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Electric Machine Lab

Experiment No 2

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هارون النجاشي
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21 views

Electric Machine Lab

Experiment No 2

Uploaded by

هارون النجاشي
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Republic of Yemen

Ministry of Higher Education

Sanaa University

College of Engineering

Mechanical engineering Department

EXPERIMENT NO.2
Load (External) Characteristics of a DC Separately Excited Generator

Supervised by / Eng. Ali Al-yagahbi

Done by / Haroon Ahmed Ahmed


202270123
Objective:
To connect the separately exited generator to an external load, to run at
normal speed and obtain its external characteristic.

Tools of Experiment:
1. 2 x Shunt wound machines.
2. 1 x Tacho generators.
3. 5 x AVOmeters.
4. 2 x DC power supplies.
5. Variable load (0-1560 resistance).
6. Connection wires.

Connection diagram:

Procedure:
1. The motor-generator set is arranged and connected to the DC supplies as shown in the
figure.
2. The generator is run up to its normal speed by means of the shunt motor.
3. The speed is kept constant during experiment by means of the motor filed regulating
resistance RL.

4. With the generator at no load, its terminal voltage is adjusted to the rated value by adjusting
Ifg which will be kept constant after that.

5. To obtain the external characteristics a load resistance RL is connected and a series of


readings between zero load current.

6. Plot the relation between VL and IL.


Results:

If N Iin Vin IL Vt

0.08 2000 0.24 230 0 220

0.08 2000 0.37 220 0.17 200

0.08 2000 0.4 210 0.2 160

0.08 2000 0.51 210 0.3 120

0.08 2000 0.64 207 0.4 114

0.08 2000 0.73 205 0.55 105

Graph:

Draw the relationship between Vt (Y-axis) and IL (X-axis).

Y-Values
250

200

150

100

50

0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6
Conclusion:
• The terminal voltage of a separately excited DC generator decreases when more load is
connected to it.

• The amount of decrease in terminal voltage depends on the field current.

• With a higher field current, the decrease in terminal voltage will be less pronounced.

• The decrease in terminal voltage is caused by three factors: armature resistance, armature
reaction, and windage and friction.

• The load characteristics of a separately excited DC generator can be used to determine the
maximum load that the generator can safely deliver.

Note:

The load internal characteristics is a relationship between the generated voltage Eg and the
armature current Ia.

Eg = Vt + IL Ra & la = IL

VNL−VFL
The voltage regulation formula is, VR% = VFL
× 100%

Discussion:
1. Comment on the shape of the curves you have obtained and state why a DC separately excited
generator is called a "constant voltage generator".

Ans:

-The voltage of a DC separately excited generator goes down when more load is connected to it.

-But the field current can be changed to make up for this drop in voltage.
-By increasing the field current, the magnetic field gets stronger, which in turn increases the EMF
generated by the generator.

-This makes up for the voltage drop caused by the load current, and the terminal voltage stays
relatively constant

2. If the generator's armature resistance is 50 , use its value to obtain the "internal characteristics".

Ans:

3. Why does the internal voltage (load voltage) decrease with increase of the load current?

Ans:

-When more current flows through the armature windings, there is more voltage drop across the
armature resistance.

-The armature current also creates a magnetic field that opposes the magnetic field created by the
field windings. This weakens the overall magnetic field, which reduces the EMF generated by the
generator.

-The rotation of the armature and field windings also causes losses due to windage and friction.
These losses increase as the load current increases

4. If the load resistance RL is 800 , show how you can locate the operating point on the external
characteristics.

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