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Ch-Motion Together With Class 9

NCERT Exercises with the extra questions

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Harshagunjot Kaur
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73 views

Ch-Motion Together With Class 9

NCERT Exercises with the extra questions

Uploaded by

Harshagunjot Kaur
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
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iu on , MOTION Ss fous es CHAPTER AT A GLANCE — Measurement of Motion i a ‘ciao 5 Velocity . | Ee Resets tad) «Velo ot Body ts tne’ as ts) + Accolerain 's Cet RRR | iy Soeur displacement er unt time of change of velocity ota ay | Distance traveled Displacement + St unit is mvs". | Speed = Timeiaien Nelocty = “Tine taken Acceleration, a | + Slunt of speed is mis + Stunt of vloty is mis | + When the body ravels at varying speeds duieg a+ The average vloctyof a body is defined (ie charges Journey, ten average speed is cacuated as total as total displacement of a body divided Time | distance raved died bythe total me taken, by toa ime taken ne | Totaldistance vvelee __ Toaldigplacement | ‘Average speed = —“Total time ten — Avene velocty = “Tota ime taken | 7 | | Distance oo ee a ea a ald aaa plexed ae a Motion along circular path * unit is metre(m). i ves along a | emernin) straight line, Le, x-coordinate, eT ete | + Ris known as one-dimensional i Displacement 0 onal in uniform circular mation. LL, + The shorts stance tom intl positon of an poten, rretlinear mation of + Angular velocity («) object its final postion scaled displacement, PMC ular displacement + Sluntismete (a), = Aone dence eas ‘Types of motion in a straight line = ] ; Uniform motion: I body covers equal distances 0! motion ‘elocty~Time ration or 1st mation {in equalinerals of time in a straight ne then i (ROUEN, | Terapia re | gsi ts emer Pas) ‘sstion—Time relation or 2nd equation of mation | ‘Non-Uniform motion: If a body covers unequal |» distances in given equal intervais of time, then its tinued from previous page (vt) graph In time interval (t,~ t,) | displacement = s, - s, — Yintercept | Slope = iniercept | ei Velocity Graphical Roprosentation of Motion: Motion can be represented graphically by plotting displacoment-time (s-0) graph. and. velocity-time Velocity-Time graph i t i — Uno retardation Motion 224 The slope of displacement-time graph gives the velocity of the object. i ! ———__», — ero acolration or ‘constant veioaty ‘The slope of velocity-time graph gives the acceleration of the moving body. Slope of v-t graph for time (t, ~ t,) = Yintercept _ 5~5; = Xintercept = %=% = OB=0A _ v-u t Dede aie = Acceleration i 222 Topether wth NCERT BASED ACTIVITIES tivity/Project 1 ee o To plot s+ graph fre Onjective af stop watch, Materials Required: A stop Method 3. Selecting 4, Find the slope of gra Type of motion: e velocity Averag Activity/Project 2 Objective Materials Required Method Conclusion Nature of motion: Slope of graph Total displacement NCERT INTEXT QUESTIONS - An object has moved through a distance. Can have zero displacement? If yes, support your answer with an example. Ans. Yes, an object can have zero displacement even if thas moved through a distance. For example, iffan athlete runs around a circular path of radius ‘P and comes back to initial point, then distance covered = 21, displacement = zero, © A farmer moves along the boundary ofa square field of side 10 m in 40 s. What will be the magnitude of displacement of the farmer at the end of 2 minute 20 seconds fromhis initial served point on the 1. Start from a ry five minutes, 2, After eve Slope of graph ae 1 with driver, graph paper stop watch is stat, it does not stop till rropriate scale, Pl ‘and displacement on y-axis. sph, ruler, pencil Ans, a average velocity, and calculate averag y quantities 2 as hnway and set the odometer and stopwatch at zepy a down the odometer reading. Note that once the ‘ote down the one hour is over. Jot a displacement time graph with time on xy, iph plotted by you: : / te the acceleration of a body by plotting graph from given data and interpret 1, Collect the given data, table and graph sheet. 2. Select appropriate scale and plot time on X-axis and velocity on Y-axis. 3, Plot a graph using the given data. 4. Caleulate the slope of the graph for different time intervals. Distance covered by farmer 4, : in40s = 40m, ic. perimeter of the square field. If he completes one round in 40s, = then in 2min 205, ie. 1405, he completes 140 rounds. Thus, if he starts from point B (see figure), ‘and reaches at point D, Displacement, BD Diagonal of square length of diagonal ide V2 = 10/2 =10x 1414 14.14 m Zer9, NCE the erpret nicrotthe following is t7¥ for splacemeney ranot be zero. i) eat % gs magnitude is greater than distan travelled by the object. ce be zer0 if the : Point. Thus cement can never be Thus this is «vist « Under what condition(s) is the magnitude of erage velocity of an object is equal to average peed? us When the object travels along a straight line elled = averag path, then distance tr isplacement hence, average sp 6 What does the odometer of an automobile measure? The odometer of an a distance covered by i smobile measures the 1. What does the path of an object look like when itis in uniform mo n? 4 Inuniform motion, an object can move along ‘ay kind of path, but its speed must remain constant * During an experiment, a signal from a spaceship "ached the ground station in five minutes. What as the distance of spaceship from the ground Station? The signal travels at the speed of light, 310° mst, x 10° ms”! Speed of signal, c = ime taken by the signal, 1= 5) Ans, ®& Ans. 11 13. Ans. When wit x 10! m will you say a bo ‘ secre oy 8 DRY in @) enter A bus decreases its speed from 80 km/h to 60 km/h in Ss. Find the acceleration of the bus. Initia Final kmh relocity, » = 60 km/h Time, 1 = 5s = eration, a = A train starting from a railway station and moving with uniform acceleration attains a speed of 40 km/h in 10 minutes. Find its acceleration, Initial velocity, u = 0 km hr, Final velocity y = 40 kmhr Time, ¢ = 10min = ¢ h 40-0 Acceleration, a = [NG = 240 km/h? . What is the nature of distance-time graphs for uniform and non-uniform motions of an object? . For uniform motion: The graph is a straight line inclined on the x-axis. For non uniform motion: The graph can take any shape: zig-zag or curve. What can you say about the motion of an object whose distance-time graph is a straight line parallel to time axis? When distance-time graph is a str lelito time axis, then the body is at rest t line 224 “Tagether with? Science—9 the motion of an object say about 14, What can you say in traight Hine parallel ifits speed-time graph is to time axis? Fi speed-time graph of ee ae ais then the object constant speed. 15. What is the quantity which is meas area occupied below the veloci .. Area under velocity-time graph = displacement of the body. 16. Abus starting from rest moves with a uniform acceleration of 0.1 ms for 2 minutes. Find (a) the speed acquired, (b) the distance travelled. ‘Ans. Initial velocity, w = Om y = 2, Acceleration, a Time, ¢ = 2 min = 120s (@) Speed, v an object is parallel An avels at ured by the ime graph? 1 ms* 0 +0.1 x 120 (12)°- (0)? 2x01 20 m 17. A train is travelling at a speed of 90 kmh”. Brakes are applied so as to produce a uniform acceleration of - 0.5 ms~. Find how far will the train go before it is brought to rest. 90 km/h = 90 x => ms! S; 18 5 ms Ans, Initial velocity, u Final velocity, » Acceleration, a NCERT EXERCISES 1. An athlete completes one round of a circular track of diameter 200 m in 40 s, What will be the distance covered and displacement at the end of 2 minutes 20 s? [CBSE 2015) Ans. Let athlete runs around a track of centre O, 0.5 ms* Radius of track, r = = 100 Rounds completed in 40) Rounds completed in 2 200 2 Distance: while going down an inclined pian, 18. A trolley, B = has an acceleration of 2 cm/s”. What willbe after the start? u = 0, Acceleration, a = 2 gy velocity 3 s Ans, Initial veloct s?, Time t Final velocit u+at=04+2%3= 60m, 19. Aracing car has a uniform acceleration of 4 my 2. What distance will it cover 10s after the 3s start? Ans. Initial velocity, Acceleration, @ = 4ms 0, Time, t = 10s lop Distance, s = ut + > at =0+5 x4 (10)? = 200 m 20. A stone is thrown in vertically upward direction with a velocity of 5 ms~'. If the acceleration of, the stone during its motion is 10 ms” in the downward direction, what will be the height attained by the stone and how much time will it take to reach there? Ans. Initial velocity, 1 = 5 ms“, Final velocity, 0 (as the stone stops at the highest point) Acceleration, a = v Height, h = Time taken, ¢ = 140 140s = te ie. aa Distance covered = 3.5 times circumference 5 x nr 2 100 = 200m and A to the other end B in 2 minutes 30 second pe 2, x [CBSE 2015] 1 Joseph jogs from A to B and back to C as ans. Let shown. <——_—— 0 m > 10 m $= 100m 18 (@) From A to B, 5. distance covered = displacement = 300 m Time taken = 2 minutes 30s = 150s Average speed = average velocity 300 m 4 - iis 150s 5 () From AtoC, distance covered = 300 m + 100 m = 400 m si Total time = 150s + 60s = 210s a Average speed = Si, = 1.9 ms However, displacement = 300 m- 100 m = 200m Total time = 210s 200m 1 = 09 ms 710 Signet Average velocity 3. Abdul, while driving to school, computes the average speed for his trip to be 20, km/h. On his return trip along the same route, there is less traffic and the average spetd is 30 km/h. ‘What is the average speed for Abdul's trip? ‘Ans. Let distance between Abdul's home and school bex. Time taken by Abdul from home to school, x = 39h P Time taken by Abdul fromschool to home, a= ah Total time, t = t, +f Motion 225 Displacement, s = ut + x3 x (8 =96m x8+ A driver of a car travelling at 52 km/h applies the brakes and accelerates uniformly in the opposite direction. The car stops in 5 s. Another driver going at 3 km/h in another car applies brakes slowly and stops in 10 s. On the same graph paper, plot the speed versus time graphs for the two cars. Which of the two cars travelled farther after the brakes were appli iv i Car? 2 0 Ee x pr ar Time (9) —> Speed of car A = 52 km/h = 52x 7g mis = 144 mis Speed of car B = 34 km/h = 34x ms = 94 mis Distance covered by car 1 = area of AABC ae 7 * BC x AB 5x 14.4) m ='36.0 m 2 = area of ABDE 20 = 0 + 108 Fig apie as? Ses 20 AsO shows distane ; ye figure J graph an é one tea, Band C-Study the era time, = 28 objects or the following qu jestions: graph for a car is shown: e speed-time ae far does the car travel in first 4, ind how Shade the area on the graph that represen, - cd by the car during the 8. the distance travelles period. (&) Which part of the graph represents uniform motion of the car? ds op 12 18 Tee (hou) —> g the fastest? (@) Which of the three is travel (b) Are all three ever at the same point on the (€) How far has C tre elled when B passes A? (d) How far has B travelled by the time it passes Time(s) ce Ans. (a) The slope of graph of object Bis maximum, Ans. (a) Distance travelled in 4 s = area of shaded Thus object B is travelling the fastest. tepon: (6) No, all three are never at the same point on (8) The speed-time graph is parallel to x-axis the road as the graphs are not intersecting from r= 5s tor = 10s. Thus, the motion ata single point of the body is uniform during this time. (©) When B crosses A, i.e. at point D, then corresponding position of C Ewill be 7 km from the start 9. State which of the following situations are e. at point possible and give an example of each of these: La) an object with a constant acceleration but with zero velocity. | (4) B crosses C at point F. Corresponding sition on graph is 4.5 km from the sta -F a sition on graph is 4.5 km from the start (6) an object moving with an acceleration but - A ball is gently dropped from a height of 20 ~ with uniform speed. im If its velocity increases uniformly at the Fate of 10 ms~, with what velocity will it st ik om ee eat peace the ground? After what time will it ate ee aa a Ans. (2) When an object is thro vards, it comes — ete ‘own upwards, i ial velocity of ball, u = 0 (as j Enea io 2 momentary rest at the highest poitt gut acceleration due ithe earth still acts Height,h = 20 m, Hi Acceleration, a Final velocity, y ? 2, Time, t +245 seh Y=0+2x 1g orFinal velocity, = 29 pet vEutar Here, tion, the speed there is varying’ Ne (© When an object is thro Motion 22% direction, then during it motion i, A™ Radius, = 42059 fom Time; 1-0 horizontal di celeration d c x cration due to Speed = Circumfere, gravity of earth acts in vertic, eS ee oe gravity all - direction, Y downward Grn ficial = 2%3.14x 42250 10, An artificial satellite is moving in ¢ « CI x S 2 in a circul; orbit of radius 42250 km. Calculate i, ro bd peididemen iit takes 24 h to revolve around the earth, = 3.07 kms SOLVED QUESTION BANK Very Short Answer/Objective Type Questions [1 Mark] 4. Motion of bodies 4 and B is depicted by the 1, Equations of motion can be used for a body ++ graph. Then which of the following is/are having incorrect? (@) uniform motion s p x A () non-uniform motion (©) uniform acceleration (@) non-uniform acceleration Ans. (c) A: A has uniform motion. 2. The slope of the x ~¢ graph is a measure of BB has less velocity than A initially xm) C: Berosses A at X % DA comes to rest at X 4 (a) Only A 2 (6) Only B and C oot +23 4 a (©) Only B, C and D Z roe a (@) All of them (a) velocity = 2 ms“'(b) acceleration= 5 ms eae : 2 (©) velocity = $ ms™(d) acceleration = 2ms 5. The »-¢ graph for the x-¢ graph given here is best drawn as (©) 500 m Ans. veu fer with® Science—9 (©) ms") : Ta 1746 810 © ve e vine) Hs) Osta Ans. (d) 6. From thex~¢ graph, one can draw the following conelus 24 Eb they Ae ay <4 Bi vy< is negative C:¥¢p is the least by magnitude D+ acceleration is uniform (@) Only A is correct (©) Only A, B (@ Only Dis Ans. (c) Ans. Ans, Ans. 10. Ans, 1. @ In a uniformly accelerated motion, A:y—f graph is a straight line not parallel tg tor y axis. 4 B: x-f graph is not a straight line, C: Slope of y -¢ graph vari D: Slope of x - ¢ graph is constant. (a) Only A is correct (6) Only A and B are correct (c) Only A, B and C are correct (d) Only B, C and D are correct (6) Area below » ~¢ graph is a measure of be Displacement (@) Angular acceleration (@) Acceleration (©) Angular speed (6) If the velocity of a body is reducing, it is said to have (@) Negative acceleration7 (6) Retardation y (©) Positive acceleration @yBoth (a) and () wy For a body moving in a straight line, there can be situations with A:v=0,a40 vt Bia=0,v20 a) Only A is correct ©) Only B is correct (©) Both A and B are correct 13, Ifthe v -¢ graph is a the time axis, then @a=0 traight line inclined to ) aro (©) a = constant #0 (d) a4 constant +0 3. (C) , Abody starting at a point, say A, reaches, say B, ahead in a straight line and returns back to A. Then there is (a) positive (b) negative displacement (©) zero displacement (d) cannot be said © 5, Acar accelerates u km/h in 5 minutes. The lacement from 18 km/h to 36 eleration is (a) Sms? (6) 1 km/s* (©) 216 ms* (d) 216 km/h? u= 15 km/h, v = 36 km/h, ¢ = 5 min = 35h vou _ 36-18 - t i (12) ie, option (d) is correct a= = 216 km/s* A body moves in a circle of radius 5 m with a speed of S ms“. Then it has A: an acceleration of 5 ms™ B: an acceleration varying with direction alone (a) Only A is correct () Only B is correct (©) Both A and B are correct (d) Neither A nor B is correct. () . Aman walks and then tu same speed. (@) 5/2 NE © 5/2 Sw Ans. (a) is correct Motion 229 18, The displacement of the bod the beginning of the motion is v(miseo) 5 seconds from ° 18 Fiseq) @ 25m (6) 100 m (©) 87.5 m @ 50m Ans. Displacement = Area of AABC 1 a= 55x20 =50m i.e. option (d) is correct. 19, Pranesh with a speed of 18 km/h and Srinidhi is standing on the platform. Then Pranesh is at rest according to another passenger in the train. B: Srinidhi is moving according to Pranesh C: Pranesh is moving according to Srinidhi D:: Pranesh is moving according to the train ‘Then the incorrect options are Sa ALD ) BC © B,D @ OnlyD Ans> (a) ph shown here depicts the motion such that non-zero acceleration acceleration. ime graph gives ACERT Serene Slope of a velocity: na merry-B0- joying a ride o1 fi tant speed of (b) the displacement F Suppose a boy is enji round which is moving with a cons stance 10 ms“, It implies that the boy is (a) the dist 7 as x NCERT Exemplar Problem] Rid ite secelerstien (2) Sorina (a) at rest ns. (C) het ng with no acceleration 26, In which of the followin: (b) moving wit s .d and the magnitude of the distance move displacement are equal? CERT Exemplar Prob {(¢} in accelerated motion (a) moving with uniform velocity. Ans. (c) : 22, Area under a v-f graph represents a physical (Aca is moving om 3 awe as eS — Ee ner @) Acar is moving in a circular path (c) The pendulum is moving to and fro @ m oym © m @ ms* (@ The earth is revolving around the Sun Ans. (6) Ans. (a) Fourcars A,B,C and D are moving on alevelled 27. Match the Column I with Column II road. Their distance versus time graphs are x shown in figure. Choose the correct statement Cotemel 1 - oe ) [NCERT Exemplar Problem] 1. Displacement per__| (4) Displacement second Distance per second \(B) Uniform circular Negative acceleratioh }{/ motion Constant acceleratior io, Velocity ‘Area under v-t graph'\) (D) Retardation 1) Speed Tie LW Saree (a) Car A is faster than car D. Ans. 1. (C), 2. (B), 3. (D), 4. (B), 5. (A) (@) CarB isthe slowest 28. Equations of motion are applicable for (©) Car D is faster than car C. accelerated motion. (@) Car Cis the slowest. Ans, uniformly Ans, (6) 29, ‘The maximum displa i ss " icement between two points Which of the following igures represent ina circular path of radius r can be ‘uniform motion of a moving object correctly? ANS. 2r INCERT Exemplar Probie ion of a body whose y-t graph is 1 axis is ys (0) OA: Uniform acceleration; AB : Constant velocity (0) Velocity after 10s = 20 ms"; velocity after 40s = zero (0 Negative acceleration = slope of BC = 0-20 = 40 (@ Distance travelled between 10th and 30th second = Area of rectangle ABEF = AB x AF = (30 - 10) (20) = 400m Motion 237 90. White arrivin, Jayant el Uniform pee 8 Jayant travels 30 km with a mie 1 of 40 km/h and next 30 km with ‘Om speed of 20 km/h. Find his average f 4 a (CBSE 2011) s+ Distances, s, = 30 km; 5, = 30 km Speeds, », = 40 km/h; v, = 20 km/h To find average speed ,) Average speed = Totaldistance _ 51+ 52 age speed Total time 4th 5, + 5) = 30 km + 30 km = 60 km _ 30 = j= 0%5h a 30 ~ t= B= 5p = 1Sh 1 += 075 +15 =225h _ 60km Yo = Soep = 16.67 km/h 31, Acar is moving along a straight line. It moves from 0 to P in 18 s and returns from P to Q in 6 s. Find its average velocity and average speed in going from (i) 0 to P and (ii) 0 to P and back to Q. {CBSE 2012] ° @ p 2 © 40m 80m 120m 760m 200m 240m 260m 320m 360m 400m ns, Distance OP = 360 m, PQ = 360 - 240 = 120 m and OQ = 240 m OP () From O to P, average speed = Average velocity = ~j~ = (i) Distance OP + PQ = 360 + 120 = 480m Time = 18s + 6s lacement = OQ = 240 m A powerful . {CBSE 2016) (@) What it travel in that time? is it ame device that measures distance travelled yy automobiles. A body travels a distance of 151m from A to B and then moves a distance of 20 m at right angle to AB. Calculate the total distance travelled and the displacement. [CBSE 2016) 's, An odometer measures the distance travelled in automobiles. ¢ 20m k = BS Let body moves 20 m from B to C. AB + BC = 15m +20m=35m ‘AB? + BC? + (20)? Distance Displacement = AC Vas = (O25 = 25m 100 m along is moving with a constant velocity of 0 kmh". Find the time it takes to cross the bridge 1 km long. (b) The slope of the line on a positi time graph reveals information ab (6) (@ The object is at rest (ii) The object is moving at constant velocity (iii) The motion of the object is non. uniform. e brakes applied to a car produce an acceleration of 6 ms~ in the opposite direction to the motion. If the car takes 2 s to stop after the application of brakes, calculate the distance it travels during this time. (CBSE 2016) 6 ms Ans, Acceleration, @ = Final velocity, v Time, t Initial velocity, u = Distance travelled, s = 2m 96. ‘The graph given below shows the position of a body at different times. Calculate the speed of the body as it moves from: Distance (em) —> pests tree Time (s)—>- ca B @) Bc {cBse 206) 4.) Define average speed, * ( Abus travels a distance of 120 speed of 40 ki of 30 km m with a hand returns with a speed Calculate the average speed for the entire journey. (CBSE 2012) (@) Average speed isthe total distance travelled by a body divided by the total time taken (6) = 120 km, u, = 40 km/h, s _ 120 ey ie 40. a = 30 km/h, t, = © = 120 © uy = 30 km, t, = 7p-= 420 = gy Average speed = = 17.14 km/h $8, Study the given graph and answer the following questions, ( Which part of the graph shows accelerated motion? i) Which part of the graph shows retarded motion? (ii) Calculate the distance travelled by the body in first 4 seconds of journey graphically. (CBSE 2012] 1) M* (AB shows unif Ans, 100, Motion 239 Speeds v, = 9 km/h, y, = 7 Times 1, = 10 min = (1/6)h,1, = 20 min = 5 Average speed, v,, = 12 \em/h Average speed = Total distance Total time “hy + Vol we or (@) Define uniform acceleration. What is the acceleration of a body moving with uniform velocity? (6) A particle moves over three quarters of a circle of radius r. What is the magnitude of its displacement? (CBSE 2011) . (a) The acceleration of a body is said to be uniform if ts velocity increases or decreases by equal amounts in equal intervals of time. When a body moves with uniform velocity. its acceleration is zero. (b) If a particle starts from A and stops at C, then displacement = AC orem, AC = r /2 the motion of an object ht line parallel to on of the object. object. time graph for {CBSE 2011) P Science—9 prm motion (b) Zero speed-time graphs of two cars Esented by P and Q as shown below: eee are 104. What does the odometer of an automobile measure? Which of the following is moving faster? Justify your answer. (@ A scooter moving with a speed of 300 m per minute. (i) A car moving with a speed of 36 km per (a) Find the difference in the distance travelled eae = maby the two cars (in m) after 4 s, Jo they ever move with the same speed? If eee a Ted when? Ans. The odometer of an automobile measures the Beng) Wat type of motion car P and Q are @) Speed of scooter = 300 m/min undergoing? — 300m _. (a) Distance travelled byP = area of AABC ae ¥ 1 (©) Speed of car = 36 knvh 3 xBCx AC 53 4 es 36x 5 mst=10ms fF xox4 Thus, car is moving faster 2m 105. A car travels from sto it ls from stop A to stop B with a speed ( Distance travelled by Q = area of ADEC of 30 km/h and then returns back to A with a AD x AC speed of $0 km/h. Find Of the car. —_(cRSE 2011 lent of the car = zero, as it to initial point 103. A boy runs for 9 km/h. At what next 20 min so to 12 kmp Total time = 10) 0) ~ Total distance travelled Total time taken Ps = §/150 = 375 kb? ar wones with 2 speed of 30 km/h for halt ar, 25 ken for one hour and 40 km/h for S noors. Calculate the average speed of the a Total distance travelled yg sorte PES = “Total time taken Jue =05h+1h+2h=35h pisance = (30 0.5) + (25 1) + (40 x2) [2s distance = speed x time] = 15 +25 + 80 = 120km soerage speed = *29E™ — 34.28 koh : Abas accelerates uniformly from 54 km/h to 72kmih in 10 seconds. Calculate: @ acceleration in m/s* @ distance covered by the bus in metres daring this interval. [CBSE 2011) ie x= St kemlh = 54x 2 m/s = 15 ms, y = 72 km/h = 72x 5 mis = 20 m/s,1 = 105 ae 20-385, oa (20)?- (15)? : (2x05) ‘raw the shape of the distance-time graph for and non-uniform motion of object. ‘bus starting from rest moves with uniform ‘“Seleration of 0.1 ms” for 2 minutes. Find = 05 m/s* = 175m |. Dis Motion 241 Py 0, ta = oxo = 720m Acar travels at 54 km/h for first 20 s, 36 km/h for next 30 s and finally 18 km/h for next 10 s. Find its average speed. - Speeds : y, = 54 km/h = 15 m/s; v, = 36 km/h = 10 mis, v, = 18 km/h = 5 mis Time 20s, 1, = 05,1, = 108 Distance: 5, = 15 x 20 = 300m 5, = 10 x 30 = 300m 5,=5%10=50m Total distance: =s,+5,+55 300 + 300 + 50 = 650 m Lthth 20s + 30s + 10s = 60s Average speed = ©? = 10,83 mis Total time inguish between uniform motion and non-uniform motion. Is uniformly accelerated motion uniform motion? Give one example each of uniform and non-uniform motion. () When a body travels equal distance in equal intervals of time, its motion is uniform. When the body travels unequal distance in equal intervals of time, its motion is non-uniform. (i) No (ii) Example of Uniform motion: A car moving on a straight road with constant speed. Example of Non-uniform motio1 moving in a crowded market. Acar 11L. The speedometer readings of a car are shown Find the acceleration of the car and its 36 kny/h, 22 km/h with? Science—9 fea S=ut+ 5ar 1 x 1200 x 1200 = 10x 1200 + 5 x 739 % 12001 = 12000 + 6000 = 18000 m = 18 km particle moves 3 m north then 4m east and nally 6 m south. Calculate the displacement. : [CBSE 2012], P The particle starts from 0, moves to A, then to B, then reaches D. 4 OA =3m A AB=4m amd BD =6m Netr Since, BC = AO = 3m i > CD=3m OC=AB=4m : Displacement = OD = VOC? + CD* (Pythagoras theorem) Thus, OD = /(4)'+@)? = V16+9 =5 m Long Answer Type Questions [5 Marks] 113. Answer the following questions: (0 An object moves on a circular path of radius r. What will be the distance and displacement when it completes half revolution? (Gi) Give the name of physical quantity that corresponds to the rate of change of velocity and write its ST unit, Why is the motion ina circle with constant Speed called a¢ (ii) Ans. (i) Ww (ii) motion. 114, Draw velocity ti initial velocity 4 ‘acceleration ‘a’, i ee Se ut + 5ar", Ans. Slope of graph = @ sceleration vou a=" or p=u tat p s=areaofABCD JA ip 1 (ap + CD)(AD) “™™—> f wtvyO aa 1 5 = 1 (u+u + at) (6 (from first equation it + Qu + ate =ut+ 5 ar 1 (ru) op (ee Ba or s or v=? + as ‘5. Define uniform circular motion. Is it an accelerated motion? If yes, what is the direction of acceleration? Give an example of this type of motion? (CBSE 202) Ans. Uniform circular motion: (© A body moving with uniform speed along a circular path is said to be in uniform circular motion. (@) Direction of motion changes at everyppitt Thus, velocity changes though speed s Constant. Thus, it is also called accelerated motion, path. Direction of velocity S tangent drawn at any poi! & Show that the slop gives acceleration Velocity change et Tore mien intercept in y= graph ws @ ~ y= intercept in v a or @ = Slope of v-t graph Hence, proved. (b) Initial velocity w = 0 ‘Acceleration a = 3 ms? Time t= 35s Velocity of taken off = » = u + at 43x35 = 105ms" Length of runway al tates = 18375 m 117. The velocity-time graph for motion of two bodies A and B is shown. Read the graph carefully and answer the following questions: (b) Which of the velocity (b) i (©) Atwhat time i same? (d) What are the =1s? Motion 243 (©) What is the change in the velocity of body B in an interyal of 2 s? (a) Att = 2s, velocity of A, v, velocity of B, v, = 20 ms"! 4 = 30 ms", y, = 40 mst (b) Ahas constant velocity and B has increasing velocity, (c) Atr = 35, velocity of both A and B is same, ive, 30 ms (d) Att = 15,v, = 30:ms*andv, = 10 ms (e) In 2's, velocity of B changes from 0 to 20 ms Avy = 20 ms . The graph given alongside shows how the speed. of a car changes with time. o 8 we Time (in hour) (i) What is the initial speed of the car? wi the maximum speed attained by (iii) Which part of the graph shows zero acceleration i») Which part of the graph shows varying tion? tance travelled in first 8 hours. A) (ii) 35 km/h (») @D graph as shown shaded ezium ABEE + Area of F F|+(BCx FB) 5) = 242. with® Science—9 (a) The acceleration from A to B {b) The acceleration from B to C {c) The distance covered in the region ABE, (@ The average velocity from C to D (©) The distance covered in the region BCFE Yp Ya @a=-5 5. area of ACED _ FD sa 85 mis Area of trapezium BCFE 1 x (CF + BE) x EF =2m x42x1 120. An insect moves along a circular path of radius 10 cm with a constant speed. It takes 1 min to move from a point on the o path to the diame ‘opposite point, distance covered ‘speed (ii) the disy (iv) the average v a Ans. (i) Distance co (ii) Speed = 121. Ans. cement = Diameter pisplacemen (iii) DisP = 2008 Displacement (iv) Average velocity = ~~ “Time = 20m = Oe 0S ch, ‘The following table gives the data about moti of a car. ____ ae 11:30 12:00 | 12330] ip | 11:30) 1200 30 | 65 | 1m | 30 | & [ie Plot the graph. (i) Find the speed of the car between 12 hours and 12:30 hours. (ii) What is the average speed of the car? (iii) Is the car’s motion an example of uniform motion? Justify. (CBSE 2611) Distance (km)—> 888 8 11:00 11:30 12:00 Time (h)—> @ Speed= Slope between 12:00 - 12:30 65-3 = S50 = 1.17 kan/min (id Average speed = 100 km 59 kash 12:30 1:00 it covers unequal distance ® intervals. graph of a particle of ™* definite direction is -— figure. Answer the questi (a) What is the velocity of the re Particle at point Motion 245 b ¢) Find the momentum of he particle a 4 START ete Biidiney 0 14s. ime 50) b : O.1 kg m (@) What does the slope ofa graph represent? (©) Acceleration calculate the distance Y (@) Distance cal ss © the distance travelled in ) Distance = Area of AOAP — (CBSE 2011) at xaxe {@) Velocity at A = 2 mis 2 ws =4m The position-time graphs of two objects A and Bj areas shown below: ‘ed B In three ileal Sistine fr « palicatle deren Time nw 0 a ; (e) In which situation the distance between them will remain same? | ® In which situation they are moving in opposite directions? (©) Are they crossing each other in any situation (s)? If so, how is it possible is occur? ‘as. (a) In (iii), as the graphs are parallel to each other. i (6) In (i), point A moves towards the origin in opposite direction to B. } (6) They cross in () and (ii) at point where graphs intersect each other. LECT NCERT EXEMPLAR PROBLEMS Sor Answer Type Questions | The displacement of a moving object in a given interval of time is ene travelled by the our answer. No, the objec tistance, provid , Pattion of the * How wil the eq) fac Soving with a an object NY =u anda with? Science—9 oy |A car starts from rest an “eaxis with constant accel for 8 seconds. It then continues W velocity. What distance will the car €0 seconds since it started from rest? 1d moves along the eration of 5 ms~ jth constant over in 12 at = = 160 m (for first 8 s) Velocity at the end of 8s, ut at=04+5x8 40 ms“, (for last 4 s) = 40 x 4 = 160m Total distance = s, + s = 160 m + 160 m 20 m 5. Amotorcycist drives from to Bwith a uniform speed of 30 km/h" and returns back with a speed of 20 km/hr'. Find its average speed. ‘Ans, Let distance travelled from A to B = x Total distance = x + x ‘Time taken to travel from A to B = 1 | Time taken to travel from B to A = t, = Total time, f= ¢, + 1, = thrown vertically downwards aft height. Long Ant yy ewer Type Questions 9 ect is dropped from Test at a heigh 5 130 m and simultaneously another objec dropped from rest at a height 100m. Why, the difference in their heights after 2 sithyy the objects drop with the Same Aeceleratiy How does the difference in Reights vary wig 7, An obj time? Ans. Object 1: 12 0,h = 150m,f= 25,4 = 10 mis After 2s,v =u + at = 20 mis Distance, s = p77 m= 20m Height, h, = 150 m— 20m = 130m ‘Object 2: A u=0,h = 100m,t = 25,4 = 10 m/s veutat=20m/s 2 =m 20 m = 80m Difference = h, ~h, = 50m 8, An object starting from rest travels 20 mia first 2 s and 160 m in next 4 s. What will be 1 the velocity after 7 s from the start? 20 m,s, = 160m s=20m 1=2s Ans. u = 0,5, u=0, oi =ut+ 4 af or a=2s6 = 10m" 2 v=u+at=10x2=20ms4 x20 x For second interval, u = 20 ms", 7 ing following data, draw ti ¢. using fll 'w time-displacement Motion 247 ph for a moving object; : ” (ii) 3.75 x 10° m is ph to find avera a ifeilepaph to finds erage velod ‘ot Rigt Obtain a relation for the distance travelled by = in the interval between 4" and 5" seconds. fe At 45,5, =ut+ 4 af = 4u + 84 eet 7S . 1 2 tN, 024 6 8 10 12 14 16 48 (second) —> 12. Two stones are thrown ver pg f0r first 4s = Slope from = 0s tor = 45 ee 4-0 qo = ims and us respectively. Prove that the ra in. esuatne heights reached by them would be in the ratio of Nyy (for! = 48 tor = 8:5) is 012s slope is zero tm? (Assunms upward acceleration it~ apd 6 Ypy (for t = 10s tor = 16s) = =© =-1ms downward acceleration to be +g). Ans. Given: velocities u, and u, or the body is moving towards the origin. . heights fi and h. 10, An electron moving with a velocity of $ x 10 : ae ms enters into a uniform electric field and peerooas sand .celeration of 10 ms* in At highest points, velocities v, acquires a uniform a the direction of its initial motion. Thus, v= + 2as () Calculate the time in which the electron 2h, would acquire a velocity double of its initial velocity electron would (i) How much distance # cover in this time?, Ms u=5 x 10! m/s, a 0 wah? Science—9 YOURSELF ‘Answer/Objective Type Questions [1 Mark] p in acircle Br a body which has turned by 300 radius r, g) distance travelled is 377 (b) acceleration is constant {(c) both (a) and (b) (@) only (a) 2. A merry-go-round is rotating about a vertical axis at the rate of 60 rev/min. If the distance of a man from its axis is 2 m, his linear speed (@)1mst (6) 2ms" (0) 42 ms" (@) 2nms 3. To find the height of a building, a student is following the steps as given below. The sequence of the steps are A: Drops stone from the top of the building B:; Simultaneously, starts a clock. C: Stops the clock as the stone lands on the ground. D: Follows the relation h = 1/2.9¢, @ABD.C 6) AcCBD OABGD @DdcCBA 4. A body moving in a circle of r: 3/4th of the circle. The ratio displacement is radius r, covers of the distance to 5. Acar travels 10 mig seconds and 30 m ige speed of t (@) 20 ms" (©) 30.ms* Using the v# graph, one can conclude 6. Usi A : Displacement in (0-4) seconds is equal i the displacement in (4 ~ 6) seconds B : Acceleration is 2.5 ms in OA and zero in AB. C: Acceleration is negative in time (6 ~§) seconds, (@) Only A is correct (6) Only B is correct (0) Only Cis correct @ All the three are correct. Three students A, B and C observing an object moving in a straight line draw graphs as given below AY BY long them is 6) B (@) Both (6) and () Uniform motion with” Science—9 frtion: Equations of motion can be used the acceleration is a = 2 where fis in nds. son: The slope of fer than 30° inclination. a v-t graph with 60 ination is gre: ich of the two A or B has greater velocity ithe following? Give reason for your reply A 28. Give an example of situation in which distance is equal to displacement. 29, Give two examples of vector quantity 30, Define average speed, 3 32, Give two uses of graphical representation of motion . Give SI unit of angular velocity hort Answer Type Questions [3 Marks] 33, Plot the v-t graph for the following data and state the nature of motion the body: caw] 0 | s | 8 [12 [1s 25 [0] 35 [aoa (RT? [4 [6 [8 [10/12 as [16 fas 20 34. A car accelerates from 6 ms to 16 ms in 10 see. Calculate (a) the acceleration and (b) the | distance covered by the car in that time, Distance ( em) covered by different b | Body. bodies ‘ncircula track has a circumference of 34) sith AB as one of its diameter, scopy! owes from A to B along the cicular path yg si of 10 mvs. Find : m a uniform speed (a) distance covered by the scooterist, (6) displacement of the scooterist, and (c) time taken by the scooterist in reaching from A to B. 36. Define acceleration and state its SI unit, Foy motion along a straight line, when do ye consider the acceleration to be (i) positive i) tive? Give an example of a body in uniform neg acceleration. 37. Find the total displa the following graph: cement of the body from vis) > °K Instruction: The table given below shows distance (in cm) travelled by the bodies A, B and C. Read this data carefully and answer the questions which follow. 8" second? Motion 254 sg. objet is moving along a straight ne wth unin selocity of the object at various instant, bse: sane leration. The following table gives the (in m/s) 2 4] Plot the graph From the graph, eto) S23

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