formal ass — QUESTIONS — Multiplé Choice Questions : Art uy 4 toto 1,Which one of the following lakes is a if water lake? VY (a). Sambhar (b) Wular (©) Dal (d) Gobind Sagar 2, Which one amongst the following rivers flows through a rift valley? \ (a) Mahanadi (b) Krishna (c) Tungabhadra (d) Tapi 3. Name the city at which the Ganga enters the plains from the Himalayas— 7 @) Haridwar (b) Prayag (©) Himachal _—(d) West Bengal 4. Which one of the following river rises in the highlands of Chhattisgarh? (a) Mahanadi (b) Krishna (c) Tapi (d) Damodar 5. Name the northernmost point of the Ganga delta— ~~ (a)Farakka (b) Chambal (©) Allahabad. (d) Bangladesh 6. By what name Brahmaputra is known in Tibet? (a) Jamuna (b) Dibang (©) Tsang Po (d) Dihang ‘1. The river Krishna has its source at— (a)"Mansarowar (b) Mahabaleshwar (c) Marble rocks (d) Dhuadhar falls 8: Which of the lake is a result of the tectonic activities— (a) Wular (b) Chilika (©) Pulicat (@ Dal 9. Name the largest ‘Delta’ formed by river Ganga and Brahmaputra— (a) Sundarban delta(b) Kaveri delta (c) Cooum delta _(d) Indus delta 10. Name the biggest waterfall in India— (a) Jog Falls (b) Dudhsagar Falls (c) VantaungFalls (d) Tholaiyar Falls 11. In which year Ganga Action Plan (GAP) was initiated? (a) 1985 (b) 2000 (©) 1979 (@ 2001 12. Which of the following is an artificial lake— (a) Dal lake (b) Nainital lake —_(¢) Gobind Sagar (d) Chilika lake 3. The Satluj, the Beas, the Ravi, the Chenab and the Jhelum are the tributaries of the following river— (a) Ganga (b) Brahmaputra —_(c) Indus (d) Mahanadi 14. The confluence of Bhagirathi and Alaknanda takes place at— (a) Bangladesh (b) Haridwar (©) Devaprayag (d) Amarkantak 15. The length of the Ganga is over km. (a) 2500 (b) 3500 © “4200 (a) 4500 Ans. l(a) 2.(d) 3.(a) 4.(a) 5.(a) 6(0) 7.0) Bla) 9% (a) 10.0) I.(a) 12.(c) 13.(¢-) 14.(¢) 15. (a) 11. i. a i in the blanks: | }\!\ ) 1. River Narmada has its source at 2. is the longest river of the Peninsular India. 3. The largest river basin in India is : 4, __ is the largest freshwater lake. 5. river is also known as the ‘Dakshin Ganga’. 6. Sambhar lake is situated in state. 7. Total length of Indus river isWular 5. Godavari 6. Rajasthan 7. 2900 km. é or False : { AN) According to Indus Water Tre; by Indus river. g, The world’s largest drainage basin is of Amazon river. 3. The Narmada river conservation mission has been. taken by Maharashtra government. 4, The Namami Gange Programmes is an integrated conservation mission approved by union government in 2014. 5, Source of Brahmaputra is near to s aty Pakistan can use 20 percent of total water carried ‘ources of Ganga and Indus river. 6. The Malabar Coast in Maharashtra is known for its backwaters. Ans. 1,/False 2. True 3.False 4.True 5.False 6. True ch the Column : f Column A Column B (1) Godavari (a) Jammu and Kashmir (2) The Sunderban Delta (b) River Kaveri (3) The Namami Gange Program (©) The largest Peninsular river (4) The Wular Lake (@ June 2014 (5) Shivasamudram (e) Royal Bengal Tiger Ans. 1. (c) 2(e) 3@ 4a) 5..(b) 2 Column A Column B (1) Wular Lake (a) Meghalaya (2) Barapani Lake (b) Andhra Pradesh (3) Chilika Lake (©) Jammu and Kashmir (4) Kolleru Lake (@) Odisha Ans. 1. (c) 2. (a) 3. (d) 5. (b) Very Short Answer Type Questions : Q.1. What are perennial rivers? Give two examples. | Ané. Perennial rivers are those which have water throughout the year. These rivers receive water from rain as well as from melted snow of the mountains. Example: ‘The Ganga river, the Indus river and the Brahmaputra river. Q.2. What do you understand by seasonal rivers? Give two examples. : Aris. Seasonal rivers are those which are dependent upon rainfall for their flow. During the dry’season, even the large seasonal rivers have reduced the flow of water. Example : The Mahanadi river, the Godavari river, the Narmada river. 7 ¢ and mouth of a river? a Tee the river originates is called its source. It is the furthest place in the fiver. The place where a river enters a lake, larger river, or the ocean and endé its journey, is known as the mouth of the river. ¥does the Ganga develop large meanders? Me Ganga plain from Ambala to the Sunderban has a long stretch of over nearly 1,800 km. However, its slope falls at a very low variation. It is a fall of just one metre for every 6 km. Therefore, the Ganga River develops large meanders.Q.5. Why is the river Godavari often referred to as Dakshin Ganga? “Ans! ‘The Ganga is the largest river of India with the largest drainage basin. Similar) the Godavari is the largest river of Peninsular India with the largest drainag, basin. Therefore, the Godavari is often referred to as Dakshin Ganga. Q. 6, What are salt water lakes? Give example of a salt water lake in India, \Ané. The lakes that have a significantly higher concentration of salts are called the sai, ~ water lakes. The Sambhar lake in Rajasthan is a salt-water lake. Their water ig used to produce salt. Q.7 Give one feature of Tsangpo and Jamuna. : \.Ans. Tsangpo carries a smaller volume of water and less silt in the cold and dry areas ix ‘Tibet. Jamuna carries a lot of water in Bangladesh and spreads silt in the riverbed Q.8. Name any two picturesque locations formed by Narmada river. ‘Ans. The two picturesque locations formed by the Narmada are : Marble Rocks, near Jabalpur where the Narmada flows through a deep gorge, and the Dhuadhar falls where the river narrows down and creates a waterfall. Q. 9.’ What is the river system of an area called? Ans. Drainage. Q.10. What is the area drained by a single river system is called? ‘Ans. A drainage basin. Q. 11. What is an elevated area separating two drainage basins called? ‘Ans. A water divide. Q.12. Where does the Indus river originate? Ans. Near Lake Mansarowar in Tibet. Q. 13’ Where does the Indus river enters India? ‘Ans. Itenters India in the Ladakh. Q. 14: Near which place does the Satluj, the Beas, the Ravi, the Chenab and the ~~ Jhelum join together to enter the Indus? Ans, “Near Mithankot in Pakistan. Q.15. What part of the of the Indus basin is located in India? ‘Ans. Slightly over a third part. Q.16. Which treaty regulates the water division of the river Indus between India and Pakistan? Ans. The Indus Water Treaty of 1960. Q. 17. Name the place from where the river Ganga gets its name. ‘Ans. Devaprayag. Q. 18. Where does the river Brahmaputra rise? ‘Ans. At east of Mansarowar lake in Tibet. Q.19. In which Indian state does the Brahmaputra river enter India from Tibet? ‘Ans. In Arunachal Pradesh. Q. 20. What is the Brahmaputra river called in Arunachal Pradesh. Ans. Dihang. Q. 21. What is the Brahmaputra river known as in Bangladesh? ‘Ans. Jamuna. Q. 22. Which is the main water divide in Peninsular India? ‘Ans. The Western Ghats. Q. 23. Name the place where the Narmada river flows through a deep gorge-Ans. ‘Une Marble Kocks near Jabalpur. Q.24. Name the waterfall created by the Narmada? ‘Ans. The Dhuadhar Falls, Q.25. Where does the Tapi river rise? ‘Aus. In the Satpura ranges, in the Betul district of. Madhya Pradesh. Q.26. Where does the Godavari river rise? Ans. From the slopes of the Western Ghats in the Nasik district of Maharashtra. Q.27. Name any one large tributary of the Godavari river. Ans. The Manjra/the Wainganga/ the Penganga. Q. 28. Name any one tributary of the Krishna river. Ans. The Tungabhadra/the Koyna/the Ghataprabha/the Musi/the Bhima. Q.29. Where does the Kaveri river rise? Ans. In the Brahmagiri range of the Western Ghats. Q.30. At which place does the river Kaveri drain into the Bay of Bengal? Ans. In south of Cuddalore, in Tamil Nadu. Q.31. Which type of lake is developed from the cut-offs of a meandering river? Ans. The ox-bow lakes. Q.32. Give examples of lagoon. Ans. The Chilika lake/the Pulicat lake/the Kolleru lake. Q.33. Which lake has been built on the Bhakra Dam? Ans. Guru Gobind Sagar. Q.34. Name large lakes which are also called a sea. Ans. The Caspian Sea/the Dead Sea/the Aral Sea. Short Answer Type Questions: « CA Q. 1. Describe the erosional and depositional activities performed by the Himalayan rivers in the upper, middle and lower courses? is. The Himalayan rivers perform intensive erosional activity in their upper courses. These rivers flow very quickly through the steep slopes of the mountains and cause a lot of erosion. They cut through the mountains forming deep valleys and gorges. They carry huge loads of eroded silt and sand with them to the lower regions having gentle slopes. In their middle course and the lower courses, where the land is level and flat the rivers slow down and cause less erosion. They are unable to carry the load of sand and silt and begin to start depositing it in the floodplains. Here, they form many depositional features, such“as meanders, ox-bow lakes and well-developed deltas. Q. 2-Explain the journey of the river Ganga in its lower course. \ Afis. Farakka in West Bengal is the northern—most point of the Ganga delta. The Ganga splits here into two streams—the Bhagirathi-Hooghly and the mainstream. The Bhagirathi-Hooghly flows southwards, forms the deltaic plain and eventually drains into the Bay of Bengal. ‘The mainstream of the Ganga flows into Bangladesh where it is called the Padma tiver, The Padma is then joined by the Jamuna river. Further downstream, it is known as the Meghna river which then flows into the Bay of Bengal. The delta formed by the Padma, Meghna and Brahmaputra is known as the Sunderban delta. The Sundarban delta is the world’s largest and fastest growing delta.Q. 3. Where are most of India’s freshwater lakes located and why? Ans, Most of the freshwater Inkes of India arc located in the Himalayan region. Thy lofty ranges of the Himalayas are snow covered and have many glaciers. The glaciers gj out. basin which is later filled with slowly melting snow, thus resulting in the formation of freshwater lakes. Tectonic activity in the Himalayan region also results in the formation of depressions, which are later filled with melting snow forming freshwater lakes, Q.4. From where does the river Krishna originate? Name its tributaries, Mention the names of the states covered by it. Ans. The river Krishna rises from a spring near Mahabaleshwar. It flows eastwards to the Bay of Bengal. The Tungabhadra, the Koyna, the Bhima, the Ghatprabha anj the Musi are important tributaries of the river Krishna. The drainage basin of the river Krishna lies in’ Maharashtra, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh. Q. 5, Describe the main features of Narmada basin. Ans. The three main features of Narmada Basin are as follows: \\ The Narmada river emerges from the Amarkantak hills in Madhya Pradesh, (i) _ It flows towards the west in a rift valley. The river formed due to faulting. (ii) The Narmada creates some beautiful, scenic locations on its way to the Arabian Sea. Such as The ‘Marble rocks’, near Jabalpur the Dhuadhar falls’. Gv) The tributaries of the Narmada are very short and most of these join the river at right angles. Q. 6. Write the differences and similarities between the Narmada and Tapi basins. Ans. Differences : MU ONEurGeesy ie MUCUS e Eta @_ |The Tapi river originates in the Satpura ranges, in the Betul| @ the Amarkantak hills in Madhya Pradesh. district of Madhya Pradesh. Gi) | The Narmada basin is spread over | (ii) | The Tapi basin is spread over parts parts of Madhya Pradesh and of Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat and Gujarat. Maharashtra (aii) The Narmada is much longer than | (ii) | The Tapi is much shorter than the| the Tapi. Narmada. J Similarities? Gi) Both’rivers flows westwards in a rift valley and drain into the Arabian Sea. (ii) Both have trellis drainage pattern as they flow on hard and soft rocks lying parallel to each other. 7. Where does the Kaveri river originate? Write some features of the Ans. The Kaveri originates in the Brahmagiri range of the Western Ghats, Some of the key features of the river are () It is about-760 km long. (i) It drains into the Bay of Bengal in south of Cuddalore, in Tamil Nadu. (ii) Amravati, Bhavani, Hemavati and Kabini are its main tributaries. (iv) Its drainage basin covers parts of Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu. () It makes the second biggest waterfall in India, which is known as Jog fallsThe fall Field. Q. 8 What are the objectives of NRCP"? Write a short note on it. Aas. (i) ‘NRCP means ‘National River Conservation Plan’. ‘The main objective of NRCP is to improve the water quality of the rivers, Gi) The river cleaning programme in the country was initiated with the launching of the Ganga Action Plan in 1985. ‘The Ganga Action Plan was expanded to cover other rivers under NRCP in the year | supplies hydroelectric power to Mysore, Bengaluru and the Kolar Gold 1995. Q. 9. Enumerate any two features of Indian river system. Ans. (i) The drainage system of India are controlled by the broad relief features of the subcontinent. Gi) The Indian rivers are divided into 2 major groups. (a) The Himalayan rivers. (b) The Peninsular rivers. Q. 10. Write any three features of the Himalayan rivers. ‘Ans. Three features of the Himalayan rivers are as follows : i) These originate in the Himalayas and drain into the northern plain. (i) Most of these rivers are perennial and receive water throughout the year from rainfall as well as from the melting snow. (ii) These rivers have long courses and carry out lot of erosional activities in their upper courses. Q. 11. Write any three features of the peninsular rivers. Ans. Three features of the peninsular rivers are as follows: () Most of these rivers originate in the Western Ghats and flow towards the Bay of Bengal in the east. (i) Most peninsular rivers are seasonal, and are entirely dependent on rain. During the dry season, the flow of water reduces in the large rivers too. (ii) Most peninsular rivers have short and shallow courses. Q. 12 Describe the Indus Water Treaty. ‘Ané. The Indus Water Treaty was signed by India and Pakistan in 1960. It regulates the sharing of the water of the Indus river between the two countries. It says India can use only 20 per cent of the total water carried by Indus river system. ‘This water is used for irrigation in Punjab, Haryana and the southern and the western parts of Rajasthan. Q. 13. What are the features of the Yamuna river? Ans,he features of the Yamuna river are as follows Gy Yamuna river originates from the Yamunotri glacier of the Himalayas. Gi) It is the largest tributary of Ganga river. Gi) Itmoves parallel to the Ganga for a long distance and finally meets it at Allahabad. (iv) Itis the right bank tributary of Ganga river Q. 14. Name the three Himalayan river systems. Give two tributaries of each, ‘Ans. ‘The three Himalayan river systems and their tributaries of each are (i) ‘The Indus river system, with Satluj and Beas as its tributaries. (i) ‘The Ganga river system, with Yamuna and Ghaghara as its tributaries,(ii) The Brahmaputra river system, with Dibang and Lohit as its tributaries. Q. 15. Describe any three important features of the river Brahmaputra. Ans. The three important features of the river Brahmaputra are as follows : @) It passes through a high rainfall region and therefore carries a large volume of water and silt. (i) Tt has braided channel in its entire length in Assam and forms many riverine islands. Gii)_ In rainy season, the river overflows causing widespread flood in Assam ang Bangladesh. Q. 16. What are the features of Sundarban delta? Ans. The features of Sundarban delta are : ()/ It is the world’s largest and fastest growing delta. w® It derived its name from the mangrove trees, locally called as Sundari, which grow well in marshy land of the delta. Gi) The’Delta is the home of Royal Bengal Tiger. Q. 17 What are the causes of river pollution? Ans. The causes of river pollution are’: * Rivers are polluted by domestic, municipal, industrial and agricultural waste. This affects the quality of water. e Large amount of untreated sewage are dumped into the rivers. This affects the self cleansing capacity of water. © Increasing pollution by urbanisation and industrialisation also contribute to river pollution which has increased to very high levels. Long Answer Type Questions: 4 Q. 1. Describe about Himalayan river. Or Explain the drainage system of Indus river. Or Explain the drainage system of Ganga river. Ans. Himalayan rivers—The major Himalayan rivers are (1) the Indus, (2) the Ganga and (3) the Brahmaputra. These rivers are long, and are joined by many large and important tributaries. They can be described as follows— A. Indus River System— () Origin : The river Indus rises in Tibet, near Lake Mansarowar and it enters India in the Ladakh district of Jammu and Kashmir. Indus is one of the longest rivers of the world. (i) Main Tributaries : Main tributaries of this river are the Zaskar, Nubra, Shyok, Hunza, Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi and Beas river. (iii) Water flow pattern : The Indus River flows west from its origin it enters India in the Ladalh district of Jammu and Kashmir. Later it flows through Baltista? and Gilgit and emerges from the mountains at Attock. Beyond this, the Indus flows southwards eventually reaching the Arabian Sea, east of Karachi. (iv) Water and Area : It creates a gentle slope plain. A little over a third of the Indus basin is located in India and the rest is in Pakistan.Gi) @ Gi) Gii) Gv) ee. ‘Tapi Basin : The Tapi rises in the Satpura ranges, in the Betul district Madhya Pradesh. It also flows in a rift valley. It is much shorter in length, It, basin covers parts of Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat and Maharashtra states. The other west flowing rivers are Sabarmati, Mahi, Bharathpuzha and Periyay’ Rivers flow eastwards or drain into the Bay of Bengal : Godavari, Mahanadi, Krishna and Kaveri are main rivers. Godavari : It is the largest Peninsular river. It rises from the slopes of the Western Ghats in the Nasik district of Maharashtra. Its drainage basin is the largest among the peninsular rivers. It’s main tributaries are Purna, Wardha, Pranhita, Manjra, Wainganga and Penganga. Because of its length and the area it covers, it is also known as the Dakshin Ganga. The basin covers parts of Maharashtra Madhya Pradesh, Odisha and Andhra Pradesh. Mahanadi : The Mahanadi rises in the highlands of Chhattisgarh. The length of the river is about 860 km. It covers part of Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, and Odisha. Krishna River : This river rises from a spring near Mahabaleshwar. It’s length is about 1400 km. The Tungabhadra, the Koyana, the Ghatprabha, the Musi and the Bhima are some of its tributaries. Its drainage basin is shared by Maharasthra, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh. Kaveri river : The Kaveri rises in the Brahmagri range of the Western Ghats. Its main tributaries are Amravati, Bhavani, Hemavati and Kabini. This river flows through parts of Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu. The Damoder, the Brahmani, the Baitarni and the Subarnrekha are some major rivers flowing Aowards the east. What do you understand by lakes? Describe about the lakes in India: Ans. The trough of the surface of the earth in which water accumulates is called lakes. — Lakes in India—India has many lakes. These differ from each other in size and other characteristics. They are as follows— @ Gq) Gii) ai) Gi) (iii) Permanent or temporary/ Seasonal Natural or manmade Fresh water or salt water Permanent or temporary lakes : Most lakes are permanent. Only some contain water during the rainy season such as- lakes in the basins of inland drainage of semi-arid regions. For example, the Sambhar lake in Rajasthan. Natural or manmade lakes : Lakes formed due to natural act! known as natural lakes. It involves glaciers, ice rocks, air, rivers and geological activities. Spits and bars form natural lakes by forming lagoons in o areas. For example- Wular, Dal, Chilika etc. lakes. Lakes are also formed by damming of the rivers by human. ‘This is known a man made lakes. For example—Guru Gobind Sagar. Fresh water or salt water lakes ; Lakes contain sweet water are called fresh water lakes and lales contain saline water are called salt water lake. Mostly freshwater lakes are in Himalayan range. They are of glacial origin. Wular, Dal, Bhimtal, Nainital, Loktak and Barapani are some other important freshwatet lakes. Chilika, Pulicat, Kolleru and Sambhar ete. lakes are saltwater cay