A Absolute Humidity Is the amount of humility inthe ar, indicated by grains. Absolute Pressure -is the sum of gauge and atmospheric pressure (Pisa). Absolute Temperature - Is temperature measured on the Kelvin scale Absolute Zero - The lowest temperature theoretically attainable on the Kelvin scale. Approximately -273.160 C Absolute humidity - The humidity ofthe air measured buy the number of grains of water vapor present in one cubic meter of ai ‘Absorbent - A substance withthe abilly to absorb another substance. Absorption: in physics, the taking up of light, heat, or other energy by molecules. The absorbed energy is converted into heat: ‘Absorption in chemisty isthe taking up of one substance by another. For example, a gas such as oxygen may be absorbed, (Or dissolved, in water. In the HVAC industry we absorbed heat energy from the medium being cooled and transfer that energy Inthe refrigerant. ‘Active Cooling - Compressor driven air-conditioning. ‘Accumulator - A shel! device installed in the suction line of @ HVAC system to prevent liquids from entering the compressor. Acrolein - An Agent added to methy! chloride, to make you aware of refrigerant leaks, ‘Activated Alumina - a type of aluminum oxide that absorbs moisture. (Used in refrigerant driers). ‘Activated Carbon - A processed carbon used in iter driers, commonly used in ar ters to clean the ai. ‘Adiabatic - A change in gas condition where no heat is added or removed except inthe form of work. ‘Adsorption-Adsorption, which is often confused with absorption, refers to the adhering of molecules of gases and liquids to the surfaces of porous solids. Adsorption is a sufface phenomenon; absorption is an intermingling or interpenetration of two substances. Air Balance- To distribute air through a system to precisely match the required amount. Air Conditioner - A device used to contol temperature and humidity ofthe ar. Air Conditioning - To condition ar, transfer of heat and humidity from one medium to another, Air Handler - A fan-blower, heat transfer col and housing parts ofa system. Air, Standard - Air having a temperature of 680F (2000), a relative humidity of 96% al 14.7 psia, Air Infiltration - The unwanted entrance of air due to suck things as leakage, temperature difference or wind. Air vent -A valve, either manual or automatic thats used to remove unwanted air from the highest point of a piping system. Air to Air - both the condensing and evaporating mediums are at. Alcohol Brine - Water and alcohol solution witch cemains a liquid below 320F. Alternating Current - electrical current that reverses direction periodically Ambient temperature - The temperature surrounding an object. ‘Ammeter An instrument for measuring the current in amps, miliamps or micro amps. “Ampere - the current required to produce a certain amount of force between two wires, Amplitude - The highest value reaches by voltage, current or power during a complete cycle. ‘Analogue - A systom in which data is represented as a continuously varying voltage. ‘Anemometer an instrument that measures air speed. Anticipation - to realize in advance, ie- a heat anticipator on a thermostat is used to shut down a furnace prior tothe set point, ‘8 we are anticipating thatthe furnace will continue to run untl the heat exchange is cooled and we will be at set point buy that time. ‘Anode - Positive terminal of electrolytic cell. ASHRAE - American Society of Heating Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers. ‘Aspect Ratio - The ratio of length to width ofa rectangular air ills or duct. Aspiration - The movement is a fluid produced by suction ‘Atmospheric Prossure - Is the prossure thatthe almosphore exerts on us. At sea lovel the is 14.7 psig also wrtton as 29.92 " Hg ‘Atmospheric Condenser - A condenser operated with water that is exposed to the atmosphere, ‘Atmospheric Dust Spot Efficiency - the measurement of a devices ably to remove dust from the al. Automatic Expansion Valve - A preseure actuated metering device to regulate the flow of refrigerant into the evaporator accordin: to the evaporator pressure. Azeotropes - retigerants that are mixtures or blonds of differant refrigerants that are atthe same ratlo in vapor as well as in liquid slate. Azeotropes - (Neat) -A zeotrope having a temperature glide sufficienly small that itis inconsequential Azeotropic mixturo is a combination of different refrigerants to mask one with desirable rafrigarant properties, an example of this is R-502 witch isa mixture of 48.8% R-22 and 81.2% R-115. B Back EMF - The emf that opposes the normal flow of currant in a cirouit Back Pressure - This is the refrigerant pressure in the ow sie of the system also celle low side peessure or suction pressure, Balanced Pressure - when the both the inside and outside pressure of a container equal each other. Baffle - A device used to divert the flow of a substance (ar or liquid).Barometer- is used to measure atmospheric pressure. Barometric Damper - Also called draft damper, is a device installed in a chimney to allow fr the adjustment of dilution air Bearing - mechanical device for decreasing friction in 2 machine in which a moving part bears-that i, slides or rolls while exerting force-on another part. Usually in @ bearing the support must allow the moving part one type of motion, for example, rotation, wrile preventing it from moving in any other way. for example, sidewise. The commonest bearings are found atthe rigid supports of rotating Shafts where friction is the greatest. Bellows - A corrugated cylindrical container which moves with a pressure change, Belt - A rubber lke, continuous loop placed between two or more pulleys to transfer a rotary motion, Bernoulli's Theorem - In siream of liquid, he sum of elevation head, head pressure, and velocity remains constant along any line of flow, provided no work is done by oF upon liquid on course ofits flow ; decreases in portion to energy lost in flow, Bimetal - A temperature reguiating or indicating device which works on the principal tat two dissimilar metals with unequal ‘expansion rates, welded together and will bend as their temperature changes, Blast Freezer - A low -lemperature evaporator that uses a fan to force air rapicly over 2 evaporator surface, Bleed-Valve - A valve with a small opening witch permits a minimum fluid flow when the valve is closed. Blend - A mixture consisting of two or more single components Blower - similar to a fan used to push air Boiler - device for heating water or generating steam above atmospheric pressure. Boiling Point. Tho point at witch a substance will vaporize if anymore heat ie added. Boiling temperature - Temperature at witch a fluid changes from a liquid to a gas. Booster - A term used forthe first stage compressor in a cascading system, Bore - The inside diameter ofa cylinder. Boyle's Law - Boyle's law states thatthe volume of a given amount of gas varies inversely with its pressure, if temperature is Constant. This moans that at a constant temperature, tho pressure ofa gas will increase as tho volume of the gas is docroasod. Brazing - a method of oining two metal surfaces by using nonferrous filer metal heated to above 430° C (800" F), but below the ‘melting point ofthe metals to be joined BTU - Bish Thermal Unit - The amount of heat eneray required to raise the temperature of one pound of water by one degree Fehrenhett Bridge rectifier - A fullwvave rectifier in which there are four arms - each containing a diode, Brine - A salt water mixture commonly used as a secondary refrigerant. Burner A device in which the buming of fuel takes place, Bypass - The passage at one side of or around a regular passage c Calcium Sulfate -is used as a drying agent or desiccant inthe liquid line driers. Calibrate - To determine accurate measurements and reset instrument to these settings. Calibration - To correct any error an interment reads Calorie - the amount of heat ( by weight) that is required to alse the temperature of water 1 degree Celsius. Calorimeter - Device used to measure the quantities of heat. Cam - Mechanical component that is oblong, giving a reciprocating motion when rotated. Capacitance -abilty ofa circuit system to store electriiy. The capacitance of a capacitor is measured in farads and is, determined by the formula C = qV, where q isthe charge (in coulombs} on one of the conductors and V is the potential difference (in volts) between the conductors. The capacitance depends only on the thickness, area, and composition of the capacitors dielectric. Capacitor: device for storing an electrical charge Capacitive Reactance - The opposition o ateating current as a result of capacitance; expressed in ohms. Capacitor-Start Motor - A motor that requires a capacitor in the starting circu Capacity- The amount of heat eneray that a HVAC system can add or removed from @ megium Capillary Tube - a metering device that uses is intemal diameter, length and pressure drop to datermine i's capacity and has a fixed regulation Carbon Dioxide - Compound of carbon and oxygen, is sometimes used in refrigerants Carbon Filter - Air iter housing activated carbon, Carbon Monoxide - Colorless, odorless, and poisonous gas produced when carbon or carbonaceous fuels incorrectly burt Carbon Tetrachloride - a chemical used as a solvent for removing grease oil and sludge, Cascade System - Arrangement in which two or more refrigerating systems are used in series, Cathode - Negative terminal of an electrical device Cavitation - Localized gaseous condition thats found within aliquid stream, Celsius Temperature Scale - Temperature scale used in metric system. Centimeter - Moric unit of linear measurement. Centrifugal Compressor - A compressor employing centrifugal force for compression, Centralized Computerized Controller - Energy control device, centrally located, which makes control decisions based on operatingdata, programmed information, and stored data. Central Station - Centra location of condensing unit with ether wet or air-cooled condenser. Evaporator located as nesded and ‘connected tothe central condensing unit CFC - Cloro- Floro Carbon CFM - Cubic fost por minute Charge - The amount of refrigerant in a system, Change of State - the point at witch a substance changes from a solid to a liquid ora liquid to @ gas due to addition of heat. Or, the reverse, in which a substance changes from a gas to a liquid, or a liquid to @ solid, due to removal of heat. Charles Law - Volume of a given mass of gas at a constant pressure varies according to its temperature Change of Stato - To change from one stato to another ie. Liquid to vapor. Charging - to add a charge of refrigerant to a system. CCheck Valve - A check valve is 2 mechanical device normally applied toa piping system which allows ud to flow in only one direction Chiller - A cooling system used to coo! water or brine. Chemical Refrigeration - System of cooling using a disposable refrigerant. Chill Factor - Calculated number based on temperature and wind velocity Chimney -Vortical shaft for carrying flue gases tothe outside atmosphere. Chimney Connector - A pipe connecting the heating appliance with the chimney. Chimney Effect - Tendency of air or gas to rise when heated Chimney Flue - The passageway ina chimney. Choke Tube - Throtting device used to maintain correct pressure diference between high side and low side in refrigerating mechanism, Circuit - Tubing, piping, or electrical wire installation which permits continuous flow: Circuit, Parallel - Arrangement of electrical devices in which the current divides and travels through two or more paths. Circuit, Pilot - Secondary crcut used to control a device In the main ecu Circuit, Series - Electrical path in which electrcty to operate second lamp or device must pass through fist; current flow travels, intum, through all devices connected together. Circuit Breaker - Safaty device, which automatically opens an electrical circut if overloaded, Closed Circuit - Electrical circuit in which electrons are flowing Closed Loop - Any piping system where the internal fuids are sealed from their surroundings. Commonly referred to as glycol loops Clutch, Magnetic - Clutch bul into automobile compressor flywheel, operated magnetically, which allows pulley to revolve without driving compressor Coefficient of Conductivity - Measure of the relative rate at which different materials conduct heat. Coefficient of Expansion - Increase in unit length, area, or volume for one degree rise in temperature. Coefficient of Performance (COP) - System capacity divided by electrical eneray consumed. Cogeneration - Primary source of energy that is also used to produce a secondary source of energy. Coil Refrigeration. Any cooling element mado of piping Coil Electrical - A conductor wound in a series of tums, Cold - The absence of heat, Cold Storage - The process of preserving perishable items on a large scale. Cold Wall - Refrigerator construction which has the refrigerator serving as the cooling surface. Colloids - Miniature cells peculiar to meats, fish, and poultry which disrupted, cause food to become rancid. Low temperatures ‘minimize this action Combustible Liquids - Liquid having a flash point at or above 1400F Comfort Chart - A psychometric chart for the propose of showing effective temperatures. Comfort Zone - ea on psychometric chart which shows condition of temperature, humidity in which people are comfortable. Compound Compressor- A compressor with one ore more head. ‘Compound Gauge - Instrument for measuring pressure both above and below atmospheric pressure. Compound Refrigerating Systems - System, which has several compressors or compressor cylinders in series. Compression - Term used to denote increase of pressure on a fluid using mechanical energy. Compression Gauge - An instrument used to measure positive pressure, Compressor - refrigeration component that makes a pressure difference in the system witch causes refrigerant to flow. Compressor Reciprocating - Compressor which uses a piss cylinder mechanism to provide pumping action, Compressor, Rotary - Compressor which uses vanes, a mechanism, or other rotating devices to provide pumping action. Condensate - A fd formed when a gas is cooled, Condensation - Liquid or droplets which form when a gas or cooled below its dew point Condense - The changing of a gas or vapor to aliquid Condenser - The heat rejection component of a system where the refrigerant is condensed from a vapor to liquid. Condenser, Air Cooled - Heat exchanger that transfers heat to the surrounding ait, Condenser, Water Cooled - Heat exchanger that transfers heat to water Condense Comb - Comb-lke device used to straighten the metal fins on condensers or evaporators.Condenser Fan - A fan used to move air through air-cooled condenser. Condensing Furnace - A high efficiency fuace that also removes latent heat form the combustion products. Condensing Pressure - See head pressure Condensing temperature - the temperature at witch a substance will condense. Condensing unit - Part of @refrgerating mechanism which purnps vaporized refrigerant from the evaporator, compresses I, liguofis it inthe condenser, and rotums it to the motoring device. CConductivity- the abilty of as material to transfer heat Conduction - the passage of heat from one point to another by transition of molecular energy from particle to particle through ‘a conductor, Conductor - Substance or body capable of transmiting electricity or heat, Constrictor - Tube or orifice used to restrict flow of a gas or a liquid. Contaminant - Substance such as drt. moisture, or other matter foreign to refrigerant or refigerant oll in system, Control - any device to to start stop regulate or protect 2 system. Control, Low Pressure - a Safety device connected to low-pressure side of system. Control, Refrigerant - A device used to regulate flow of liquid refrigerant into evaporator. Control, Temperature - Temporature-operated thermostatic device which automatically opens or closes a cicult. Control System - All ofthe components required forthe automatic control af a process variable Control Valve - Vaive which regulates the flow or pressure of a medium which affects @ controlled process. Controller - A group of controls and circuits used to accurately and automatically operate a device. Convection - Transfer of heat from one point to another by means of gravity. Convection, Forced - Transfer of heat resulting from forced movement of liquid or gas by means of a fan or pump. Convection, Natural - Circulation of a gas or liquid due to difference in density resuing from temperature differences, Cooler - Heat exchanger which removes heat from a substance. Gooling Tower - Device which cools by water evaporation in air Copper Plating - Atnormal condition developing in some units in which coppers electrolytically deposited on some compressor surfaces. Core, Air - Coll of wire not having a metal core. Core, Magnetic - Magnetic center of a magnetic eld Corrosion - Deterioration of materials from chemical action Coulomb - The quantity of electricity transferred by an electric current of one ampere in one second. Counter EMF - Tendency for reverse electrical flow as magnetic field changes in an induction col Counter Flow -Fiow in opposite direction Couplings - Mechanical device joining rergerant lines, Crankshaft Seat - Leak proof joint between crankshaft and compressor body, Crisper - Drawer or compartment in refrigerator designed to provide high humiity along with low temperature to keep vegetables ‘especially leafy vegetables-cold and crisp. Critical Pressure - Compressed condition of refrigerant, which gives liquid and gas the same properties, Critical Temperature - Temperature at which vapor and liquid have same properties. Critical Vibration - Vibration whichis noticeable and harmful to structure. Cross Charged- Two fuids which together create desired pressure-temperature properties. Cryogenics -Refrigeration which deals with producing temperatures of 2500F below zero and lower. Current - the flow of electrons through a conductor. Current Relay - Device wiich opens or closes a circuit upon a change in current flow. Cupro-nickel - 20% copper 10% nickel alloy which has high corrosion resistance to water containing salt, sulphur, chlorides and other dissolved minerals Cut In - The value at which the control circuit closes. Cut-Out - The value at which the control crcult opens, Cycle - Series of events or operations which have tendency to repeat in the same order. Cylinder, Refrigerant A cylinder used to store refrigerant. Cylinder Head - Plate or cap which encloses compression end of compressor cylinder. D Dalton's Law - Vapor pressure created in a container by 2 mixture of gases is equal to sum of individual vapor pressures of the {gases contained in mixture. Damper - A device used to regulate to flow of a. Deaeration - Act of separating ai rom fluids. Decibel - Unit used for measuring relative loucness of sounds, Defrost - The process of removing ice from a unt.Defrost Cycle - Refrigerating eyco in which evaporator frost and is melted Defrost Timer - A device which shuts unit off the compressor ong enough to permit ice and frost accumulation on evaporator to melt Detrosting - See defrost Degreasing - Solution or solvent used to remove grease from equipment. Degree Day - The number of degroes that tho mean temperature for that day is bolow 65° F. Dehumidity - the process of removing moisture from the air. Dehumidifier - Device used to remove moisture from ar. Dehydrator -A device used to dry refrigerant Dehydrator -Receiver - A liquid refigerant receiver that also contains a desiccant to remove moisture. Deice Control - Device for operating a refrigerating system in such a way 2s to provide melting of the accumulated ice and frost. Delta Transformer - Three-phase electrical transformer wired in the delta configuration, this is also forms a triangle. Demand Meter A instrument that measures the kilowatl-hour usage ofa circuit Density - The mass per unit volume, Deodorizer - A device that absorbs odors, usually by principle of absorption Design Pressure - Highest or most severe pressure expected during operation. Desiccant -A substance used to remove moisture from refrigerant Desuperheater - A heat exchanger designed to remove excess Supereal from a system. Normally used as a heater for pools or domestic water Dew - Condensed atmospheric moisture deposited in small drops on oo! surfaces. Dew Point ~ Temperature at which begins to condense Diac - A twosead aternatng curent semiconductor tha allows curento fo in both directions at preset voltage Diaphragm -Now get your mind out of he gutter now that your awake ifs exbie material usually made of hin metal, uber, or plas Die Casting - Process of molding low-meling temperature metals in accurately shaped metal molds Dielectric Fluid - Fu wt high electrical resistance Dilution Air- i air that is mixed with the products of combustion prior to them exiting the vent. Diode- a electrical component that wil only allow current to passin one direction Differential - The aerance between the cutin and cut-out ofa conto Direct Current - Curren that tavels ony in one direction. Direct Digital Control (ODC) - Use of acgital computer to perform required automatic conto operations Direct Expansion - When te efigerants the system is ether condensed or evaporated creciy bythe medium being heated or cooled Displacement - Volume obtained by mltipyng area of eyincer bore by length of piston stroke Distiling Apparatus - Fluid-eciaiming device used to reclaim used refigerans Distribution Controls - Systems which help evenly and eicity transfer tho heating or cooling meclum tothe area wnere itis nooded Distt Heating and Coating - Us of cena uty astm cesgns provide heating a col orgy een and industral aroas. Dome-Hat - Sealed metal container for the motor compressor of a refrigerating unit. Double Duty Case - Commercial refrigerator in which a part of space is for refrigerated storage and part is equipped with glass windows for dspiey purposes Draft- A heating term used to ensure the escape of fue gases and aid combustion Draft Gauge - An Instrument used to measure the draft in an apalince. Draft Regulator - Device which mainiains a dested draft in a combuson-heated appance by automaticaly controling the Chirmey deft tothe desired value Drip Pan -Pan-shaped pane or trough used to collet condensate from evaporator Drier- same as dehydrator. Dry Bulb Temperature - The actual temperature as recorder ona standard thermometer Dry Capacitor Condenser - Electrical dovce mado of dry motal and dy insulation used to store an olectical charge Dry Cell Battory -Abatery, having no quid ithe col Dry lee Refrigerating substance made of soli carbon toxide wnich changes ctecy from a soi toa gas (sublimates) Dry System - Retigeraton system which has the evaporator quid refrigerant mainly inte atomized o droplet condition Duct-a device used to cstibute ai. Dynamometer -A device for measuring power input or output ofa mechanism. Ebullator - A device inserted in a flooded evaporator tubes to prevent the evaporator from becoming oil bound. Eccentric —Is a dick mounted off center on shaftEddy Currents - Induced currents flowing in a core, EER - See ENERGY EFFICIENCY RATIO. Effective Area - Actual flow area of an air inlet or outlet, Effective Temperature - Overall effect on a human of air temperature, humidity, and air movement. Efficiency - Output of a device, system, or activity, divided by the input necessary to create the output Ejector - A device which uses high fluid velocity, such as a venturi, to create low pressure or vacuum atts throat to draw in fluid from another source. Electric Defrosting - Use of electric resistance heating cols to melt ce off evaporators. Electric Heating — Heating using electric resistance heaters. Electrodepositing Process - Process in which metalic particles are applied to another metal surface through the use of an electric current Electrolysis - Movement of electricity through a substance which causes a chemical change in the substance or its container. Electromagnet - A coll of wire wrapped an iron core. When electric current flows thvough wire, the assembly becomes @ magnet. Electromagnetic Energy - Energy that has both electrical and megnetic characteristics, Electron - The portion of an atom that carries a negative charge. Electronic Control Diagnostics - Trouble codes that may be referenced on an automatic climate control system to diagnose problems. Electronic Leak Detector — An electronic instrument that measures electronic flow across gas gap. Electronic flow changes Indicate presence of retigerant gas molecules, Electronic Relay - A roiay that Is mounted on a citcult board and is controlled by a electronic signal , such as a tal Electronic Sight Glass — An electronic device that detects the presence of vapor inthe liquid, Electronic Thermistor — A temperature sensitive resistor used on electronic thermostat. Electronic Thermostat ~ A thermostat that uses electronic components to accomplish various. sensing, switching, timing, staging and display functions, Electronic Thermostat - A thermostat that uses electronic components to accomplish various. sensing, switching, timing, staging.and display functions. Electronics - Field of science dealing with electron devices and their uses. Electrostatic Filter - A fite fr cleaning air that utilizes electricity to attract dust particles to electrically charged plates. EME - Electromotive force. Symbol: E. Unit: volt. t's the property of electrical energy that causes current to flow. Emitter - The lead of a transistor shown using an arrow with a head on it End Bell ~ the plates on the ends of an electric motor which usually holds motor bearings End Play - The movement of the motors shaft along its centerin. Endothermal - Chemical reaction in which heat is absorbed. Energy - The abilly to do work. Energy Audit - To accurately determining the current eneray consumption for a given area, Energy conservation - To look for, determine and institute changes that will conserve energy. Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER) - Cooling capacity in BTUihr divides by electrical energy consumed in wats Energy Management Control System - A system that optimizes total energy usage in a bulaing Energy Utilization Index (EU) - A number whichis used to compare energy usages for different areas. It's calculated by dividing the energy consumption (in Btus) by the square footage ofthe conditioned area, Enthalpy - Total amount of heat in one pound of a substance. Entropy - Mathematical factor used in engineering calculations. Energy ina system, Environment - The surrounding conditions, Enzyme - Organic substance, that speeds up chemical changes in foods. Eutectic - That certain mixture of two substances providing lowest melting temperature of all the various mixes of the two substances, Eutectic Point - Froozing temperature for eutectic solutions. Evacuation ~ The removal of contaminants in a refrigeration system, Evaporator - The haat absorption component of a system where the refrigerant Is evaporated from a liquid toa vapor. Evaporator, Dry Type - Evaporator in which the refrigerant is inthe quid droplet form, Evaporator, Flooded - Evaporator containing quid refrigerant at ll times, Evaporator Fan - A mechanical device that increases airflow over the heat exchange surface of evaporators, Evaporative Condenser -is one that utiizes the evaporation of water by air atthe condenser surface as a means of heat dissipation, Evaporation - Is the change of state from a liquid to a vapour. EWT - Entering water or fui temperature Exfiltration - Slow flow of ai from the building to the outdoors. Exhaust Port - That opening which caries the Nuid to the downstream pressure of a uid system Exhaust Valve -A movable port which provides an outlet forthe cylinder gases in a compressor. Exothermal - A chemical reaction in which heat is released Expansion Joint -A device designed to allow movement caused by expansion and contraction,Expendable Refrigerant System — A system which discards the refrigerant after it has evaporated. Expansion Valve ~ Is one type of metering device in refrigerating system, which reduces the pressure from the high side to the low side and is operated by pressure. External Drive - A Term used to indicate a compressor driven directly rom the shaft or by a belt using an external motor. External Equalizer - Tube connected to the outlet of the evaporator to allow the diaphragm of the thermostatic expansion valve to disregard any pressure drop in the evaporator. F Fahrenheit Scale The scle at wich, under standard atmosphere pressure, heb freezing points 32 degrees. Fail Safe Control A dovic tha lin the open ox safe positon and when it cease to operat. Fan - Rata or axial fow device used fr moving er producing flow of gases Farad -Unitof elecca capaci; used to value capacitors. Faraday Experiment -Siver chloride absorbs anmonia when cool and releases t when heated Fast Food Freezing ~ A tieezing method thal uss quid eivogen or carbon donde totum fesh fod int long lasting frozen food Feedback - Infomation on curren! operation ofa aytem or device uted by the conto ystom to mod future operation, Feedback Control Systom —A control system thats constant correcting the conton Female Thread ~On iting these are the intemal treads Field Pole -Part of te stator of moter which concentrates magnetic ld of itd winding. Filter -is used to remove sold materia fom a gas or quid buy means of staining Fire Damper A damperinsaled ina duct system thatis normally open , upon the breakage ofa heat sensitive lnk the damper wil close Flammability Th ably fra material to bum, Flammable Liquids - Lcuids having e ash point below 140 OF (60 06) end a vapor pressure not exceeding 40 psa (278 KPa) at 100 OF (35 00), Flapper Valve - Thin meta valve used in eigertion compressors which allows gaseous refigean ofow in only one recon Flare - Aso tubing connector commonly used o connect sot cope piping Flash Gas - The gas resulting from tho instantaneous evaporation ofthe refigerant when its pressures owed. Flash pont Tenpaaice at whch formal asl go of use vaperto spp a fash fame bet wit suport Flach veld “A relstane ype wel in whlch mating pats are brought ogetne under considerable pressure whe a heavy tlectlcal currents passed trough the ent tobe welded, Foxible Duct -A cuit that can be route around obstacle by bending It gradual Float Valve - vave that contol the eve of aid by the means of the sensing element floating inthe fi Flooded System - A refrigerating system in which liquid refrigerant fills most of the evaporator. Flooded System, High Side Float - Reigeralon system which has a foal operated by the rae ofthe high sie igi refgerant being condenses Flooded System, Low-Side Float Refigeraton system which has a fat operate by the rate of evaporation of iui reigerant fromthe evaporator. Flooding - The atoning a quid to How nto a part ofa system Flow Check Piston - metering devcethathas a piston assembly, wih an oie in the center. Flow Meter - An istumert used to measure velo of fuld movement Flue - Ges or ar passage tha usualy depends on natural convection to cause the combustion gases to fow tought Fluid -A ges or ius Flush - Operation to remove any material or Tuids fom reigeration system parts by purging them to te atmosphere using religerant or other ids Flux. A substance of jit prior to being brazed or soldered Flux ines - Lines of force ofa magnet. Foaming - Formation of foam in an i-refgerant mixture de to rap evaporation of lui retigerantcssolved in he ol Foot Pound - Unit of work. foot pound is the amount of work done in tig one pound one foot Force -Is the accumulated pressure ard expressed in pounds. Forced Convection - Movereat of ids by mechanical force. Force-Feed Oiling - Lubrication system that uses @ pump to force alo surfaces of moving pars. Fractionation - A change in composion of a bend by preferential evaporation or condensation of the moe ols volatile component. Free Whealing - Continued rotation of magnlic clutch on automativ compressor when ct fs dlsongaged Freeze Drying - Uses quid nitrogen o carbon dioxide to tum fresh food int long asting, zen food Freezer Burn - Condition pple to food which has not been property wrapped and hathas become har, dy, and siscoloces Freeze up -Is the formation ofc inside the metering device and causing improper eligeration io acrue Freezing Point - The temperature at with if any more heat is removed it will solidify. Freezing Point Depression - The temperature ot which ico wil frm n soto of water and sl. ing point of water is 212 degrees andFreon - Brand name refrigerant manufactured by DuPont. Frequency - The number of cycles per second for any periodic wavefoim - unit: Hertz Frost Back - This is caused by the flooding of refrigerant iquid inthe suction line. Frost Control, Automatic -Control that automatically cycies refrigerating system to remove frost formation on evaporator. Frost Control, manual - Manual control used to change operation of refrigerating system to produce defrosting conditions. Frost Control, Semiautomatic - Control which starts defrost part ofa cycle manually and then returns system to normal operation automatcaly Frost Free Refrigerator - A refrigerator that incorporates automatic defrost Frosting Type Evaporator -Refrigerating system which maintains the evaporator at frosting temperatures during all phases of cycle. Frozen - 1-Water in ts solid state. 2-Seized (as in machine parts) due to lack of lubrication. The term “freeze-up"is often applied to this situation. Fuel Oil - Kerosene or any hydrocarbon cil as specified by U.S. Department of Commerce Commercial Standard C$1 2 or ASTM 10296, or the Canadian Government Specification Board, 3-GP-28, and having a flash point not less than 1000F (980C4 Full Floating - Mechanism construction in which a shaft is free to turnin all parts in which itis inserted Full Package - Self contained heat pump which has blower and compressor section integrated into one unit Furnace, Central - A self-contained appliance designed to supply heated air through ducts to spaces remote from or adjacent to the appliance location Fuse - Electrical device that melts a fusible metal strip during an over current condition. Fusible Link -is 2 heat consive link designed to broak in a fre. Fusible Plug- A heat sensitve plug used on pressure vessels that wil let go ata predetermined temparature, G Galvanic Action - The corroding action of two unlike metals due to electrical current passing between them, Gas - The vapor state of a material Gas, Non-condensable - Gas that will not form into a liquid under the operating pressure-temperature conditions. Gas Valve - A device for starting, stopping, or regulating flow of gas. Gas Regulator - A device forthe regulation of gas. Gasket - A material used to orm a leak proof seal between 2 pars, Gasket, Foam - Join sealing material made of rubber or plastic foam strips. Gauge - An instrument to measure pressure of Fuid levels Gauge, High Pressure - Used for pressure ranges from 0 psig to 500 psig 1101.3 kPa to 3 600 kPa, Gauge, Low Pressure - Used for pressure ranges from 0 psia to 50 psia 10 kPa to 350 kPa. Gauge Manifold - A Chambered device constructed to hold both compound and high-pressure gauges. Valves contol flow of fluids through it Gauge Port - A connection in a system to provided for @ service technician to install a gauge. Gauge Vacuum - An instrument used to measure pressures below atmospheric pressure. Geothermal Energy - Heat nergy sored in tho car's rust bythe absorption of car energy and by conduction wih the earth's + The temperature difference between the starting and ending temperatures of a phase change within a system, exclusive cof any sub cooling or superheating Glycerol - isa lubricant but has found litle because of its tendency to rapidly absorb moisture. Grain - Unit of weight and equal o 1/7000 lb. It's used to indicate the amount of moisture in the alt. Gravity Cooling - Evaporator does not have a fan to distribute the ai. Gravity Heating- neat is distributed by gravity this king of unit has no fan Grille - cover or louvered opening placed in a room atthe end of an ar passageway. Grommet - Plastic, metal, or rubber doughnut-shaped protectors which line holes where wires or tubing pass through panels. Ground, Short circuit - A Faultin an electrical circuit allowing electricity to flow to ground. Ground Coil - Heat exchanger buried in the ground. May be used either as an evaporator or as a condenser. Ground Loop - A series of heat exchange pipes which are buried either vertically or horizontally inthe earth Ground Source - A refrigeration system which utlizes the earth as its source of energy, Ground Wire - An electrical wire that wil safely conduct electricity from a structure into the ground. H Halide Refrigerants - Retigecants containing halogen chemicals. Halide Torch - A propane torch used in the process of leak checking Halogens - Subsiance containing fluorine, chiorine, bromine, and iodine, Hanger - A device attached to walls or other structure for suppor of pipe lines. Head - Ie another word for Prossure. Head, Static - Is the amount of pressure a pump has to work against.1 Ice Melting Equivalent - (IME-ICE MELTING EFFECT): Amount of heat absorbed by metting ce at 32 OF (0 0C1 is 144 Btu per pound of Ice or 288 000 Btu per ton 'dentiteation plate (Name Plate) -A plate mounted onthe uni that Provides ifomation such as manufacturer, part number ‘and specications. Idler - A pulley used on some belt drives to provide proper belt tension and to eliminate belt vibration Ignition Transformer - Transformer designed to provide a high-voltage current. Used in mary heating systems to ignite fuel; provides a spark gap. Impedance - Similar to resistance but applies to AC circuits. The opposition a component in a circuit offers to the flow of alternating current ata given frequency. Ifthe frequency changes, the impendence changes too. Impendence is measured in ohms and hhas the symbol Z with the unit ohms Impeller -@ part of a pump that causes the fluid to move, Similar to a blade, Induced Magnetism - The ability of a magnetic field to produce magnetism in a metal Induction motor - An ac motor that operates on principle of rotating magnetic field. Rotor has no electrical connection, but receives: electrical energy by transformer action from field windings. Inductive Reactance - The induction of Electromagnetic energy in a circuit that creates @ counter oF reverses voltage as the ‘original current changes. It may also be thought of as a resistance since it opposes the flow of alternating current. Inductance - A changing current in a coil produces a changing magnetic flux. The changing magnetic flux results in an induced ‘current flowing in the coil. The units @ Henry. Infiltration - The passage of outside ar into building through doors cracks around windows, etc. Infrared Lamp - Electrical device that emits infrared rays; invisible rays just beyond red in the visible spectrum. Inhibitor - A chemical that prevents corrosion or oxidation. Instrument - Used broadly to denote a device that has measuring, recording, indicating, andlor controling abilities. Insulation, Electric - A substance which has almost no free electrons, Insulation, Thermal - A material with low heat conductivity. Integrated Circuit (IC) -A circult tat incorporates muitiple transistors and other semiconductors to a single circuit, sometimes called a “chip.” Intermittent Cycle - A cycle which repeats its Interrupted Cycle - A cycle that does not repeats it self Interstate Commerce Commission - Government body which controls the design and construction of pressure containers, lon- Group of atoms or an atom electrically charged. IR Drop - A voltage drop, IR moaning Current time's resistance and equaling voltage (Ohm's Law). Isobutane - A flammable hydrocarbon refrigerant. Isothermal - Changes of volume or pressure under conditions of constant temperature Isothermal Expansion and contraction - an action which takes place without a temperature change. J Jet Cooling System - A jet pump is used to produce a vacuum so water oF refrigerant may evaporate at relatively low temperatures, ‘These systems usually require large condenser and have a low efficiency to remove heat. Joint - Connecting point as between two pipes. Joule- Metric unit of heat. Joule -Thomson Effect - The change in the temperature of a gas on its expansion through a porous plug from a higher pressure toalower pressure. Journal Crankshaft - The part of shaft which contacts the bearing on the large end of the piston rod. Junction Box - A box or container housing group of electrical terminals K Kata Thermometer - An alcohol thormometor used to moasure air spead or atmospheric conciions by means of cooling effect. Kelvin Scale - Thermometer scale on which unit of measurement equals the Celsius degree and according to which absolute zeros 0 degree, the equivalent of -273.16 0C. Water freazes at 273.16 OK and boils at 373. 160K, Kilopascal (kPa) - See PASCAL. Kilowatt - 1000 watts of power or 1.34 horse power. KWH - Kilowatt hours - Electrical term - 1 Kwh equals the use of 1000 watts for one hour. Kilovolt Ampere (kVA) - Unit of electrical flow equal to volts multiplied by amperes and divides by one thousand.Latent Heat: Heat that when added to or romoved from a substance causes a chango of state but not a change in temperature. Latent Heat of Evaporation - The amount of heat added to @ substance during the change of state Lag of temperature control - The delay in action of @ temperature element due to the te required forthe temperature ofthe clement to reach the medium temperature, Leak Detector - A device to locate refrigerant leaks. Liquid Line - The tine that caries the high temperature high pressure sub cooled liquid from the receiver line to the metering device Liquid Recelver- A device used to store refrigerant til tis required LLiquid-to-Air- A system which absorbs heat from a liquid and rejects it to the ar. Liquid-to-Liquid heat pump - A heat pump which absorbs heat from a liquid and also rejects it to a iquid Load - The required rate of heat removal. Low side - The area ofthe retigeration cycle thet operates under a lower pressure compared to the high side, ‘Manometer - U-shaped device used to moasure prossuto difference. Matter - Anything with mass is known as matter. Lead, sat, water, aleohol are all considered matter. ll these forms represent the three basic forms of matter. Solid, Liquid, Gas. Mass - A measure of an object's resistance to acceleration; diferent from but proportional tothe object's weight. ‘Mechanical Cooling - Conventional cooling provided by a mechanical means. Term can be interchanged with "active cooling”. ‘Mechanical Efficiency - The ratio of work done by a machine compared to the amount of energy used. ‘Megohm - One milion ohms. Methy! Alcohol -is sometimes used as antieeze, Methyl Chloride - One type of Refrigerant Metering Device- A device used to meter the amount of refrigerant entering the evaporator. ‘Mooller diagrams - A graphical roprosentation of the thermal properties of fuids with total heat and entropy as coordinates, Motor - & device used to convert electrical energy into mechanical anergy. N Needle Valve - A valve having a slender point fitting into a conical seat, used to regulate accurately the flow of aliquid or gas. Nipple - A pipe coupling threaded on both ends. Noncondensables - Gases mixed with refigerants that cannot be condensed at the same temperature and pressures as refrigerants. Nonconductors (Insulators) - Nonconductors resist electron flow. The atoms have elmost no free electrons. Examples would be: A perfect vacuum, quartz, glass, ceramics, rubber, wood, plastics. ° (OHM - Tho unit of resistance usualy known as R. ‘Ohm's Law - Written | = EIR where |is current flowing, Vis the voltage and Ris the resistance. Oil Trap - A device to trap ol rom leaving the compressor and entering the system. (Open Compressor - A compressor where the motor is nat sealed inside the compressor ise. Open Loop -A system where water is pumped from a water well, pond, lake or other surface source for use in a heat pump. Output -The part of the circuit where the process signal is available. Oversized Evaporator - A evaporator wth a greater capacity than the nominal capacity of the system, Ozone - The 03 from oxygen It's used as a odor eliminator P Pressure - The force exerted per unit area Primary - The input side of a transformer. Psychrometer - a device used to measure web bulb temperature. Pyrometer - A device used to measure high temperatures. Psychometric Chart - A chart used to determine the specific volume, heat content. Dew point, relative humidity, absolute humidity and dry and wet bulb temperatures. PSIG- Pounds per square inch gauge pressure. PSIA- pounds per square inch absolute pressure. PSIG + Atmospheric pressure (14.7) Purge - A momentary opening to allow a fluid to escape Pre Purge - The flushing of air through the combustion and heat exchanger prior tothe burner fring, ost Purge - The flushing of air through the combustion and heat exchanger after the burner has completed fring, Primary Air air that mixes with a fuel prior to the fuel being burntR Radiation - The passage of heat trom one object 10 one other without warming the space between, Radiant Floor Heating - Process of embedding tubing directly in a concrete floor so that hot water can be pumped through the tubing for the purpose of heating the floor and thus the building Refrigerant - The medium of heat transfer in a retigeration system that picks up heat by evaporating at alow temperature ‘and rejects heat by condensing ata high temperature, Refrigeration system - A combination of pars in witch a refrigerant is circulated for the propose of extracting heat. Relative Humidlty- The amount of moisture in the air compared with the amount of moisture the air can hol. Relay - An olectromechanical device containing a coil and a set of contacts. The contacts close when the cols energized. Relief Device - A davice designed to open under a high pressur. Resistance - The opposition to current flow. Or tha reciprocal of thermal conductivity. Rotary Compressor- A compressor in witch a compression is attained ina cylinder by rotation of a semi radial member. Reversing Heat Pump - A heat pump in which the condenser and evaporator coils ofthe unit reverse roles in response to a reverse in the direction of the flow of refrigerant in the machine. Ss Shell and Tube - A heat exchanger that has ca coll inside a shell ‘Short-Circuit - An un-intended path that conducts electricity. Silica gol- A desiccant used for drying refrigerant ‘Sink Temperature - This isthe temperature of the medium into which the reftigeration system must reject its heat, ‘Sludge - A decomposition product formed ina refrigerant due to impurities in the oll or due to moisture, Solubility - The ablity of one material of one material to enter into a solution with another. Solenoid - A cal of wire tha is long compared to ts diameter, through which a current wil low and produce a magnetic flux to push or pull arod, ‘Source Temperature - This isthe temperature of the medium from which the refrigeration system extracs its heat. ‘Specific Gravity - The weight of a volume of a material compared to the weight of the same quaniy of water. ‘Specific Heat - The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one unit of mass ofa substance by one degree. ‘Specific Volume - The volume ofa definite weight of a materia ‘Split System -A rofigeration system that is housed in one ore more cabinets or split apart, Standard Air- Air weighing 0.7488 pound per cubic foot, whichis ar at 680F dry bulb and 50% relative humidity ata barometric pressure of 29,92 in, Hg, Static Pressure - Pressure exerted outward against walls, tubes or ducts ‘Sub cooled - Cooled below the saturation temperature ofthe liquid ‘Sublimation - Tho change of state from a solid to a vapor state without and intermediate liquid state. ‘Suction Line - The piping between the evaporator outlet and the compressor inet ‘Suction Pressure - The pressure on the low side ofthe system. Sulfur Dioxide - A type of refrigerant. ‘Superheat - Heat added to a substance above its saturation temperature. ‘Superheated Gas - A gas temperature higher than the evaporation temperature at the exiting pressure. ‘Sweating - Condensation from the air on surfaces below the due point ofthe air T ‘Temperature - Heat level or pressure . The thermal state of a body with respect to its abllty to plek up heat from or pass heat o another body. Temperature-Control Lag - The delay of action ofthe temperature response element due to the me required forthe element toreaci the surounding temperature. Temperature, Absolute - The temperature at which molecular motion stops. Its the lowest temperature possible. There is Ro more heat in a substance at this port Temperature, Design - Ave the result of alt of testing and gathering of data in order to help withthe design of systems. Itis @ chart or data base used to reference average temperatures for most areas across the county. ‘Temperature, Dry Bulb -Itis the temperature measured by thermometers in the home. Temperature, Wet Bulb - The result of moisture inthe air o, the saturation temperature of water presently inthe air. tis attained my sing a thermometer enclosed with a damp mash. When air is blown past the thermometer, some of tha damp will evaporate causing cooling and lowering the temperature reading, The difference between the dry bulb and the wet bulb temperatures are an indication of the relative humidity of the ar Ternary - Consisting of three single component rafigerants, Thermistor - Is a heat sensitive resistor that changes resistance with @ change in temperature. Thermocouple - A device consisting of 2 different conductors that when heated creates an electrical potential difference. Thermodynamic - The study of the mechanics of heat. ‘Thermometer - A device for indicating temperatureThermostat: A tomporaturo sensitive device usod to control HVAC systoms. Thermostatic Valve - A precision metering device designed to regulate the rate of refrigerant liquid flow into the evaporator inthe exact proportion to the rate of evaporation of refrigerant liquid in the evaporator. Ton (of refrigeration) - The amount of heat energy { BTU'S) absorbed in the conversion of 1 Ton of ce to 1 ton of water over a 2ahour period at 320F. Total Pressure - The sum of static pressure and velocity pressure, Transistor - A three layer sandwich of two different components consisting mainly of silicon semiconductor material. The device acts as a valve and a relay for electron flow. Transducer - A substance or device, that converts input energy of one form into output energy of another. Transformer - An electrical device by which alternating current of one voltage is changed to another voltage. TX Valve - A precision device used to regulate the rate of refrigerant flow into the evaporator to exactly maich the rate of refrigerant evaporation . U Unit System - A unit that can be removed from premises without disconnecting any ines or wiring Unloader - A mechanical device used to reduce the capacity ofa refrigeration compressor. Upper fixed point - The higher of two referenca points used to "Tic a temperature scale, Example: The bolling point of water at standard tomporature and prossure,is tho upper fixed point of a Colsius scat. Vv Vapor Pressure - The prossure exerted on a liquid and vapor surface, Volt - The unit of voltage. Voltage - Isa term used to indicate the potential diference in a circuit, Voltage is also known as the pressure which causes courtent to flow. Also expressed 2s electro motive force (EMF). Voltmeter - A meter for measuring voltage. Viscosity - The property of id to resist flow or change. w Watt - Symbol W. The unit of power. Water-to-Water - A refrigeration system where the condensing and evaporating medium is water. Wet Compression - A system of refrigeration in which some liquid refrigerant is mixed with vapor entering the compressor 180 a8 to cause the discharge vapors from the compressor to tend to be saturated rather than superheated. x Xylene - A flammable solvent, used to dissolve or loosen sludge. Zz Zero Absolute - See Absolute temperature and pressure. Zeotrope - A blend of refrigerants having a temperature glide greater than 50