Government Polytechnic Yavatmal

Course 2023-24

MICRO-PROJECT
Title: Environmental Studies.

Topic :- Ozone Depletion and Consequences

Submitted By: -
▪ Shruti Chauhan (07)
▪ Prathamesh Chutake (08)
▪ Soham Dhage (09)

Guided By:
Prof. Malode madam.

Department of Electrical Engineering

Government Polytechnic, Yavatmal
 Department of Electrical Engineering
Government Polytechnic, Yavatmal
Course Title:. Ozone Depletion and Consequences

CERTIFICATE
2023-24

This is to certify that the Micro Project report entitled

Has been duly completed The Micro Project with the help of following students under
my guidance, in a satisfactory manner as partial fulfilment of the diploma course in
Electrical Engineering MSBTE, Mumbai

Submitted by:

▪ Shruti Chauhan (07)

▪ Prathamesh Chutake (08)
▪ Soham Dhage (09)

Subject Teacher HOD Principal

Prof. Malode madam. Prof. H.P. Khamkar sir Dr. R.P. Mogre
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

It is an incident of great pleasure for us submitting this microproject.

We take this opportunity to express our deep sense of gratitude and
great thanks to our guide Prof. Malode madam. who has been a constant
source of guidance and inspiration throughout this project work. We
will forever be grateful to them for the encouragements and suggestion
given by them from time to time.
It's grateful to thank all the teaching members of Electrical Engineering
and sincere thanks to our principal Dr. R.P. Mogre who always inspires
us.
We are also thankful to our friends and Electrical department Staff
members.
Last but not the least, we are thankful to our parents whose best wishes
are always with us.
Electrical Department G.P.Y(2023-24)
 Annexure I

PART A: MICRO-PROJECT PROPOSAL

“ozone Depletion and consequences”

1.0 Aims/Benefits of the Micro-Project

1. Mitigating Ozone Depletion: The primary aim is to reduce and eventually

halt the depletion of the ozone layer, primarily by phasing out the
production and use of ozone-depleting substances (ODS) like
chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and halons.
2. Protecting Human Health: By reducing ozone depletion, we protect
humans from harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation, which can cause skin
cancer, cataracts, and weakened immune systems
3. Preserving Ecosystems: Another aim is to preserve ecosystems and
biodiversity by preventing the harmful effects of increased UV radiation
on plants, animals, and marine life.

2.0 Course Outcomes Addressed

1. Understanding Environmental Science: Students will gain a deeper

understanding of environmental science by learning about the causes,
mechanisms, and consequences of ozone layer depletion
2. Analyzing Global Environmental Issues: This topic allows students to
analyze a significant global environmental issue, understanding its
impacts on ecosystems, human health, and climate.
3. Evaluating Human Impacts on the Atmosphere: By studying ozone layer
depletion, students can evaluate the role of human activities, such as the
 release of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), in damaging the Earth’s
atmosphere.

3.0 Proposed Methodology

1. Data Analysis: Analyze the collected data to identify trends, patterns, and
correlations related to ozone depletion and its consequences. This may
involve statistical analysis, modeling techniques, and geospatial analysis
to understand the spatial and temporal dynamics of ozone depletion and
its impacts.
2. Literature Review: Begin by conducting a comprehensive review of
relevant scientific literature to understand the current state of knowledge
regarding ozone depletion, including its causes, mechanisms, and
consequences. This step helps establish a solid foundation for your
research and ensures that you’re building upon existing knowledge.
4.0 Action Plan

Sr. Details of activity Planned Planned Name of

no start date Finished Responsible Team
date Member

1 Select the topic after Shruti Chauhan

consulting with subject Prathamesh
teacher (1 Hr) (1 Hr) Chutake
Soham Dhage

2 Collect all the equipments

needed after discussion All Members
and on the internent (2 Hr) (2 Hr)

3 Creating logic to make

project All Members
(2 Hr) (2 Hr)

4 Started executing
discussed plan All Members
(1 Hr) (1 Hr)

5 Write a proper report

about the importance of All Members
microproject (2 Hr) (2 Hr)

6 Submitted the
Microproject All Members
 5.0 Resources Required

Sr.no Name of Specifications Quantity Remarks

Resources
1 Presentati Software for creating presentations (e.g., 1 -
on Tools Microsoft PowerPoint).

2. Research Books, scientific papers, and online resources 1 -

Materials
4. Books for Introduction to Measuring Instruments 1 -
reference

5 Website https://scholar.google.com/ 1 -
https://www.materialstoday.com/magn e

tic-
materials/

Name of Team members with Roll No.

• Shruti Chauhan (07)
• Prathamesh Chutake (08)
• Soham Dhage (09)
 Annexure II

PART B: MICRO-PROJECT REPORT

“ozone Depletion and consequences”

1.0 Rationale
1. Ozone depletion leads to the thinning of the ozone layer in the Earth’s stratosphere,
primarily due to the release of ozone-depleting substances (ODS) like
chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and halons. This thinning allows more harmful ultraviolet
(UV) radiation from the sun to reach the Earth’s surface, which can have detrimental
effects on ecosystems, including damage to marine phytoplankton, disruption of
food chains, and reduction in biodiversity.

2.0 Aim/Benefits of the Micro-project

1. Mitigating Ozone Depletion: The primary aim is to reduce and eventually
halt the depletion of the ozone layer, primarily by phasing out the
production and use of ozone-depleting substances (ODS) like
chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and halons.
2. Protecting Human Health: By reducing ozone depletion, we protect
humans from harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation, which can cause skin
cancer, cataracts, and weakened immune systems

3.0 Course Outcomes Achieved

1. Students gain a deeper understanding of environmental science by

learning about the causes, mechanisms, and consequences of ozone
depletion, as well as the interactions between atmospheric chemistry,
radiation, and climate dynamics.
2. Students will recognize the environmental consequences of ozone
depletion, such as increased UV radiation reaching the Earth’s surface,
which can lead to skin cancer, cataracts, and damage to marine
ecosystems, crops, and materials.
4.0 Literature Review
A literature review for a microproject on the topic of "Measuring
Instruments" can help provide a comprehensive understanding
of the various Types of measuring instruments, their properties
applications, and the underlying theories and principles
https://scholar.google.com/ https://www.materialstoday.com/magnetic-
materials/

5.0 Actual Methodology Followed

First we have selected the topic after discussion with subject teacher. Then
we will collect all the required resources and start our project. First of all
we will refer some books related to on our topic. We will make a rough
plan about how we are going to execute our micro project. We will also
study the swing components. we will try to implement most of these
concepts in our micro project. We will also refer the internet for doubt
solving. We finally planned our micro-project and implement it.

6.0 Output of the Micro Projects

Ozone layer depletion increases the amount of UVB that reaches the Earth's surface.
Laboratory and epidemiological studies demonstrate that UVB causes non-
melanoma skin cancer and plays a major role in malignant melanoma development

7.0 Skill Developed/ Learning outcomes of this Micro-Project

• Research and Information Gathering

• Data Analysis
• Report Writing
• Presentation Skills
• Critical Thinking
• Experimental Design
• Writing a project report or presenting your findings will improve your
ability to communicate complex technical information clearly and
concisely
 • If you present your findings, you’ll develop presentation skills that are
valuable in academic and professional settings.

8.0 Application of the Micro-Project

• Ozone depletion can cause increased amounts of UV radiation to reach
the Earth which can lead to more cases of skin cancer, cataracts, and
impaired immune systems. Too much exposure to UV is believed to be
contributing to the increase in melanoma, the most fatal of all skin
cancers.
∆ Ozone layer Depletion :-

Ozone depletion refers to the gradual thinning of the ozone layer,

particularly in the Earth’s stratosphere. This depletion is primarily caused
by the release of human-made chemicals such as chlorofluorocarbons
(CFCs), halons, and other ozone-depleting substances (ODS). These
chemicals are commonly found in products like aerosol sprays,
refrigerants, and foam-blowing agents.

The consequences of ozone depletion are wide-ranging and have

significant impacts on human health, ecosystems, and the environment
➢ Increased UV Radiation: The ozone layer acts as a shield, absorbing
much of the sun’s harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Ozone depletion
allows more UV radiation to reach the Earth’s surface, leading to
higher rates of skin cancer, cataracts, and other health issues in
humans. UV radiation can also harm marine life, plants, and
microorganisms

➢ Climate Change: Ozone depletion is linked to climate change

because many ozone-depleting substances are also potent
greenhouse gases. While the ozone layer protects the Earth from UV
radiation, it also absorbs some of the Earth’s heat. As the ozone layer
thins, more heat escapes into space, contributing to changes in
global climate patterns.

➢ Ecosystem Disruption: UV radiation can damage the DNA of plants,

animals, and microorganisms, leading to reduced growth,
reproductive success, and biodiversity loss. Ozone depletion can
disrupt marine ecosystems by affecting phytoplankton, which form
the base of the marine food chain. Changes in UV radiation levels
can also impact terrestrial ecosystems by affecting plant growth and
nutrient cycling.

➢ Agricultural Impacts: Ozone depletion can harm crops by reducing

photosynthesis, altering plant metabolism, and increasing
susceptibility to pests and diseases. This can lead to decreased crop
yields and economic losses for farmers, particularly in regions with
high levels of UV radiation.

➢ Stratospheric Cooling: While ozone depletion leads to warming at

lower altitudes due to increased UV radiation, it causes cooling in the
stratosphere. This cooling can affect atmospheric circulation
patterns, weather systems, and the distribution of ozone-depleting
substances in the atmosphere.
1 Introduction

Many of human activities are badly affecting the atmosphere. Ozone

depletion is one of those examples . Life is protected from UV rays by
stratospheric ozone layer which acts as a shield or sun screen .
Approximately 90% ozone is present in stratosphere at the height of 10 to
17 kilometer and is called ozone layer while remaining 10% is present in
troposphere . Medium frequency UV radiations (200 nm to 315 nm) are
absorbed 97 to 99% by the ozone layer ] . Ozone (O3) is colourless just
like oxygen (O2) but it has very harsh odour. It is very rare as compared to
oxygen. It is estimated that out of 10 million air molecules about 2
millions are of O2 and only 3 are of ozone . The process of ozone
formation is called as photolysis. When the UV radiations from sun strike
the O2 molecules, it causes splitting of O2. Oxygen molecules react with
oxygen atoms in the upper atmosphere to form ozone. Stratospheric
ozone is measured from the ground in units called “Dobson Unit” (D.U) .
Normal ozone concentration is between 300 – 350 D.U .In our present
study, we shall discuss how ozone layer depletion is affecting human
health and we shall also discuss some recommendations to minimize
ozone depletion and its adverse effects on human health.

2.Ozone Layer
The ozone layer is basically naturally occurring gas in the region of
stratosphere where ozone particles are accumulated . Ozone layer is
also naturally broken down but there is a balance between its formation
and natural depletion. As a result the total amount of ozone remains
constant. But ozone layer thickness varies with altitude and seasonal
change. Ozone concentration is highest between 19 – 23 km . Most of
ozone is formed at equator where there is maximum sunshine but with
winds it travels at high altitude and get accumulated in stratosphere
Ozone Hole
Ozone hole is created in the region where ozone layer has been depleted.
The term “Ozone hole” is applied when the depletion level is below 200
Dobson Unit (D.U). Ozone holes are first discovered in Antarctica in 1970.
Few years ago ozone holes are also discovered in arctic region. Since
2000 rate of ozone depletion is increasing 0.5 percent per year . Due to
depletion of Ozone UV rays are penetrating in troposphere and leading to
more ozone formation in troposphere which is causing injurious effects
on our health as ozone is toxic for our body.
3.Causes of Ozone Depletion

Chlorofluorocarbons
Ozone depletion occurs when the natural balance between the
production and destruction of stratospheric ozone is disturbed. Although
natural phenomenon can cause ozone depletion but human activities
such as CFCs are now accepted as major cause of depletion . All ozone
depleting chemicals contain chlorine and bromine [10] . CFCs are highly
volatile and non combustible so they are very quickly evaporated and can
easily reach in stratosphere where ozone is present here they start
depleting ozone molecules. These CFCs have also adverse affects on
human health . According to the chemical model for ozone destruction
proposed about 20 years ago, the photolysis of Cl2O2 is key to ozone
depletion reaction. But now atmospheric researchers studied that the
rate of this reaction is not extremely high as it was thought previously so
we can no longer say that CFCs are the main cause of ozone ddepletio
Unregulated Launches of Rockets
Another major cause of large scale ozone depletion is Rocket launches.
It has been studied that unregulated rocket launches can result in much
more ozone depletion than CFCs. It is estimated that if rocket launches
will be let unregulated then it would cause huge ozone loss by the year
2050 than the CFCs have done

Global Warming
Global warming also leads to ozone layer depletion. Due to global
warming and green house effect most of the heat is trapped in
troposphere which is the layer below the stratosphere. As we all know
ozone is present in stratosphere so heat don’t reaches troposphere and
it remain cold as recovery of ozone layer requires maximum sunlight and
heat so it leads to depletion of ozone layer

4.Effects of Ozone Depletion

Ozone depletion is affecting the human health and environment
negatively, as it allows the penetration of UV radiations to reach the
Earth. These radiations can cause severe diseases in humans such as
skin cancer, eye damage and genetic mutations etc. ] . Furthermore the
ozone depletion is affecting the aquatic life, biogeochemical cycles, air
quality and also contributing in Global warming but in this review paper
our main focus is on the effects of ozone depletion on human health

Effects on Eyes
The major cause of blindness in this world is cataracts. There would be
0.3% - 0.6% increase in risk of cataract if there will be 1% decrease in
Ozone level ] . Eye lens can be damaged by oxidative agents. Oxidative
oxygen produced by UV radiation can severely damage eye lens and
cornea of eye is also badly damaged by UV radiation Photokeratitis,
cataract, blindness all are caused due to UV rays

Effects on Skin
Exposure to UV radiations can cause skin cancer. UV radiations alter the
structure of biomolecules and thus lead to different diseases Skin is the
most often exposed part of body to UV radiations There are two types of
skin cancer, Melanoma and Non-melanoma. Melanoma is most serious
form of cancer and is often fatal, while non-melanoma is most common
type and less fatal. Depletion of ozone layer leads to both Sun burn and
skin cancer . UV radiations are also responsible for breast cancer and
leukemia

Effects on Human Immunity

Exposure to UV radiations can also result in suppression of immune
response to skin cancer, infectious diseases and other antigens . The
immunosupression is due to changes in skin photoreceptors and antigen
presenting cells that are brought by UV radiations ] . More increase in
depletion of ozone results in more decrease in immune system
DNA Damage and Lung Diseases
Short exposure to UV-B radiations can cause the DNA damage because
UV radiations can disturb biomolecules such as lipids, proteins and
Nucliec acids. Due to UV-B radiations there would be cryptic
transposable elements which may lead towards the mutations which is
more dangerous than the immediate DNA damage . Excessive UV-B
radiation exposure results in the basal and squamous cells carcinomas.
These types of cancers are induced due to transcriptional errors during
DNA replication which are caused by changes in pyrimidine bases. The
ultimate cause of this whole mechanism is found to be the prolonged
exposure to UV radiations. It is estimated that there is increase of 2% of
incidence of these cancers by 1% depletion of ozone layer ] . Exposure to
UV radiations equally affects lungs. Bronchitis, obstruction of lungs,
Emphysema, asthma all can be resulted from UV radiations exposure

5.Conclusion and Recommendations:-

Ozone layer is continuously depleting which is highly alarming situation
of today. Chloroflourocarbons are major cause of ozone depletion. These
substances should be banned or we should use their alternatives so that
in future we can protect ourselves from the harmful effects of UV
radiation.
Human eye and skin are the most exposed part of the body to these
radiations. So there is high degree of incidence of blindness and skin
cancer disease increasing day by day with the depletion of ozone layer so
we should use sunglasses and full body clothes especially in summer
when there is high intensity of sunlight so that we can protect our body
from harmful UV radiations. We should also use sun block creams to our
most exposed parts of body like face.

We should also don’t consume water from lakes as it may contain high
quantity of hydrogen peroxide which is toxic to our bodies, and we should
consume water for drinking from clean water sources.