FLUID MECHANICS | TAKE HOME PROBLEMS

1. Oil (specific gravity = 0.8) at 3000 Pa flows at a constant rate 8. The density of water is typically taken to be 62.4 lbm / ft 3
of 1 m3/s through the circular nozzle shown. What is most for engineering problems where greater accuracy is not
nearly the net force exerted by the joint to hold the nozzle required. What is the value is slugs/ft3?
in place? A. 1.24 slugs/ft3 C. 2.04 slugs/ft3
𝐷1 = 0.3 𝑚
B. 1.94 slugs/ft3 D. 3.24 slugs/ft3
𝑉1
𝑛𝑜𝑧𝑧𝑙𝑒 𝐷2 = 0.06 𝑚
𝑉2
9. The density of air flowing in a duct is 1.15 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3. A pitot
tube is placed in the duct is measured with a wall tap at
𝐴(6𝑥103 𝑃𝑎) and pressure gage 𝐵(7𝑥103 𝑃𝑎) . Use the
A. 140 KN C. 190 KN gage readings to determine the velocity of the air.
B. 240 KN D. 270 KN A. 42 m/s C. 110 m/s
2. A cylinder 10 m long and 2 m diameter is suspended in air B. 102 m/s D. 150 m/s
flowing at 8 m/sec. The air flow is perpendicular to the 10. The diameter of a water pipe gradually changes from 5cm
longitudinal axis of the cylinder. The density of air is 1.225 at point A to 15 cm at point B. Point A is 5 m lower than
kg/m3, and the coefficient of drag of the cylinder is 1.3. point B. The pressure is 700 kPa at point A and 664 kPa at
What is the drag on the cylinder? point B. Friction between the water and the pipe wall is
A. 0.31 KN C. 1.0 KN negligible. What is the rate of discharge at point B?
B. 0.85 KN D. 2.3 KN A. 0.0035 𝑚3/𝑠 C. 0.010 𝑚3 /𝑠
B. 0.0064 𝑚 /𝑠3 D. 0.018 𝑚3 /𝑠
3. A 65 mm radius cylinder shown below rotates at 3600
revolutions per minute. Air is flowing past the cylinder at 30 11. If the specific gravity of a certain oil is 0.82, calculate the
m/s. How much is the lift on the cylinder per unit length? specific weight.
𝑘𝑔 A. 51.2 𝑙𝑏/𝑓𝑡 3 C. 65.7 𝑁/𝑚3
The density of air is 1.225 3
𝑚3 B. 32.5 𝑁/𝑚 D. 32.4 𝑁/𝑚3
3600 𝑟𝑝𝑚
12. What is the hydraulic radius of the trapezoidal (isosceles)
30 𝑚/𝑠 irrigation canal of bases 5 m and 11 cm respectively with
65 𝑚𝑚 𝑏2 = 11 𝑚
depth of 4 m?
ℎ =4𝑚
A. 190 N/m C. 290 N/m 𝑠 𝑠
B. 220 N/m D. 370 N/m 𝑏1 = 5 𝑚
4. What is the hydraulic radius of the channel shown? A. 1.63 m C. 2.13 m
B. 2.00 m D. 4.00 m
1
3 2 3
13. A cylinder weigh 150 lbf. Its cross-sectional area is 40 square
2
𝑑 inches When the cylinder stands vertically on one end, what
pressure does the cylinder exert on the floor?
3 A. 14.1 kPa C. 63.2 kPa
A. 0.33 m C. 0.49 m B. 25.8 kPa D. 89.7 kPa
B. 0.43 m D. 1.5 m 14. An atmospheric pressure of 101.325 kPa will be supported
5. A pressurized tank contains a fluid with a density of 1300 by how much height of mercury (s.g. = 13.6)?
kg/m3. The pressure in the air space about the fluid is 700 A. 0.56 m C. 0.66 m
kPa. Fluid exits to the atmosphere from an opening 3 m B. 0.76 m D. 0.86 m
below the fluid surface. What is most nearly the exit 15. How far below the water surface should a vertical square 1
velocity? m on a side with two sides horizontal to be immersed so
A. 11 m/s C. 31 m/s that the center of pressure will be 70 mm below the center
B. 22 m/s D. 52 m/s of gravity?
6. Determine the average velocity through a circular section in A. 0.69 m C. 0.57 m
which the velocity distribution is given as 𝑉 = 𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥 . [1 − B. 0.72 m D. 0.78 m
𝑟 2
16. In a hydraulic press the large piston has a cross-sectional
( ) ] The distribution is symmetric with respect to the area 𝐴1 = 200 𝑐𝑚2 and the small piston has a cross-
𝑟𝑜
longitudinal axis, 𝑟 = 0. 𝑟0 is the outer radius and the 𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥 section area 𝐴2 = 5 𝑐𝑚2. If the force applied is 250 N to the
is the velocity along the longitudinal axis. small piston. Compute the force acting on the large piston.
A. 20 kN C. 21 kN
𝑑𝑟 B. 12 kN D. 10 kN
17. Determine the average velocity through a circular section in
𝑟
which the velocity distribution is given as 𝑉 = 𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥 . [1 −
𝑟𝑜 𝑟 2
( ) ] The distribution is symmetric with respect to the
𝑟𝑜
longitudinal axis, 𝑟 = 0. 𝑟0 is the outer radius and the 𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥 . 𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥 .
A. C. is the velocity along the longitudinal axis.
4 2
𝑉 . 𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥 . 𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥 .
B. 𝑚𝑎𝑥 D. 𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥 . A. C.
3 4 2
7. Fluid flows at 5 m/s in a 5 cm diameter pipe section. The 𝑉 .
B. 𝑚𝑎𝑥 D. 𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥 .
3
section is connected to a 10 cm diameter section. At most 18. SI unit of viscosity of Pa-s is:
nearly what velocity does the fluid flow in the 10 cm
A. 10 times poise C. 9.81 times poise
section? B. 1/9.81 times poise D. 1/10 times poise
A. 1.00 m/s C. 2.50 m/s
B. 1.25 m/s D. 10.0 m/s
 FLUID MECHANICS | TAKE HOME PROBLEMS
19. A 100 g of water are mixed with 150 g of another fluid 28. A venture meter installed horizontally is used to measure
(p=790 kg/ m3). What is the specific volume of the resulting 𝐴2
the flow of water in a pipe. The area ratio, , of the meter
𝐴1
mixture, assuming that the volumes are addictive and the
is 0.5 and the velocity through the throat of the meter is
mixture is homogeneous?
3m/s. What is the most nearly the pressure differential
A. 0.63 cm3/g C. 0.86 cm3/g
across the venture meter?
B. 0.82 cm3/g D. 1.16 cm3/g
A. 1.5 kPa C. 3.5 kPa
20. Archimedes established his principle while investigating a
B. 2.3 kPa D. 6.8 kPa
suspected fraud in the construction of a crown. The crown
29. A venture meter installed horizontally is used to measure
was made from an alloy of gold and silver instead of pure 𝐴2
gold. Assume that the volume of the alloy was the the flow of water in a pipe. The area ratio, , of the meter
𝐴1
combined volumes of the components (the density of gold is 0.5 and the velocity through the throat of the meter is
is 19.3 g/cm3, the density of silver is 10.5g/cm3). If the 3m/s. What is the most nearly the pressure differential
crown had a weight of 1000 g in air and 940 g in pure water, across the venture meter?
what percentage of gold (by weigh6) was il? A. 1.5 kPa C. 3.5 kPa
A. 53.1% C. 81.2% B. 2.3 kPa D. 6.8 kPa
B. 67.4% D. 91.3% 30. The flow rate of water through a cast iron pipe is 20
21. A mercury barometer stands 762 mm. A gas bubble, whose m3/min. The diameter of the pipe is 0.3 m, and the
volume is 33 cm3 when it is at the bottom of the lake 45.7 coefficient of friction is f = 0.0173. What is the pressure
m deep rises to the surface. Compute the volume at the drop over a 30 m length of pipe?
surface of the lake. A. 9.8 kPa C. 17 kPa
A. 178 cm3 C. 520 cm3 B. 13 kPa D. 19 kPa
B. 258 cm 3 D. 20 cm3 31. What is the equivalent head of a fluid that has a velocity of
22. Water at 20 °C is flowing in a pipe of radius 1.0 cm. The 18 m/s?
viscosity of water at 20°C is 1.005 centipoise. If the flow A. 16.51 m C. 13.56 m
speed at the center is 0.200 m/s and the flow is laminar, find B. 18.34 cm D. 11.41 cm
the pressure drop due to viscosity along a 5 m section pipe. 32. A vertical rectangular gate 1.5 m wide and 3m high is
Use Hagen-Poiseuille Equation submerged is water with its top edge 2m below the water
A. 80.4 Pa C. 13.45 Pa surface, find the total pressure acting on one side of the
B. 12.5 Pa D. 45.77 Pa gate and its location from the bottom.
23. What is the terminal velocity of a 50 mm diameter solid A. 𝐹𝐻 = 154.5075 𝑘𝑁 C. 𝐹𝐻 = 154.5075 𝑘𝑁
aluminum sphere falling in air? Assume that the sphere has B. 𝐹𝐻 = 124.5075 𝑘𝑁 D. 𝐹𝐻 = 155.5075 𝑘𝑁
a coefficient of drag of 0.5, the density of aluminum is 2650 33. The density of water is typically taken to be 62.4 lbm / ft 3
kg/m3, and the density of air is 1.225 kg/m3. for engineering problems where greater accuracy is not
A. 25 m/s C. 88 m/s required. What is the value is slugs/ft3?
B. 53 m/s D. 130 m/s A. 1.24 slugs/ft3 C. 2.04 slugs/ft3
24. The upper plate is fixed, while the lower plate moves in the B. 1.94 slugs/ft3 D. 3.24 slugs/ft3
positive x direction at 0.5 m/s. The plate separation is 0.001 34. An atmospheric pressure of 101.325 kPa will be supported
m. the fluid viscosity is 7𝑥10−4 𝑃𝑎 − 𝑠 and the velocity by how much height of water?
profile is linear, Calculate the shear stress, in the moving A. 10.32 m C. 15.42 m
fluid B. 13.23 m D. 15.45 m
35. Convert a vacuum pressure of 110 mm of mercury into
𝑣 𝑚 absolute pressure if atmospheric pressure is 10.5 meters of
𝑦 𝑣 = 0.5 water.’
𝑠
𝑥 A. 76.00 kPa C. 88.3 kPa
A. 0.05 Pa C. 0.25 Pa B. 92.54 kPa D. 87.5 kPa
B. 0.15 Pa D. 0.35 Pa 36. If the specific volume of a certain fluid is 0.7848 m 3/kg, what
25. A waterfall has a total drop of 15 m and a flow rate 2𝑚3 /𝑠. is the specific weight?
Most nearly what theoretical power is available? A. 12.5 N/m3 C. 10.75 N/m3
B. 11.65 N/m 3 D. 8.45 N/m3
A. 294 kW C. 439 kW
B. 375 kW D. 750 kW 37. What is the value of the surface tension of a small droplet
26. How far below the water surface should a vertical square 1 of water 0.3 mm in diameter which is in contact with air if
m on a side with two sides horizontal to be immersed so the pressure within the droplet is 561 Pa?
that the center of pressure will be 70 mm below the center
A. 0.042 N/m C. 0.078 N/m
of gravity?
B. 0.021 N/m D. 0.017 N/m
A. 0.69 m C. 0.57 m
38. Water in the hydraulic press, initially at 137 kPa abs is
B. 0.72 m D. 0.78 m
subjected to a pressure of 116,280 kPa abs. Using E = 2.5
27. A scuba diver at a depth of 200 feet (60 m) notices the
GPa, determine the percentage decrease in the volume of
bubbles he exhales have diameters of 1/2 inch (1cm).
water.
Assume the surface tension and water temperature remain
A. 4.65% C. 5.73%
relatively constant. What diameter bubble should be
B. 3.25% D. 3.81%
expected at a depth of 50 feet (15 m)?
39. A 0.50 m diameter window has its center three meters
A. 1.587 cm C. 2.301 cm
below the water surface. Determine the force acting on the
B. 1.452 cm D. 1.203 cm
window considering the window is submerged vertically.
A. 5.8 kN C. 3.8 kN
B. 2.9 kN D. 4.8 kN
 FLUID MECHANICS | TAKE HOME PROBLEMS
40. If the atmospheric pressure is 95.7 kPa and the gage B. 47.83 m/s D. 32.23 m/s
attached to the tank reads 188 mmHg in vacuum, find the 51. What is the pressure 800 ft below the water surface of the
absolute pressure within the tank. ocean? Neglect compressibility
A. 70.62 kPa C. 31.2 kPa A. 53534 psf C. 35354 psf
B. 89.53 kPa D. 42.3 kPa B. 35534 psf D. 53354 psf
41. What is the atmospheric pressure on a planet if the 52. A jet is discharged through a 25 cm-diameter orifice under
absolute pressure is 100 kPa and the gage pressure is10 constant head of 0.64 m. The total discharge is 103 kg in 90
kPa? seconds. The jet is observed to pass through 1-point 60m
A. 10 kPa C. 90 kPa downward 1.2 m away from the vena contracta. Compute
B. 80 kPa D. 100 kPa the theoretical discharge in kg.
42. A vertical rectangular gate 1.5 m wide and 3m high is A. 156 kg C. 245 kg
submerged is water with its top edge 2m below the water B. 345 kg D. 452 kg
surface, find location of the total pressure on one side of 53. A uniform area water jet travels at 600 ft/s (200 m/s) and
the gate from the bottom. 100 ft3/s (3 m3/s). What is the horizontal force acts on the
A. 1.2857 m C. 1.21 m water jet if it undergoes a 180° turn?
B. 1.333 m D. 1.8275 m A. 1.4 MN C. -0.6 MN
𝑚2 B. -1.2 MN D. 4.5 MN
43. Water having kinematic viscosity 𝜇𝑘 = 1.3𝑥10−6 flows
𝑠
54. A scuba diver at a depth of 200 feet (60 m) notices the
in a 100 mm diameter pipe at a velocity 4.5 m/s. Compute
bubbles he exhales have diameters of 1/2 inch (1cm).
the Reynolds number
Assume the surface tension and water temperature remain
A. 346,153.85 C. 432,453.54
relatively constant. What is the pressure of the bubble at 60
B. 324,435.14 D. 434,324.85
m depth?
44. What is the hydraulic radius of the semi-circular channel
A. 540 kPa C. 720 kPa
shown?
B. 320 kPa D. 690 kPa
55. The jet discharges water at the rate of 0.10 m3/s and at
speed of 18 m/s to stationary plate. Determine the force on
A. 2ft C. 4ft
the plate.
B. 2.57ft D. 6.14ft
A. 2800 N C. 1800 N
45. Consider the holding tank shown. The tank volume remains
B. 2000 N D. 2500 N
constant. What is most nearly the velocity of the water
56. An oil flowing at the rate of 0.001 m3/s through an 8 cm
exiting to the atmosphere?
diameter pipe has a kinematic viscosity of 2𝑥10−5 𝑚2 /𝑠
and a specific gravity of 0.85. What is the centerline
velocity?
2𝑚 A. 0.398 m/s C. 0.235 m/s
B. 0.678 m/s D. 0.547 m/s
A. 3 m/s C. 5 m/s 57. The diameter of a pipe at the larger end is 0.50 m and at the
B. 4 m/s D. 6 m/s end smaller end is 0.20 m. the larger and smaller ends are
46. A nuclear submarine is capable of a top underwater speed located 7 meters and 3 meters respectively, from the datum
of 65 km/hr. How fast would a 1/20 scale model of the line. If at the larger end, the velocity is 1.2 meters per
submarine have to be moved through a testing pool filled second and the pressure is 5200 kN/m2 compute the
with seawater for the forces on the submarine and model pressure at the smaller end.
to be dimensionally similar? A. 5211.84 𝑘𝑃𝑎 C. 4352.45 𝑘𝑃𝑎
A. 0.90 m/s C. 180 m/s B. 5642.56 𝑘𝑃𝑎 D. 3452.45 𝑘𝑃𝑎
B. 18 m/s D. 360 m/s 58. A 2 mm (inside diameter) glass tube is placed in a container
47. A sealed tank containing seawater to a height of 12 m also of mercury. An angle of 140° is measured are 13550 kg/m
contains air above the water at gage pressure of 5 atm. and 37.5 x10-2 N/m, respectively. How high will the mercury
Water flows out from the bottom through a small hole. rise or be depressed in the tube as a result of capillary
Calculate the speed of the water. Note 𝜌𝑠𝑊 = action?
1.03𝑥103 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3 A. -4.3 mm C. 4.2 mm
A. 34.92 m/s C. 20.45 m/s B. -1.6 mm D. 6.4 mm
B. 45.24 m/s D. 35.45 m/s 59. To what height will 20°𝐶 ethyl alcohol
𝑁
48. A conical reducing section connects an existent 10.16 cm (𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 0.0227 , contact angle 0° , specific
𝑚
diameter pipeline with a new 5.08 cm diameter line. At 𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑔
heat 0.68 , density 0.79 ) rise is 0.25 mm internal
689.30 kPa static pressure under no-flow conditions, what 𝑘𝑔 °𝐶 𝑐𝑚 3

is the tensile force is exerted on the connectors at joint A diameter glass capillary tube? The density of the alcohol is
assuming no end restraint from the pipe. 790 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3.
A. 4.19 KN C. 3.23 KN A. 0.12m C. 0.12m
B. 5.12 KN D. 4.15 KN B. 0.047m D. 0.47m
49. A hose shoots water straight up a distance of 2.5 m. The end 60. A jet velocity 𝑣𝑗𝑒𝑡 , cross-sectional area 𝐴𝑗𝑒𝑡 , and density
opening on the hose has an area of 0.75 cm2. How much 𝜌𝑗𝑒𝑡 impinges on a reversing vane and is turned through an
water comes out in 1 hour? angle of 180°. The vane is moving with velocity 𝑣𝑣𝑎𝑛𝑒 in the
A. 1.89 m3 C. 1.67 m3 direction of the original jet. What is the force, 𝐹𝑣𝑎𝑛𝑒 ,
B. 0.78 m 3 D. 2.56 m3 exerted on the vane by the water?
50. Ammonia at 140 kPa and 13C (p = 0.988 kg/m 3) flows A. 2𝜌𝐴𝑗𝑒𝑡 𝑉𝑗𝑒𝑡 C. 2𝜌𝐴𝑗𝑒𝑡 𝑉𝑣𝑎𝑛𝑒
2
through a pipe. A micromanometer measuring impact B. 𝜌𝐴𝑗𝑒𝑡 𝑉𝑗𝑒𝑡 D. 2𝜌𝐴𝑗𝑒𝑡 (𝑉𝑗𝑒𝑡 − 𝑉𝑣𝑎𝑛𝑒 )
pressure shows 4.06 m of water. What is the velocity of the
ammonia in the pipe?
A. 43.58 m/s C. 34.54 m/s
 FLUID MECHANICS | TAKE HOME PROBLEMS
61. The pressure drop across a turbine is 30 psi. The flow rate is 71. Estimate the height to which water will rise in a capillary
60 gallons per minute. Calculate the power output of the 𝑁
tube 2 mm in diameter. Use 𝜎 = 0.0728 and 𝛾 =
𝑚
turbine.
9810 𝑁/𝑚3
A. 0.41 hp C. 2.54 hp A. 9.9 mm C. 3.91 mm
B. 1.05 hp D. 6.30 hp B. 5.8 mm D. 10.8 mm
62. The flow rate of water through a cast iron pipe is 5000 72. A floating cylinder 8 cm in diameter and weighing 950 grams
gallons per minute. The diameter of the pipe is 1 foot, and is place in a cylindrical container 20 cm in diameter partially
coefficient of friction is 𝑓 = 0.0173. What is the pressure full of water. The increase in the depth of water in the
drop over a 100-foot length of pipe? container due to placing the float in it is:
𝑙𝑏𝑓 𝑙𝑏𝑓
A. 21.078 C. 337.26 A. 10 cm C. 3 cm
𝑓𝑡 2 𝑖𝑛2
𝑙𝑏𝑓
B. 23.78 2
𝑙𝑏𝑓
D. 337.26 2 B. 5 cm D. 2 cm
𝑖𝑛 𝑓𝑡 73. If the viscosity of water at 70°𝐶 is 0.00402 poise and its
63. Water is held in a tank by the sluice gate shown in this specific gravity is 0.978, determine its kinematic viscosity in
figure. What force per unit width of the dam must the latch 𝑐𝑚 2
supply to keep the gate closed? ?
𝑠
A. 4.11𝑥10−3 𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑘𝑒 C. 9.23𝑥10−4 𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑘𝑒
−3
B. 5.44𝑥10 𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑘𝑒 D. 7.57𝑥10−4 𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑘𝑒
ℎത 2
ℎ 74. A barrel contains a 0.150 m layer of oil floating on water
ℎ 𝑐𝑔 4𝑓𝑡 3 that is 0.30 mm deep. If the density of the oil is 600 kg/m 3,
𝑐𝑝 what is the pressure(gage) at the oil-water interface?
𝐹𝐻 𝐹𝐻 𝐹𝐿𝑎𝑡𝑐ℎ A. 883 Pa C. 900 Pa
B. 742 Pa D. 924 Pa
A. 332.8 lb C. 383.2 lb 75. If the viscosity of water at 70°𝐶 is 0.00402 poise and its
B. 323.8 lb D. 338.2 lb specific gravity is 0.978, determine its kinematic viscosity in
64. Air flow past a 2” diameter sphere at 100 ft/sec. What is the 𝑐𝑚 2
?
drag force experience by the sphere given that it has a 𝑠

coefficient of drag of 0.5 and that the density of the air is A. 4.11𝑥10−3 𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑘𝑒 C. 9.23𝑥10−4 𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑘𝑒
−3
B. 5.44𝑥10 𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑘𝑒 D. 7.57𝑥10−4 𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑘𝑒
0.00234 slug/ft3?
A. 0.128 𝑙𝑏𝑓 C. 0.138 𝑙𝑏𝑓 76. To what height will a barometer column rise if the
B. 0.228 𝑙𝑏𝑓 D. 0.127 𝑙𝑏𝑓 atmospheric conditions are 13.9 psia and 68°F and
65. A mercury barometer stands 762 mm. A gas bubble, whose barometer fluid is ethyl alcohol. Note: @ 68°F; Pv = 122.4
volume is 33 cm3 when it is at the bottom of the lake 45.7 lbf/ft2 and specific gravity of 0.79 for ethyl alcohol.
m deep rises to the surface. Compute the volume at the A. 457.45 in C. 235.6 in
surface of the lake. B. 522.45 in D. 152.45 in
A. 178 cm3 C. 520 cm3 77. To what height will a barometer column rise if the
B. 258 cm3 D. 20 cm3 atmospheric conditions are 13.9 psia and 68°F and
66. A pressure vessel with an internal pressure, p is connected barometer fluid is mercury?
to the simple U-tube open to the atmosphere as shown. A A. 28.3 in C. 35.6 in
10 cm deflection of mercury is observed. The density of B. 24.45 in D. 22.45 in
mercury is 13.6 Mg/m3. What is the most nearly the 78. A surface tension force 𝜎 of water in air is approximately
pressure p, if the atmospheric pressure is 101 kPa? 0.00518 lbf/ft. If the atmospheric pressure is 14.7 psia, what
A. 1.0 kPa C. 439 kPa is the pressure inside a droplet 0.01” in diameter?
B. 13 kPa D. 75 kPa A. 14.53 psia C. 14.87 psia
67. What is the pressure at point A in the tank if ℎ = 2𝑚? B. 14.70 psia D. 14.78 psia
79. Estimate the height to which water will rise in a capillary
tube of diameter 5 mm if the surface tension is 0.0728 N/m
ℎ = 2𝑚
and the contact angle is 0°?
𝐴 A. 5.94 mm C. 4.54 mm
A. 12 kPa C. 16 kPa B. 4.55 mm D. 5.35 mm
B. 13 kPa D. 20 kPa 80. What is the pressure 8000 ft below the water surface of the
68. A pressure of 35 kPa is measured 4 m below the surface of ocean? Neglect compressibility
an unknown liquid. What is the specific gravity of the liquid? A. 516,00 psf C. 321,000 psf
A. 0.09 C. 0.93 B. 324,500 psf D. 543,000 psf
B. 0.89 D. 1.85 81. If the viscosity of water at 70°C is 0.00402 poise and its
𝑘𝑔 specific gravity is 0.978, determine its absolute viscosity in
69. The density of air flowing in a duct is 1.15 3. A pitot tube
𝑚 Pa-s?
is placed in the duct is measured with a wall tap at A. 0.000402 Pa-s C. 0.0402 Pa-s
𝐴(6𝑥103 𝑃𝑎) and pressure gage at 𝐵(7𝑥103 𝑃𝑎). Use the B. 0.00402 Pa-s D. 0.402 Pa-s
gage readings to determine the velocity of the air. 82. At a height of 10,000 m (33,000 ft) above the sea level,
A. 42 m/s C. 110 m/s atmospheric pressure is about 210 mm of Hg. What is the
B. 102 m/s D. 150 m/s resultant normal force on a 600 cm2 window of an airplane
70. How high does mercury barometer stand on a day when flying at this height when the hydrostatic conditions and a
atmospheric pressure is 98.6 kPa considering that the pressure inside the plane of 760 mm or mercury and density
specific gravity of mercury is 13.6? of mercury is 13,600 kg/m3?
A. 739 mm C. 760 mm A. 4.403 kN C. 5.721 kN
B. 400 mm D. 540 mm B. 3.407 Kn D. 2.741 kN
 FLUID MECHANICS | TAKE HOME PROBLEMS
83. A rigid container is closed at one end and measures 8 in. A. 9363.64 m3 C. 9633.64 m3
diameter by 12 in. long. The container is held vertically and B. 6363.64 m 3 D. 9393.64 m3
is slowly moved downward until the pressure in the 96. Calculate the Reynolds number, Re, for water at 20°𝐶
container is 15.5 psia. What will be the depth of the water flowing in an open channel. The water is flowing at a
surface measure from the free water surface? 𝑔𝑎𝑙
volumetric rate of 200 . The channel has a height of 4
𝑠
A. 9.2 in C. 22 in
feet and a width of 8 feet. At this temperature, water has a
B. 12 in D. 9.8 in 𝑓𝑡 2
84. A vertical sliding gate is being submerged in a 10-meter kinematic viscosity of 1.104 𝑥 10−5
𝑠
water. The gate is 5 m wide and 9 m high and weighs 50 kN. A. 605398.41 C. 158469.8
What vertical force is needed to just lift this gate B. 781975.45 D. 817487.6
considering that the coefficient of friction between the 97. A cast iron pipe of equilateral triangular cross section with
guides and edges is 0.25? (Note: neglect buoyant force) side length of 20.75" has water flowing through it. The flow
A. 675 kN C. 657 kN rale is 6000 gallons per minute, and the friction factor for
B. 765 kN D. 756 kN the pipe is f = 0.017. What is the pressure drop in a 100-foot
85. A vacuum pump is used to drain a flooded mine shaft of section?
69°F water. The vapor pressure of water at this temperature A. 24.3 𝑙𝑏𝑓/𝑓𝑡 2 C. 178.5 𝑙𝑏𝑓/𝑓𝑡 2
B. 48.7 𝑙𝑏𝑓/𝑓𝑡 2 D. 536.4 𝑙𝑏𝑓/𝑓𝑡 2
is 0.34 psi. The pump is incapable of lifting the water higher
than 400 inches. What is the atmospheric pressure? 98. A circular bucket is 2 ft deep and 2 ft in diameter and open
A. 14.78 psi C. 17.67 psi at the top. When not rotating. The bucket is 1/3 full of
B. 12.45 psi D. 13.27 psi water. The bucket is rotated about an axis through the
86. If a depth of liquid of 1m causes a pressure of 7 kPa, what is center of the bucket What is the minimum rotational speed
the specific gravity of the liquid? at which the bucket can be rotated without spilling any
A. 0.817 C. 0.786 water out of the bucket?
B. 0.714 D. 0.324 A. 9.26 rad/s C. 1.45 rad/s
87. Find the absolute pressure is kPa at a depth of 10 meters B. 2.27 rad/s D. 10.4 rad/s
below the free surface of oil of sp. gr. 0.75 if the barometer 99. A circular bucket is 2 ft deep and 2 ft in diameter and open
reading is 752 mm Hg at the top. When not rotating, the bucket is 1/3 full of
A. 173.9 kPa C. 317.45 kPa water. The bucket is rotated about an axis through the
B. 145.7 kPa D. 143.45 kPa center of the bucket. What is the equivalent specific weight
88. The length of pipe is 168 meters. If the pressure drop is 50 at a point 0.5 ft from the center of the bucket?
kPa for every 30 m. what is the total pressure drop? A. 103.89 lbf/ft3 C. 107.45 lbf/ft3
B. 103.45 lbf/ft 3 D. 125.45 lbf/ft3
A. 240 kPa C. 280 kPa
100. 3
A 70.874 L/s (150 ft /min.) of water is flowing in a round
B. 260 kPa D. 220 kPa
89. Assuming normal barometric pressure, how deep in the pipe such that the flow remains laminar. Considering that
ocean is the point where an air bubble, upon reaching the the critical Reynold's number to be 2000, what is the
surface, has five times its volume than it had at the bottom? diameter of the pipe necessary to ensure laminar flow.
A. 40.1 m C. 50.4 m (Note: kinematic viscosity of water is 4.75𝑥10−5 𝑓𝑡 2 /𝑠)
B. 25.4 m D. 43.5 m A. 33.50 ft C. 12.5 ft
90. A 100 g of water are mixed with 150 g of another fluid B. 41.7 ft D. 37.5 ft
(p=790 kg/ m3). What is the density of the resulting 101. How high does mercury barometer stand on a day when
mixture, assuming that the volumes are addictive and the atmospheric pressure is 98.6 kPa considering that the
mixture is homogeneous? specific gravity of mercury is 13.6?
A. 0.63 g/cm3 C. 0.86 g/cm3 A. 739 mm C. 760 mm
B. 0.82 g/cm 3 D. 1.16 g/cm3 B. 400 mm D. 540 mm
91. What is the depth of the center of pressure on the vertical 102. A 10 liter of an incompressible liquid exerts a force of 20 N
plate if the upper edge is 1.5 m below the water surface? at the earth’s surface. What force would 2.3L of this liquid
A. 2.12 m C. 2.50 m exerts on the surface of the moon. The gravitational
B. 2.32 m D. 2.63 m acceleration of the surface of the moon is 1.67 m/s 2
92. How far below the water surface should a vertical square A. 0.39 N C. 3.4 N
1m on a side with two sides horizontal to be immersed so B. 0.78 N D. 4.6 N
that the center of pressure will be 70 mm below the center 103. There are two fluids in an open-end manometer. Fluid 1 is
of gravity? glycerin (12.4 kN/m3), 70 mm below the closed end and
A. 0.69 m C. 0.57 m fluid 2 is carbon tetrachloride (15.57 kN/m3) which is 150
B. 0.72 m D. 0.78 m mm above fluid 1. If the open end is exposed to the
93. What is the lifting force in kN for a 10 m diameter spherical atmosphere at 101.325 kPa, what is the absolute pressure
balloon with helium inside at 101 kPa and 320 K surrounded at the closed end of the manometer if it is occupied by fluid
by air at 101 kPa and 298.15 K? 1?
A. 17.38 kN C. 18.73 kN A. 102.79 kPa C. 103.45 kPa
B. 5.28 kN D. 8.25 kN B. 143.45 kPa D. 143.45 kPa
94. A jet aircraft is flying at a speed of 1700 km/hr. The air 104. The fluid in a manometer tube is 60% water and 40%
temperature is 20°𝐶 . The molecular weight of air is alcohol (S.G. = 0.8). What is the manometer fluid height
29gm/mol. What is the Mach number of the aircraft? difference if a 9-psi pressure is applied across the two ends
A. 1.38 C. 1.58 of a manometer?
B. 1.48 D. 1.6 A. 215.45 in C. 111.51 in
95. An iceberg having specific gravity of 0.92 is floating on salt B. 311.54 in D. 168.54 in
water of specific gravity of 1.03. If the volume of ice above
the water surface is 1000𝑚3, what is the total volume of the
ice?
 FLUID MECHANICS | TAKE HOME PROBLEMS
105. If the viscosity of water at 70°C is 0.00402 poise and its 117. A jet is discharged through a 25 cm-diameter orifice under
specific gravity is 0.978, determine its kinematic viscosity in constant head of 0.64 m. The total discharge is 103 kg in 90
m2/s seconds. The jet is observed to pass through 1-point 60m
A. 4.11x10-7 m2/s C. 4.31x10-7 m2/s downward 1.2 m away from the vena contracta. Compute
B. 4.21x10-7 m2/s D. 1.11x10-7 m2/s the coefficient of velocity.
106. If a depth of liquid of 2m causes a pressure of 9 kPa, what is A. 0.682 C. 0.982
the specific gravity of the liquid? B. 0.968 D. 0.819
A. 0.81 C. 0.678 118. What is the pressure 12.5 m below the ocean?
B. 0.4587 D. 0.423 A. 134.5 kPa C. 126.3 kPa
107. A scuba diver at a depth of 200 feet (60 m) notices the B. 123.6 kPa D. 132.7 kPa
bubbles he exhales have diameters of 1/2 inch (1cm). 119. The surface tension of water is 0.07 N/m. Find the weight of
Assume the surface tension and water temperature remain water supported by surface tension in a capillary tube with
relatively constant. What is the depth if the diameter is 0.50 radius of 0.10 mm.
cm? A. 44 𝜇𝑁 C. 35 𝜇𝑁
A. 540 cm C. 120 cm B. 54 𝜇𝑁 D. 57 𝜇𝑁
B. 320 cm D. 480 cm 120. Air flows in a pipe of 0.75 in2 (4.8 cm2) area at 250 ft/sec
108. Water leaves a faucet with a downward velocity of 3 m/s. (76 m/s). The density of the air is 0.075 lbm/ft3 (1.2 kg/m3).
As the water falls below the faucet it accelerates with If the flow splits and both halves leave parallel to the plate,
acceleration g. The cross-sectional area of the water stream what is the force required to hold the plate?
leaving the faucet is 1.0 cm2. What is the cross-sectional A. -3.33 N C. 4.5 N
area of the stream 0.50 m below the faucet? B. -6.66 N D. 9 N
A. 0.69 𝑐𝑚2 C. 0.57 𝑐𝑚2 121. The 8𝑐𝑚 𝑥 12𝑐𝑚 rectangular flume is filled to the three-
B. 0.45 𝑐𝑚 2 D. 0.25 𝑐𝑚2 quarters of its height. What is most nearly the hydraulic
109. Compute the capillary depression for mercury in a glass radius of the flow?
capillary tube 2 mm in diameter if the surface tension of A. 1.5 cm C. 3.0 cm
mercury is 0.514 N/m and 𝜃 = 140°. B. 2.5 cm D. 5.0 cm
A. 3.4 mm C. 5.9 mm 122. A 150 mm diameter pipe carries 81.3 L/s of water. The pipe
B. 7.8 mm D. 6.8 mm branches into two pipes one is 50 mm in diameter and the
110. What is the approximate total pressure of the air inside the other is 75 mm. What is the velocity in 75 mm pipe if the
container? velocity of the flow in the 50 mm pipe is 10 m/s?
A. 101.3 kPa C. 103.5 kPa A. 13.96 m/s C. 17.25 m/s
B. 102.1 kPa D. 110.4 kPa B. 15.67 m/s D. 19.43 m/s
111. The Reynolds number of a sphere falling in air is 1𝑥106 . If 123. How high does mercury barometer stand on a day when
the sphere’s radius is 1 ft, what is its velocity? (𝜌𝑎𝑖𝑟 = atmospheric pressure is 98.6 kPa considering that the
𝑠𝑙𝑢𝑔 𝑙𝑏𝑓−𝑠𝑒𝑐 specific gravity of mercury is 13.6
0.0234 , 𝜇𝑎𝑖𝑟 = 3.8𝑥10−7 )
𝑓𝑡 2 𝑓𝑡 2
A. 739 mm C. 760 mm
A. 2.5 ft/s C. 40.6 ft/s
B. 400 mm D. 540 mm
B. 5.1 ft/s D. 81.2 ft/s
124. A submarine is 100 m long. The shape of its hull is roughly
112. What is the hydraulic radius of the Trapezoidal(isosceles)
cylindrical with a diameter of 15 m. When it is submerged,
irrigation canal of bases 5 m and 11 cm respectively with
it cruises at a speed of about 50 knots or approximately 20
depth of 4m?
m/s. Compute the Reynold number, if the viscosity is
A. 1.63 m C. 2.13 m
1.0𝑥10−3 𝑃𝑎 − 𝑠
B. 2.00 m D. 4.00 m
A. 3𝑥108 C. 5𝑥108
113. A gas flows through a square conduit, at the entrance the 8
B. 4𝑥10 D. 2.5𝑥108
conduit sides are 10 cm, the velocity is 7.55 m/s. and the
125. A balloon having a mass of 400 kg remains suspended
gas mass density is 1.09 kg/m 3. At the exit, the conduit sides
motionless in the air. If the air density is 1.29 kg/m3, what
are 25cm, and the velocity of the flow is 2.02 m/s. Find the
is the volume of the balloon in cubic meters?
density of the gas at the exit section considering the gas is
A. 310 m3 C. 280 m3
compressible. 3
B. 340 m D. 270 m3
A. 0.6598 kg/m3 C. 0.6518 kg/m3
126. The flow rate of water through a cast iron pipe is 22
B. 0.6851 kg/m3 D. 0.6185 kg/m3
m3/min. The diameter of the pipe is 0.32 m, and the
114. A uniform area water jet travels at 200 m/s and 3m3/s. What
coefficient of friction is f = 0.0173. What is the pressure
is the horizontal force acts on the water jet if it undergoes
drop over a 30 m length of pipe?
a 90° turn?
A. 9.8 kPa C. 17 kPa
A. -0.60 MN C. 0.80 MN
B. 13 kPa D. 19 kPa
B. -0.75 MN D. 0.23 MN
127. Find the absolute pressure is kPa at a depth of 9 meters
115. The fluid in a manometer tube is 60% water and 40%
below the free surface of oil of sp. gr. 0.75 if the barometer
alcohol (S.G. = 0.8). What is the manometer fluid height
reading is 750 mm Hg
difference if a 6.2 psi pressure is applied across the two
A. 166.21 kPa C. 137.55 kPa
ends of a manometer?
B. 154.1 kPa D. 134.54 kPa
A. 251 in C. 151 in
128. A jet is discharged through a 25 cm-diameter orifice under
B. 215 in D. 186 in
constant head of 0.64 m. The total discharge is 103 kg in 90
116. Fluid flows at 5 m/s in a 5 cm diameter pipe section. The
seconds. The jet is observed to pass through 1-point 60m
section is connected to a 10 cm diameter section. At most
downward 1.2 m away from the vena contracta. Compute
nearly what velocity does the fluid in the 10 cm section?
the theoretical velocity.
A. 1.00 m/s C. 2.50 cm/s
A. 3.54 m/s C. 2.54 m/s
B. 1.25 m/s D. 10.0 cm/s
B. 1.56 m/s D. 4.35 m/s
 FLUID MECHANICS | TAKE HOME PROBLEMS
129. What is the equivalent diameter of a partially full 142. If the pressure in the air space above an oil (𝑆. 𝐺. = 0.75)
rectangular channel whose width is 30 feet (9.0m) and surface in a closed tank is 115 kPa absolute. What is the
depth is 5.0 feet (1.5m)? pressure 2 meters below the surface?
A. 4.5 m C. 2.5 m A. 129.72 kPa C. 143.56 kPa
B. 4 m D. 5 m B. 143.54 kPa D. 143.54 kPa
130. In the real now of air - (p = 1.225 kg/m3) around a cylinder, 143. A hydraulic lift is to be used to lift a truck weighing 5000 lb.
the circulation is calculated to be 3.97 m 2/s. If the free What is the pressure (gage) must be applied to the oil if the
stream, velocity is 30 m/s, what is the lift generated per diameter of the large piston is 12 in.?
meter length of the cylinder? A. 44.2 psi C. 42.7 psi
A. 150 N/m C. 170 N/m B. 24.5 psi D. 17.6 psi
B. 160 N/m D. 200 N/m 144. If a 1/3 horsepower pump runs for 20 minutes, what is the
131. Water (p = 62.4 lbm/ft3) is flowing through a pipe. A pitot- energy used?
static gage registers 3.0 inches of mercury. What is the A. 0.06 ergs C. 0.30 MJ
velocity of the water in the pipe? Note: density of mercury B. 0.25 kW D. 0.11 kW x h
is 848.6 lbm/ft3 145. In a hydraulic press the large piston has a cross-sectional
A. 14.8 ft/s C. 8.2 ft/s area A1 = 200 cm2 and the small piston has a cross-section
B. 11.4 ft/s D. 7.5 ft/s area A2 = 5 cm2. If the force applied is 250 N to the small
132. A gas bubble rising from the ocean floor is 1 inch in diameter piston. Compute the force acting on the large piston.
at a depth of 50 feet. Given that specific gravity of water is A. 10 kN C. 21 kN
1.03, the buoyant force in lbs being exerted on the bubble B. 12 kN D. 20 kN
at this instant is nearest to: 146. The surface tension of water is 0.07 N/m. Find the weight of
A. 0.014 C. 0.076 water supported by surface tension in a capillary tube with
B. 0.020 D. 0.14 radius of 0.10 mm.
133. The length of pipe is 168 meters. If the pressure drop is 50 A. 44 𝜇𝑁 C. 35 𝜇𝑁
kPa for every 30m, what is the total pressure drop? B. 54 𝜇𝑁 D. 57 𝜇𝑁
A. 250 kPa C. 260 kPa 147. What is the head loss of water flowing through a horizontal
B. 280 kPa D. 220 kPa pipe if the gage pressure at point 1 is 1.03 kPa, the gage
134. If a 1/3 horsepower pump runs for 20 minutes, what is the pressure at point 2 downstream is 1.00 kPa, and the velocity
energy used? is constant?
A. 0.06 ergs C. 0.30 MJ A. 3.1𝑥10−3 𝑚 C. 2.3𝑥10−2 𝑚
B. 0.25 kW D. 0.11 kW x h B. 3.1𝑥10 𝑚−2 D. 2.3 m
135. A waterfall has a total drop of 15 m and a flow rate 2𝑚3 /𝑠. 148. A sliding-plate (50 𝑐𝑚 𝑥 25 𝑐𝑚) viscometer is used to
Most nearly what theoretical power is available? measure the viscosity of a Newtonian fluid (1 𝑚𝑚 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑐𝑘).
A. 294 kW C. 439 kW A force of 25 N is required to keep the top plate moving at
B. 375 kW D. 750 kW a constant velocity of 5 m/s. What is the viscosity of the
136. A cylindrical pipe with water flowing downward at 0.02 fluid?
m3/s having top diameter of 0.08, bottom diameter of 0.04 A. 0.005 N-s/m2 C. 0.02 N-s/m2
m and height of 1.5 m. Find the pressure between the pipe. B. 0.04 N-s/m2 D. 5.0 N-s/m2
A. 94.05 kPa C. 124.07 kPa 149. Find the volume flow rate of water in L/s if the power
B. 104.06 kPa D. 134.10 kPa developed under a head of 320 m is 10,500 kW and the
137. A hose shoots water straight up a distance of 2.5 m. The end hydraulic efficiency is 85%
opening on the hose has an area of 0.75 cm 2. How much A. 3,935 C. 3,271
water comes out in min? B. 3,293 D. 3,721
A. 32.5 Liters C. 20.5 Liters 150. At a height of 10,000 m (33,000 ft) above the sea level,
B. 41.5 Liters D. 130.5 Liters atmospheric pressure is about 210 mm of Hg. What is the
138. What is the expected head loss per mile of a closed circular resultant normal force on a 600 cm2 window of an airplane
pipe with 17 in inside diameter friction factor of 0.03 when flying at this height when the hydrostatic conditions and a
3300 gal/min of water flow under pressure? pressure inside the plane of 760 mm or mercury and density
A. 0.007 ft C. 38 ft of mercury is 13,600 kg/m3?
B. 0.647 ft D. 35.80 ft A. 4.403 kN C. 5.721 kN
139. What is the kinetic energy of 20°𝐶 water flowing in a 5 cm B. 3.407 kN D. 2.741 kN
pipe at 5 m/s?
A. 12.5 J/kg C. 11.5 J/kg
B. 10.5 J/kg D. 9.5 J/kg .
140. A jet is discharged through a 25 cm-diameter orifice under
constant head of 0.64 m. The total discharge is 103 kg in 90
seconds. The jet is observed to pass through 1-point 60m
downward 1.2 m away from the vena contracta. Compute
the coefficient of contraction and the coefficient of
discharge.
A. 0.968 C. 0.92
B. 0.66 D. 0.69
141. Ice in an iceberg has a sp. gr. of 0.922. When floating in
seawater (sp, gr. 1.03), its exposed volume % is nearest to
A. 5.6 C. 8.9
B. 7.4 D. 10.5