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Experiment 4

Electric machine lab

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هارون النجاشي
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28 views

Experiment 4

Electric machine lab

Uploaded by

هارون النجاشي
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Republic of Yemen

Ministry of Higher Education

Sanaa University

College of Engineering

Mechanical engineering Department

Experiment. 4.
Load Characteristics of D.C Series
Generator

Done by / Gafaar noman Supervised by


202270254
Eng. Ali Al-yagahbi

1
Objective:

To connect and run the machine as a self-excited DC series


generator and to obtain the load characteristics of such a
generator.

Tools of Experiment:

1x Shunt wound machine.

1x Series wound machine.

1x Tacho generator.

4 X AVOmeters.

1x DC power supplies (0-250V).

Variable load (0 — 360 Q resistor ). .

Connection wires

Connection Diagram:

Procedure:

1. The motor —generator set is arranged and connection to the


DC supply as shown in the figure.

2.The DC series motor is run up to its normal speed by means


of the shunt motor.

3.The speed is kept constant for all readings by varying either

2
the motor voltage or the regulating resistance RL,

4.To obtain the external characteristics a load resistance RL is


connected a cross the generator and a series of readings
between zero load current and 100% load current is taken.

5. Plot the relation between vL, and IL at constant speed n.

Results:

n (rpm) Vin I in IL VL
2000 230 0.08 0.1 207
2000 230 0.08 0.2 188
2000 230 0.08 0.3 179
2000 230 0.08 0.4 171
2000 230 0.08 0.5 165.6
2000 230 0.08 0.6
2000 234 0.08 0.63
Graphs:

Discussion:

1. Comment on the shape of the curves you have obtained.


It is notic that from the concluded curve , As the load on the

3
generator is increased, increases and so la = IF + lL ,also

increases. An increase in la increases the armature resistance

voltage drop

Ia*Ra causing Vr= Ea — (Ia*Ra )to decrease. This is precisely

the same behavior observed in a separately excited generat.or.

However, when Vr decreases, the field current in the machine

decreases with it. This causes the flux in the machine to decrease,

decreasing Eg- Decreasing Eg causes a further decrease in the

terminal voltage Vi= Ea — (Ia*Ra ).

Notice that the voltage drop-off is steeper than just the /ARA

drop in a separately excited generator. In other words, the

voltage regulation of this generator is worse than the voltage

regulation of the same piece of equipment connected separately

excited

2.DC series machines are rarely used as generator. Why?

The external characteristics of a series generator shows that

during the initial portion of the curve, the terminal voltage

increases with the increase in load. This is an unstable

condition. For this reason, a series generator has very Limited

applications.

3.Explain how you can obtain the internal characteristics given

that the resistances of the armature and series field of the

generator are 40 Q and 38 Q respectively.

4
The curve AB in above figure identical to open circuit

characteristic (O.C.C.) curve. This is because in DC series

generators field winding is connected in series with armature and

load. Hence, here load current is similar to field current (i.e. Ip=If).

The curve OC and OD represent internal and external

characteristic respectively. In a DC series generator, terminal

voltage increases with the load current. This is because, as the load

current increases, field current also increases. However, beyond a

certain limit, terminal voltage starts decreasing with increase in

load. This is due to excessive demagnetizing effects of the

armature reaction

4.If the load resistance of a certain load is RL=200 Q, find the

load current IL and the terminal voltage VL of the generator.

Eg=VL+IL(Ra+Rs)=87.1V

IL=Eg/Ra+Rs =1.11A SO VL=IL RL =222V

5.Why is the generator terminal voltage at no load very small?

Surely you can run a dc series generator under no load if you

attach it to a prime mover. But In DC series generators field

winding is connected in series with armature and load. Hence, the

field current is same as the load current.Now under no load

condition the load terminals are open circuited thus there will be

no current in the field winding and hence no excitation would be

available. Thus no emf would be induced.

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