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Sum Pol DN Int

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Muhamad jejen Nurani
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4 views

Sum Pol DN Int

Task

Uploaded by

Muhamad jejen Nurani
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Muhamad Jejen Nurani 211220004

Irira 211220002
Jenifa Mega Pingkan 211220015

The Summary of Politeness And Interaction


interaction. In order to make sense of what is said in an interaction, we have to look at various factors
which relate to social distance and closeness. Some of these factors are established prior to an inter-
action and hence are largely external factors. They typically involve the relative status of the
participants, based on social values tied to such things as age and power.
However, there are other factors, such as amount of imposition or degree of friendliness, which are
often negotiated during an interaction. These are internal to the interaction and can result in the initial
social distance changing and being marked as less, or more, during its course. This may result, for
example, in partici- pants moving from a title-plus-last name to a first-name basis within the talk.
These internal factors are typically more relevant to participants whose social relationships are
actually in the process of being worked out within the interaction.
Politeness
As a technical term, face means the public self-image of a per- son. It refers to that emotional and
social sense of self that every- one has and expects everyone else to recognize. Politeness, in an
interaction, can then be defined as the means employed to show awareness of another person's face. In
this sense, politeness can be accomplished in situations of social distance or closeness.
Face wants
In this discussion, let's assume that the participants involved in interactions are not living in a context
which has created rigidly fixed social relationships. Within their everyday social interac- tions, people
generally behave as if their expectations concerning their public self-image, or their face wants, will
be respected. If a speaker says something that represents a threat to another indi- vidual's expectations
regarding self-image, it is described as a face threatening act. Alternatively, given the possibility that
some action might be interpreted as a threat to another's face, the speaker can say something to lessen
the possible threat. This is called a face saving act.
Negative and positive face
A person’s negative face is the need to be independent. A person’s positive face is need to be accepted.
Self and other: say nothing
One way to see the relevance of the relationship between these politeness concepts and language use
is to take a single speech event and map out the different interpretations associated with different
possible expressions used within that event.
Say something: off and on record
Not directly addressed ( off record ). Directly addressed ( on record ).
Strategies
The tendency to use positive politeness forms, emphasizing close- ness between speaker and hearer,
can be seen as a solidarity strategy.

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