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Class 10 – IT 402 ICT Skills – II – Notes

24/04/2023 by Team LearnCSE

Table of Contents
1. Unit 3 – Information and Communication Technology Skills – II
1.1. Operating System
1.1.1. Functions of an Operating System
1.1.2. Types of an Operating System
1.1.3. Windows 10 and their Components
1.2. Managing Files and Folders
1.2.1. File System
1.2.1.1. What is a hierarchical file system (HFS)
1.2.1.2. Role of File System
1.3. Care and Maintenance of a Computer
1.3.1. Computer Maintenance
1.3.2. 1. Hardware Maintenance
1.3.2.1. Cleaning of the Harware Components
1.3.3. 2. Software Maintenance
1.3.3.1. Virus
1.3.3.1.1. Sign of Virus Attack
1.3.3.1.2. Protecting Computer Against Virus
1.3.3.2. Antivirus Software
1.3.3.2.1. Temporary Files
1.3.3.3. Removing Spam from Mail Accounts

Unit 3 – Information and Communication Technology Skills – II

Operating System

It is low-level software that supports a computer’s functions and devices. It controls the
operations of a computer system and directs the processing of programs by assigning the
storage space in permanent or temporary memory and controls all input, process and output
functions.
Functions of an Operating System

1. Processor Management
2. Memory Management
3. Device Management
4. File Management
 5. Security
6. Error Detection
7. Job Scheduling

Types of an Operating System

1. Single-user Operating System

2. Multi-user Operating System
3. Graphical / Command Line Interface
4. Multitasking Operating System
5. Multithreading Operating System
6. Real Time Operating System (RTOS)
7. Distributed Operating System

Windows 10 and their Components

1. Starting Windows
2. Desktop
3. Icons
4. Menu
5. Taskbar
The Start Button
The Middle Section
Notification Area

Managing Files and Folders

File System

A file system is a process of managing how and where data on a storage disk, which is also
referred to as file management and FS. It is a logical disk component that compresses files
separated into groups, which is known as directories.
There are two file systems used in Windows Operating System:
1. NTFS – It is the file system, which stands for NT (New Technology) File System and
stores and retrieves files on Windows NT operating system and other versions of
Windows like Windows 2000, XP, 7, 8, 10 etc.
2. FAT – It is the file system, which stands for File Allocation Table and developed by an
organization to allocate the files or folders in memory .

The most commonly usable file system is NTFS and the basic difference between NTFS and
FAT is, we can transfer more than 4 GB file in NTFS but in FAT file system, we cannot transfer
file more than or equal to 4 GB.
What is a hierarchical file system (HFS)
HFS (Hierarchical File System) is the file system that is used on a Macintosh (Mac.) computer
for creating a directory at the time a hard disk is formatted. Generally, its basic function is to
organize or hold the files on a Macintosh hard disk.
Role of File System

Creating a new Folder

Creating a new File
Renaming a File/Folder
Deleting a File/Folder
Restore a File/Folder
Permanent Delete a File/Folder
Copying or Moving a File/Folder from One Drive to Another

Care and Maintenance of a Computer

Computer Maintenance

Computer maintenance refers to the practice of keeping computers in good condition so that
they can work efficiently. The maintenance of computers can be classified into two categories
– Hardware and Software
1. Hardware Maintenance

It refers to the maintenance of the hardware components of the computer i.e., monitor,
keyboard, CPU cabinet, mouse and any other peripheral device used with the computer.
Cleaning of the Harware Components

2. Software Maintenance

It refers to the cleaning of the software installed in the computer. It involves the scheduled
disk cleanup tasks, protection against viruses, removal of the temporary and unwanted files.
Virus

A computer virus is a malicious software program loaded onto a user’s computer without the
user’s knowledge and performs malicious actions.
They are always induced by people. Once created and released, however, their diffusion is
not directly under human control. After entering a computer, a virus attaches itself to another
program in such a way that execution of the host program triggers the action of the virus
simultaneously. It can self-replicate, inserting itself onto other programs or files, infecting
them in the process. Not all computer viruses are destructive though. However, most of them
perform actions that are malicious in nature, such as destroying data.
Sign of Virus Attack

Protecting Computer Against Virus

Antivirus Software

Software that is created specifically to help detect, prevent and remove malware (malicious
software).
Antivirus is a kind of software used to prevent, scan, detect and delete viruses from a
computer. Once installed, most antivirus software runs automatically in the background to
provide real-time protection against virus attacks.
Comprehensive virus protection programs help protect your files and hardware from malware
such as worms, Trojan horse and spyware, and may also offer additional protection such as
customizable firewalls and website blocking.
Temporary Files

Temporary files are the kind of files that store temporary data that is created by Windows
(OS) itself or the program that users use. These files help the computer runs smoothly when
you use related programs or tasks. They are also known as foo file and it has .temp as an
extension.
Steps to remove temporary files from computer system
1. Click on Windows button and type “%temp%” in search box.
2. Press enter. The temporary files folder will be open.
3. Select all files and folders and press delete button.

Removing Spam from Mail Accounts

Notes
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