary infection Extensive tissue necrosis

Chest pain and DOB

Pulmonary workload Use of accessory muscle FATIGUE

Activity intolerance

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