Subject: Surface Coating Technology-VII

(Technology of Powder Coatings & Industrial Paints)

B.Tech Eighth Semester Surface Coating Technology
Module 3
Topic: Marine paints
 MARINE COATING
It is a type of specialty coating in which the painting of ships and structural steel work, such as oil
and gas rigs, poses some of the most formidable problems in respect of corrosion protection that the
paint technologist has to face. Salt-water immersion or partial immersion, spray followed by drying
winds, are extremely aggressive environments. They call for the development of paints, which protect
the steel from which the ship's hull is constructed, by means of a number of different mechanisms
which we shall discuss briefly.

DIFFERENCE IN MARINE COATING AND

CONVENTIONAL COATINGS
Marine coatings are a type of protective coating used mostly in the marine environment to protect
ships, vessels, tankers, and other materials from saline water or fresh water.A marine coating has
specific functional properties; therefore, it can provide superior protection to the surfaces to which it
is applied.

Requirements are as following.

Anti-corrosive , Anti-fouling , Excellent protection against sea environment, It should be high build
coating ,Temperature resistance.
MARINE COATING RESINS:
Binder

1) Under water paints: Oil modified phenolic Resin, Phenolic condensate, epoxy, coaltar epoxy,
polyurethanes, ethyl silicates chlorinated robber, vinyl copolymers, vinyl tar.

2) Above water& other areas: Alkyds, acrylics, methyl acrylates, chlorinated rubber, polyesters
vinyls etc.

Coal tar Epoxy:

 It is also called modified epoxy in which all amine cured resins can be modified by
incorporation of up to 50 to 70 % of compatible coal tar pitch in the total binder content.

 The pitch acts as diluent, can produce very thick high build system.

 It has good alkali, and water resistance .

 Good flexibility, adhesion, and hardness.

 Excellent ability to withstand long term exterior exposure to adverse environment .

Epoxy Polyamide:

 It is a two component system containing two parts,

 part A consist of an epoxy resin, and

 part B is the epoxy curing agent called hardener epoxy resins begins with the reaction of
two compounds.

 Used in epoxy coating for protection against metallic corrosion,

 In Zinc-rich epoxy primers that contain 92-95 % zinc dust and 8-5 % binder, it has
resistant to salt water and chemical resistance.

Polyurethane :
  Polyurethane are based on the reaction product of isocyanates and certain oils or other
resins,

 it is tough, resistance to weathering used in topside enamel,

 it has excellent heat and chemical resistance .

Polyester-polyurethane:

 This is two component system of PU having good properties like,

 excellent resist to chemical, and excellent gloss retention, tough, color fast,

 hence often used in yacht hulls (above the water line)

 both parts are being mixed in 2 :1 by volume and has a working time of 3-4 hrs.

Alkyd Resins:

 These are the reaction product of polybasic acid and polyol and modified with oil.

 used in alkyd topside enamels

 it has high gloss, easy application, and good durability, so-called marine enamel.

Silicone Resins:

 These are semi-inorganic high polymers containing both silicone and carbon and
introduction phenyl group confers heat resistance,

 silicone resins will not cure at ambient temperature require heating,

 used in heat resistant coatings .

Epoxy Mastic :

 Epoxy Mastic is a high build, high solids two pack (has a base and hardener) resin.

 It is also a modified epoxy system in which mastic is used as modifier,

 which is adhesive composition, described as a filler, putty, or sometimes high built

coatings and it forms a thick protective film used in primers and topcoats with excellent
properties.

Chlorinated Rubber :

 These are used as one pack system,

  Chlorinated rubber resins resulting from the action of chlorine on natural or synthetic
rubber

 It has resistant to alkali, mineral acids, good physical properties.

Vinyl

 vinyl are the copolymer of vinyl chloride and minor amount of vinyl acetate which are
thermoplastic in nature and resulting from polymerization and copolymerization of vinyl
monomers,

 used in above and below waterline general use as tie coat for antifouling coating.

Acrylics:

 Acrylics are based on copolymerization or polymerization of acrylic

 It has resist to water, alkali, mineral oils, and greases lightfastness monomers and
electrical properties, these resins are closely related to vinyl.

SURFACE PREPARATION
 To obtain satisfactory performance from a paint system it is essential for millscale to be
removed. Not only does it contribute directly to corrosion but it will eventually become
detached from the steel surface.

 And is therefore an unsatisfactory substrate for painting, Surface preparation is vitally

important when one is seeking to obtain the best performance from a paint system.

 More recently, a number of alternative methods have been used including

1. acid pickling.

2. flame cleaning.

3. Grit blasting

the last-named is the most satisfactory and commonly used method of surface preparation today.

BLAST PRIMERS.
Blast primers are applied by spray immediately after blast cleaning.

Four types of blast primer are in common use.

1. Phenolic/polyvinyl butyral (PVB), acid cured, one-and two-pack compositions.

 2. Two pack cold curing epoxy compositions, pigmented with red iron oxide (and optionally
an inhibitive pigment such as chromate).

3. Two pack cold curing epoxy compositions, pigmented with zinc dust.

4. Zinc silicate one-and two-pack compositions.

PAINT SYSTEMS FOR SHIPS

 The subsequent painting of ships during and after construction is a highly complex
technology

 It has been indicated, different surfaces require different treatment

 Each surface requires a system, since it is impossible to combine all the requirements for
any one surface within one paint.

 Thus multi-coat systems are essential Typical system would be

1. Primer

2. under coat

3. topcoat.

 for any one type of paint it has become the convention to apply several coats to build up
film thickness to minimize corrosion occurring
Topside and superstructure paints
Modern high-performance systems are based on a wide range of binders include epoxies,
polyurethanes, and chlorinated rubber.

 Two- Pack polyurethanes are mostly used in topcoat enamels.

 The topside paints following performance property is must:

1. Weather resistance

2. Humidity

3. Colour retention

High gloss
 Typical system would be

Dry film thickness(µm)

Primer, 50

Undercoat, two coat 200

Topcoat, one coat 50

Boottoppings
The bottoping area under water at the time of loading and above when unloading, following are
the paint performance property required;
 1. Salt water resistance

2. Chemical resistance

3. Weather resistance

4. Antifouling

Thus it is usual to employ the same anti-fouling as is used on the bottom.

 In this category the chlorinated rubbers perform very well because of their excellent
intercoat adhesion.

 This is particularly important because of the damage to the paint system from abrasion
and impact with fender and quays, and the consequent need for frequent repainting With
VLCCs fouling can also major problem in the boot topping area,

Bottom paints
Bottom part of ship is always under the sea water the main paint performance property
requirement as follows:

1. Antifouling

2. Abrasion resistance

3. high build
 4. Salt water resistance

 The paints are thus usually chocolate brown or black but this is of no real significance.

 Aesthetic reason are not predominant it is possible to formulate such paints at lower cost
without sacrificing performance,

 The incorporation of coal tar The paints are thus usually chocolate brown or black but
this is of no real significance.

The proportions of coal tar in an epoxy coal tar thick coating. The proportions of coal tar in an
epoxy coal tar thick coating can be varied over a wide range.
Anti-fouling coatings:
The problem of fouling

 Marine organisms, both plant and animal, are able to attach themselves to the hulls of
ships.

 Plant growth requires some daylight to sustain it, so attachment occurs to the sides of the
hull in the upper regions of the underwater area.

 The most common of these are of the genus Enteromorpha, seaweeds that have long
green tubular filaments that grow very rapidly under favorable conditions.
Conventional anti-foulings:
These are two types of conventional anti-fouling paints, classified according to their mode of
action. These are generally known as

1. soluble matrix.

2. contact type.
Modern anti-foulings:
 Serval organo-tin derivatives have now Become established as toxicants in the marine.
The principal ones are:

1. Tributyltin oxide.

2. Tributyltin fluoride.

3. Triphenyltin fluoride.

The advantages claimed for the new organo-tin polymer anti-foulings include.

(1) Constant rate of release of toxicant.

(2) Controllable rate of erosion and toxicant release.

(3) Self-cleaning (and at high erosion rates, self-polishing).