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17 views20 pages

Class Notes

useful engineering notes

Uploaded by

Venkata Ramana
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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World Environment Day was established in 1972 by the United Nations at the Stockholm Conference on the

Human Environment, that had resulted from discussions on the integration of human interactions and the
environment. One year later, in 1973, the first WED was held with the theme "Only One Earth". Wikipedia
Date: Wednesday 5 June, 2024
Also called: Eco Day, Environment Day, WED (world environment day)
Significance: Environmental issues awareness
Tropospheric ozone is less
concentrated than stratospheric
ozone, it is of concern because
of its health effects. Ozone in
the troposphere is considered a
greenhouse gas, and may
contribute to global warming.
The major composition of Water Gas is
formed by Hydrogen Gas and carbon
monoxide Gas.
Viable particulates : These are the minute living organisms dispersed in the environment. For example,
bacteria, fungi, moulds, algae etc. Non-viable particulates : These are formed by breakdown of larger
materials or by condensation of minute particles.
Cigarette smoking containing CO causes dangerous carboxyl
hemoglobin complex
The permissible level of pollutants or toxic substances
in the atmosphere, which affects adversely when
exposed to 7-8 hours is called TLV (Threshold Limit
Value).
The ozone layer is referred to as a specific region in the Earth’s
stratosphere that acts as a shield against the incoming ultraviolet
rays of the sun. The ozone layer absorbs around 97-99% of the
medium-frequency ultraviolet light emitted by the sun. The ozone
layer is composed of 3 atoms of oxygen and is represented as O3.

One of the major causes of ozone layer depletion is the


chemical chlorofluorocarbons or CFCs. CFCs are generally
composed of carbon, fluorine and chlorine. They are quite
durable and can sustain harsh conditions. CFCs generally don’t
react but only react with sunlight when it breaks down to
release chlorine.

The refrigerant chloromethane (FREON) and NOx are


pollutants which is a serious disrupts ozone layer.
In Antarctica ozone depletion is caused due to the formation of
chlorine nitrate
carbon dioxide, methane, ozone, nitrous oxide,
chlorofluorocarbons, and water vapor
BHOPAL GAS TRAGEDY
On December 3, 1984, more than 40 tons of methyl
isocyanate (MIC- CH3NCO) gas leaked from a Union
Carbide Corporation (UCC) pesticide plant in Bhopal,
India, immediately killing at least 3,800 people and
causing significant morbidity and premature death for
many thousands more (
oxides of carbon, sulfur and nitrogen, ozone, hydrocarbons,
reaction products of ozone, and other pollutants and
particulate aerosols of carbon and various metal oxides.
Eutrophication, defined as the addition of 'excess' nutrients to a
water body Eutrophication significantly reduces dissolved
oxygen in water bodies. This mainly occurs when a water body
becomes overly enriched with nutrients due to the excessive
growth of algae or plankton. It is a serious concern because
Eutrophication makes the water body incapable of supporting
lives in it.
Bacterial decomposition shifts from aerobic to anaerobic
when dissolved oxygen in water decreases.
DO in water is measured by Winklers method
The average municipal wastewater demonstrates values of
COD from 300 to 500 mg l− 1 and BOD of 200–300 mg l− 1,
whereas food industry wastewater demonstrates COD and
BOD values from 1000 to several 100 000 mg l− 1.

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