NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

(Affiliated To Pokhara University)

Dhangadhi-04,Uttar Behadi Kailali
QUESTION COLLECTION : 2023
Level : Bachelor Semester : II_I F.M-100
Program : BE Computer/Civil P.M- 45
Course : Applied Physics Time: 3 hrs.
SET-1

Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable. The figures in
the margin indicate full marks.
Attempt ALL The Questions.

1. a) What do you mean by Torsion Pendulum? How torsion pendulum is used to

determine the modulus of elasticity of material of wire? Explain with
necessary derivations. [1+4]
b) What do you mean by radius of gyration? Deduce an expression for the
time period and radius of gyration for compound pendulum. [1+ 4]

c) A meter stick suspended from one end swings as a physical pendulum.

(i) Calculate the frequency of oscillation (ii) What is the length of a simple
pendulum that will have the same time period? [5]
OR,
a) What do you mean by damped mechanical oscillation? Derive an
expression for the frequency of damped mechanical oscillation and hence
discuss the time-displacement graph. [2+7]
b) A mass 1 kg is attached to a spring of force constant 300 N/m. The damping
constant is 1.5 Ns/m. It is driven by a sinusoidal force of maximum value 8N
and angular frequency 9 rad/sec. Find the resonant frequency and amplitude
of vibration at resonance. [6]
2. a) What is meant by wave motion? What are it's characteristics? Explain how
it transports energy and derive a relation for the average rate at which the
wave transports the energy along the string. [1+2+6]
𝜋𝑥
b) The equation of a stationary wave is given by 𝑦(𝑥, 𝑡) = 12 𝑐𝑜𝑠 . sin 20𝜋𝑡.
5
where x & y are in cm and t is in sec. find amplitude, frequency, wavelength &
velocity of wave. [6]
3. a) What do you mean by building acoustics? How reverberation is different
from echo? Derive Sabine's formula for the reverberation time. [1+2+6]
 b) State Sabine's formula for reverberation time. The size of an empty
assembly of bell has dimensions 20X15X5 cm3 and the reverberation time is
3.5 sec. What area of the wall should be covered by curtain cloth to reduce the
reverberation time by 2.5 sec; if the absorption coefficient of the curtain cloth
is 0.5. Also calculate the average absorption coefficient of the bell. [6]
4. a) Write down the principles of laser action and explain the construction and
working principle of He-Ne laser. Also write the applications of laser. [8]

b) What do you mean by acceptance angle & numerical aperture in optical

fibre. An optical fiber has fractional refractive index change of 0.2 and a
cladding refractive index 1.59. Determine acceptance angle for the fiber in
water, which has refractive index of 1.33. Also evaluate Numerical
Aperture(N.A.). [7]
5. a) How electromagnetic wave is different than mechanical wave? Prove that
the ratio of electric field to the magnetic field is equal to speed of light. [2+7]
b) An inductor of inductance 40mH is placed in series with a resistor of
resistance 3 𝜴 and a charged capacitor of capacitance 4.8 µF. Show that this
current will oscillate and find the frequency of oscillation. What is the interval
of time required for the charge amplitude to drop half of its starting value?
[6]
6. a) Define quantum wave function and mention it's significance. Calculate the
normalized wave function describing the motion of an electron inside in an one
dimensional infinite potential well. [2+7]
2𝜋𝑥
b) An electron moving as a wave has the wave function 𝜓(x)= A Cos ;
𝐿
𝐿 𝐿
− ≤𝑥≤ ; Using normalization condition find the value of constant A
4 4
and normalized wave function. [6]
OR,
a) What are the fundamental components of refrigerator and heat pump? Explain
heat pump refrigeration cycle with brief function of each component.
[2+7]
b) An ideal gas at 17 0C has a pressure 760 mmHg is compressed adiabatically
until its volume is halved. Calculate the pressure and temperature of gas. [6]
7. Write short notes on : (Any two) [ 2 X 5 = 10 ]
a. Charging and discharging of capacitor
b. Gauss's law and dielectrics
c. Time dependent SWE
 SET-2

Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as
practicable. The figures in the margin indicate full marks.

Attempt all the questions.

1. a) Why simple harmonic motion is really rare in actual practice? Derive an
expression for time period of compound pendulum and hence show that point of
suspension and point of oscillation are interchangeable. Also write the conditions
for maximum & minimum time period. [9]
b) A solid sphere of radius 0.3m executes torsional oscillation of time period
2𝜋√12 sec at the end of suspension wire where upper end is fixed in a rigid
support. If the torsional constant of the wire be 6x10-3 Nm/rad, calculate the
mass of the sphere. [6]

OR,
a) What do you mean by damped mechanical oscillation? Derive an expression for
the time period of damped mechanical oscillator and hence discuss the time-
displacement graph for it. Also write the factors affecting damping constant. [9]
b) What value of 'b' should be in the system having mass m= 0.1 kg and force
constant 10 N/m for the maximum amplitude to decay to 90% of it's initial
value in 5 cycles. [6]
2. a) State Kelvin-Planck's statement for second law of thermodynamics. Explain
heat pump refrigeration cycle with brief function of each component. Also
calculate the COP of refrigerator. [9]

b) An ideal engine has an efficiency of 25%. If the source temperature is

increased by 200 0C, it's efficiency gets doubled. Determine it's source and sink
temperature. [6]

OR,

a) State first law of thermodynamics. Apply this law to isothermal, adiabatic and
isochoric process. [5]

b) What do you mean by black body? State and explain Stefan-Boltzmann's law of
black body radiation. Also write any three properties of black body. [5]

c) Assuming that the thermal insulation provided by a woolen glove is equivalent

to a layer of air 3mm thick, determine the heat loss per minute from a man's
 hand, surface area 200 cm2 on a winter's day when the atmospheric air
temperature is -3 0C. The skin temperature is to be taken as 34 0C and thermal
conductivity of air as 24X10-3 W/mK. [5]

3. a) What do you mean by progressive wave? Derive the relation between wave
velocity & particle velocity. Starting from progressive wave equation, 𝑦 =
2𝜋 𝑑2𝑦 1 𝑑2𝑦
𝑎 sin (𝑣𝑡 − 𝑥), how could you obtain its differential form as = . .
𝜆 𝑑𝑥 2 𝑣 2 𝑑𝑡 2
[9]

b) In a sonometer experiment, the resonance length is found to be 0.5 m with

mass 5 kg and vibrates at 100Hz. Find the linear density of the wire. [6]

4. a) Define ultrasonic wave. Discuss the method for production of ultrasound by

Electrostriction method. Also write any three uses of ultrasound in non-
destructive testing. [9]

b) Calculate the reverberation time of conference hall of 1500 m3 having

seating capacity of 120 persons when: (i) the hall is empty and, (ii) with full
capacity of audience for the following data: [6]
2
Surfaces Areas (m ) Absorption Coefficient
Plastered Walls 112 0.03
Wooden Floor 130 0.06
Plastered Ceiling 170 0.04
Wooden Doors 20 0.06
Chairs 120 0.5
Audience 120 0.44
5. a) Write down the principle of laser production. Explain the construction &
working principle of Ruby Laser with necessary energy level diagram. Also write
the applications of LASER. [8]

b) Calculate the refractive indices of the core and cladding materials of a fiber from
following data: Numerical aperture(NA) = 0.22 and Fractional refractive index
change (∆) = 0.012. [7]

6. a) List the four Maxwell's equations. Starting from integral form; derive the
differential forms of Maxwell's equations. Also mention their physical
significance. [9]
2𝜋𝑥
b) An electron moving as a wave has the wave function 𝜓(x)= A Sin ; −𝐿 ≤
𝐿
𝑥 ≤ 𝐿 ; Using normalization condition find the value of constant A and
normalized wave function. [6]
7. Write short notes on: (Any two) [ 2 X 5 = 10]
a) Ruby Laser
b) Time Independent SWE
c) Clausius-Mossotti equation

SET-3

Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable. The figures in
the margin indicate full marks.
Attempt ALL The Questions.

1. a) Why compound pendulum is preferred than simple pendulum. For

compound pendulum, prove that minimum time period is obtained if the point
of suspension and point of oscillations are equidistant from centre of gravity.
[1+8 ]
b) What is amplitude, the wavelength and the velocity of the wave
represented by y= 5 sin(6𝜋t +4x), where distance and time are measured in S.I.
Units. [6]
2. a) Write Kelvin-Planck and Clausius statements of second law of
Thermodynamics. Differentiate Heat pump from heat engine with necessary
block diagram. Derive an expression for COP of a refrigerator and also write its
physical significance. At which condition COP becomes Infinity, Does it realize
in actual practice? Explain. [9]
b) What is amplitude, the wavelength and the velocity of the wave
represented by y= 5 sin(6𝜋t +4x), where distance and time are measured in S.I.
Units. [6]
3. a) State and prove Sabine's Formula of the reverberation time for the best
auditorium design with necessary growth & decay of sound energy graph.
[9]
b) A classroom has dimensions 20X15X5 m3. The reverberation time is 3.5 sec.
Calculate the total absorption of it's surfaces and the average absorption
coefficient. [6]
4. a) State Gauss's law in electrostatics. Find the electric field intensity due to
uniformly charged conducting hollow sphere outside, at the surface, inside and
at the centre of sphere. Discuss about Gauss's law and dielectrics to find the
value of induced charge. [9]
 b) Obtain the charging time constant of a capacitor in a RC circuit such that
current through the resistor is decreased by 50% of its peak value in 10
seconds. [6]
5. a) Write Maxwell's equations in integral and differential form. Using Maxwell's
equation in free space show that speed of electromagnetic wave is equal to
speed of light. [2+7]
b) A circuit has inductance of 10 mH & capacitance of 1𝜇𝐹. How much
resistance must be inserted in the circuit to reduce the (undamped) resonant
frequency by 0.01% ? [6]
6. a) Define quantum wave function and mention it's significance. Derive the
expression for Schrodinger Time Independent wave equation, using time
dependent wave equation. [2+7]
b) An inductor of inductance 40mH is placed in series with a resistor of
resistance 3 𝜴 and a charged capacitor of capacitance 4.8 µF. Show that this
current will oscillate and find the frequency of oscillation. What is the interval
of time required for the charge amplitude to drop half of its starting value? [6]
7. Write short notes on : (Any two) [5+5]
a) Charging & discharging of capacitor.
b) Damped electromagnetic LCR-oscillation.
c) Electromagnetic Wave equations in free space.

SET-4

.
Attempt ALL The Questions.

1. a) Define SHM. Why is really SHM rare? Deduce the expression for the time
period of a compound pendulum and radius of gyration of compound
pendulum. [1+2+6 ]
b) A mass 0.01 kg suspended from a string oscillates freely with a time period
of 1 sec. When it is immersed in oil and allowed to oscillate, the time period
increases by 0.2 sec. calculate the damping constant due to oil medium.
[6]
2. a) State & explain First Law of Thermodynamics. Discuss the application of First
law of Thermodynamics to Isothermal & Adiabatic processes. Also derive an
expression for work done by gas during isothermal change.
[2+3+4 ]
 b) The equation of a transverse wave travelling in a string is given by y= (2.0
mm) sin[(20 m-1)x – (600 sec-1)t]. Find (i) Amplitude, Frequency, wavelength
and velocity of wave. (ii) The maximum transverse speed 'u' of the particle in
the string. [6]
3. a) Define Ultrasound. Discuss the method for production of Ultrasonic wave by
Electrostriction & Magnetostriction method. Write any three uses of
Ultrasound. [1+6+2]
b) The size of an empty assembly of bell has dimensions 20X15X5 m3 and the
reverberation time is 3.5 sec. What area of the wall should be covered by
curtain cloth to reduce the reverberation time to 2.5 sec; if the absorption
coefficient of the curtain cloth is 0.5. Also calculate the average absorption
coefficient of the bell. [6]

4. a) Define polar & non-polar molecules with examples. Discuss the effect of
electric field in polar & non-polar dielectrics. What do you mean by
polarization of dielectrics? Also derive Clausius-Mosotti relation. [ 9 ]
b) A parallel plate capacitor is filled with two dielectrics as in figure:
2∈0 𝐴 𝐾1 𝐾2
Show that the capacitance is given by C =
𝑑
.(
𝐾1 +𝐾2
) [6]

5. a) Write down Maxwell's equation. Starting from integral form; Derive the
differential forms of Maxwell's equations and also mention their physical
significance. [2+7]
b) An electron moving as a wave has the wave function 𝜓(x)= 2 sin2𝜋x. Find
the probability of the electron finding in the region x = 0.25 m to x = 0.5 m.
[6]
6. a) Define quantum wave function and mention it's significance. Derive the
expression for Schrodinger Time Independent wave equation, using time
dependent wave equation. [2+7]
 b) The electronic polarizibility of an Argon atom(Ar) is 1.7x10-40 Fm2. What is
the static dielectric constant of solid Ar if it's density is 1.8 g/cc? (Given; NA=
6.023x1023 mol-1, and atomic mass of Ar=39.95 g/mol) [6]

7. Write short notes on : (Any two) [5+5]

a) Charging & discharging of capacitor.
b) Damped electromagnetic LCR-oscillation.
c) Electromagnetic Wave equations in free space.

SET-5

Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable. The figures in
the margin indicate full marks.
Attempt ALL The Questions.

1. a) Point out the difference between simple and compound pendulum.

Suppose, a meter stick suspended from one end swings as a compound
pendulum; (i) what is the period of oscillation, (ii) Show that point of
suspension and point of oscillation are interchangeable. Also write the
condition for minimum & maximum time period. [2+7]
b) A thin straight uniform rod of length 1m and mass 160gm hangs from a
pivot at one end. (a) what is it's time period for small amplitude oscillation ?
(b) what is the length of a simple pendulum that will have the same time
period? [6]
OR,
a) What do you mean by electromagnetic oscillation? Derive an expression
for time period of damped electromagnetic LCR- oscillation and hence
discuss the time-displacement graph. [2+7]
b) A mass 0.01 kg suspended from a string oscillates freely with a time period
of 1 sec. When it is immersed in oil and allowed to oscillate, the time period
increases by 0.2 sec. calculate the damping constant due to oil medium.
[6]
2. a) What do you mean by progressive wave? Derive the relation between wave
velocity & particle velocity. Also discuss about energy, power and intensity of
plane progressive wave with necessary derivation. [1+2+4]
b) Light of frequency 5X1014 Hz liberate electrons with energy 2.31 X 10-19 J
from certain metallic surface. What is the wavelength of ultraviolet light which
 liberates electrons of energy 8.39 X 10-19 J from the same surface? (h= 6.62X10-
34
JS; C= 3X108 m/s ) [6]
3. a) Define Ultrasound. Discuss the method for production of Ultrasonic wave by
Electrostriction & Magnetostriction method. Write any three uses of
Ultrasound. [1+6+2]
b) The size of an empty assembly of bell has dimensions 20X15X5 m3 and the
reverberation time is 3.5 sec. What area of the wall should be covered by
curtain cloth to reduce the reverberation time by 2.5 sec; if the absorption
coefficient of the curtain cloth is 0.5. Also calculate the average absorption
coefficient of the bell. [6]
4. a) Define polar & non-polar molecules with examples. Discuss the effect of
electric field in polar & non-polar dielectrics. What do you mean by
polarization of dielectrics? Also derive Clausius-Mosotti relation. [ 9 ]
b) A parallel plate capacitor is filled with two dielectrics as in figure. Show
∈0 𝐴 𝑘1 +𝑘2
that, capacitance is given by: C =
𝑑
.(
2
). [6]

5. a) Write down the Maxwell's equations. Starting from integral form; Derive the
differential forms of Maxwell's equations and also mention their physical
significance. [2+7]
b) A circuit has inductance of 10 mH & capacitance of 1𝜇𝐹. How much resistance
must be inserted in the circuit to reduce the (undamped) resonant frequency by
0.01% ? [6]
OR,
a) State Gauss' law of electrostatics. Use this law to calculate electric field due
to (i) Infinite line of charge, (ii) infinite sheet of charge. [2+7]
b) Calculate the equivalent capacitance between two points of the following
network.
 [6]
6. a) Define quantum wave function and mention it's significance. Derive the
expression for Schrodinger Time Independent wave equation, using time
dependent wave equation. [2+7]
2𝜋𝑥
b) An electron moving as a wave has the wave function 𝜓(x)= A Cos ;
𝐿
𝐿 𝐿
− ≤𝑥≤ ; Using normalization condition find the value of constant A and
4 4
normalized wave function. [6]
7. Write short notes on : (Any two) [5+5]
a) Spontaneous and stimulated emission of radiation
b) Equation of Stationary Wave
c) Electromagnetic Wave equations in free space.

Good Luck !!!

Compiled By:
Mr. Chheda Lal Chaudhary, Physics Lecturer
National Academy of Science and Technology
(NAST)