90.

1-2004: An Overview of the Lighting and Power Requirements April 19, 2007 The Basis for Energy Requirements slide 2 Energy Conservation and Production Act, as amended by EPAct, requires States to adopt a commercial energy code ...This drives state adoption of energy codes DOE determines the effective stringency level to meet or exceed Many code/standard versions available and currently adopted varies by state: Some adopt nationally available codes/standards Some develop state-specific codes Some have no code!

Commercial Energy Codes Adoption by State slide 3

None State 90A 90 B ASHRAE 89 ASHRAE 99 ASHRAE 01 ASHRAE 04 00 IECC 01 IECC 03 IECC 04 IECC 06 IECC

90.1-2004: Lighting Overview

Standard 90.1-2004 Basics slide 4 Jointly sponsored by ASHRAE and IESNA 2004 is the current versionbut many states have older versions of 90.1 in place (2001, 1999, 1989) Many State-specific codes and the IECC are based on 90.1. IECC references 90.1 as compliance option 2004 version is the commercial building energy code reference in NFPA 5000 2004 version lighting power limits are approximately 25% more stringent than previous versions

Building Power Requirements slide 5 Voltage Drop: Feeder conductors Run between the service entrance and the branch circuit 2% maximum voltage drop allowed Branch circuit conductors Run from the final circuit breaker to the outlet or load 3% maximum voltage drop allowed

Building Power Requirements slide 6 Document submittals: owner gets information about the buildings electrical system Record drawings of actual installation within 30 days Single-line diagram of electrical distribution system Floor plans showing location of distribution equipment and areas served by equipment Manuals Submittal data stating equipment nameplate rating O&M manuals for equipment Qualified service agency Complete narrative and schematic of system as its normally intended to operate

Standard 90.1 Lighting Scope slide 7 New Construction and Additions All commercial type buildings including residential structures of 4 or more stories above grade Interior and exterior lighting Some exceptions to all requirements: Lighting in dwelling units Emergency lighting that is normally off Lighting required by life, health, safety statute 2

90.1-2004: Lighting Overview

Historic buildings (whole code exemption)

Alterations/Renovations Generally treated as new construction Some exemptions apply

Basic Lighting Requirements slide 8 Prescriptive Requirements

Mandatory Requirements (Interior and Exterior)

Interior Lighting Power Limits

Exterior Lighting Power Limits

Controls

Total Connected Power

<

Switching

Interior Lighting Power Allowance Whole Building

Tradable NonTradable

Efficiency

Exemptions OR Space-by-Space

Additional Allowances
A Few Words About Alterations/Renovations slide 9 The requirements are effectively the same as for new construction or additions: The replacement of lighting systems in building spaces must comply Any new or replacement control devices must comply Exception: Replacement of less than 50% of the luminaires in a space need not comply (if no increase in power density)

Mandatory: Individual Space Control slide 10 At least one for each room or space enclosed by ceiling-height partitions in spaces 10,000 ft2, each control serves 2500 ft2 maximum and in spaces > 10,000 ft2, serves 10,000 ft2 maximum Readily accessible to occupants 3

90.1-2004: Lighting Overview

Remote location is allowed to accommodate areas where safety or security is a concern

Intent: Allow occupants to control unneeded lighting

Mandatory: Additional Space Controls slide 11 Hotel/motel guest room lighting must be controlled at room entry Intent: Allow occupant to turn off lights at exit point Occupancy sensors are required in: Classrooms (except shop,lab,K-12) Conference/meeting rooms Employee lunch/break rooms Intent: Capture major occupied hours wasted light Mandatory: Individual Space Control slide 12 Additional control required for: Display/accent lighting Case lighting Task lighting Nonvisual lighting Demonstration lighting

Intent: Provide opportunity to turn off special application lighting

Mandatory: Automatic Shutoff slide 13 Automatic lighting shutoff control device required in all buildings larger than 5,000 ft2 Override of automatic shutoff required for not more than 4 hours Exceptions to automatic shutoff: Lighting for 24-hour operation Patient care spaces 4

90.1-2004: Lighting Overview

Areas with safety or security concerns

Intent: Eliminate after hours lighting waste Mandatory: Automatic Shutoff slide 14 Compliance options: 1. Control lights on a scheduled basis (automatic time switch) Time-of-day controller Controls 25,000 ft2 and not more than one floor 2. Occupant sensor Turn lights off within 30 minutes of occupant leaving the space 3. Signal from another control or alarm that indicates the area is unoccupied NOTE: earlier versions include faulty occupant intervention phrase Application of Automatic Shutoff slide 15 Intent is to apply to business entities or structures where whole building control is practical Example applications: Strip mall individual business unit Multi-tenant office whole building with tenant schedule control Mandatory: Exterior Lighting Control slide 16 Intent: Eliminate exterior lighting left on during the day

Photocell (for dawn-to-dusk lighting) OR Seven-day/seasonal programmable with astronomic correction and 4 hour battery backup Exceptions: Covered vehicle entrances Exits from buildings or parking structures (where required for safety, security, or eye adaptation)

Mandatory: Tandem Wiring/Exit Signs slide 17 Tandem wiring: eliminate use of single lamp ballast where possible

Intent: Eliminate use of magnetic ballasts driving single lamps Exit signs: limited to 5 watts per face maximum 5

90.1-2004: Lighting Overview

Intent: Control extended use applications where practical

Prescriptive: Interior Lighting Power slide 18 Prescriptive Option Whole Building or Space-by-space method Compare actual Installed Power (wattage) to Lighting Power Allowance (lighting power density LPD) limits Additional power allowances and exemptions available

A few words about the Performance Option Energy Cost Budget Whole building energy use modeling Compare prescriptively compliant base building with proposed building Can provide flexibility but requires detailed modeling inputs Intent: Eliminate waste by promoting thoughtful design and application

Prescriptive: Determine Installed Power slide 19 Calculate installed lighting wattage for entire lighted space(s) Include all permanent and portable interior lighting designed for general, ambient, or task illumination Exception: for 2 or more mutually exclusive lighting systems only count the system with highest wattage

Prescriptive: Determine Installed Power slide 20 Standard incandescent = labeled wattage of the luminaire Luminaires with ballasts = wattage of the lamp/ballast combination not just nominal lamp wattage! Line voltage track = actual wattage with minimum 30 W per foot Low voltage track = transformer wattage All others as specified on equipment

90.1-2004: Lighting Overview

Prescriptive: Wattage Exemptions slide 21 Lighting for the following can be excluded: Theatrical, stage, film, and video production Used only during medical and dental procedures Display/accent in exhibits/displays for museums, monuments, and galleries Plant growth or maintenance Integral to equipment or instrumentation installed by manufacturer Integral to both open and glass-enclosed refrigerator and freezer cases Food warming and food prep equipment In retail display windows when the display is enclosed by ceiling-height partitions For use in areas specifically designed for the visually impaired In spaces specifically designated as registered interior historic landmarks Integral part of advertising or directional signage Exit signs Sale or lighting educational demonstration systems For television broadcasting of sporting activities Casino gaming areas (90.1-2007 will add task lights that are occupancy sensor controlled)

Prescriptive: Lighting Power Allowance slide 22 Choose appropriate Lighting Power Density (LPD) Whole Building Path Easier Less flexibility Space-by-Space Path More math Often higher potential total allowance Multiply LPD by square footage Whole building LPD times total building area Space-by-space LPD times space area(s) and sum values

90.1-2004: Lighting Overview

Space LPDs slide 23 90.1-2004 Space type LPD sample

90.1-2004 Space Type (LPD) Allowance - Partial List Building Type Space Type description Watts/sqft Common Space Type Corridor/Transition 0.5 Common Space Type Classroom/Lecture/Training 1.4 Common Space Type Electrical/Mechanical 1.4 Common Space Type Dining Area 0.9 Common Space Type Food Preparation 1.2 Common Space Type Lounge/Recreation 1.2 Common Space Type Stairs - Inactive 0.4 Common Space Type Stairway 0.6 Common Space Type Restrooms 0.9 Common Space Type Lobby 1.3 Common Space Type Atrium - first three floors 0.6 Common Space Type Atrium - each additional floor 0.2 Common Space Type Office - enclosed 1.1 Common Space Type Office - open plan 1.1 Common Space Type Conference Meeting/Multipurpose 1.3 Common Space Type Inactive storage 0.3 Common Space Type Active storage 0.8 Auditorium Lobby 1.0 Convention Center Exhibit space 1.3 Court House Courtroom 1.9 Exercise Center Dressing/Locker/Fitting Room 0.6 Hospital/Healthcare Exam/Treatment 1.5 Hospital/Healthcare Emergency 2.7 Hospital/Healthcare Recovery 0.8 Library Stacks 1.7 Library Reading Area 1.2 Manufacturing Facility General Low Bay 1.2 Manufacturing Facility General High Bay 1.7 Museum General exhibition 1.0 Parking Garage Parking Area - Pedestrian 0.2 Performing Arts Theatre Audience/Seating Area 2.6 Police/Fire Station Fire Station Engine room 0.7 Post Office Sorting Area 1.2 Transportation Airport - Concourse 0.6 Transportation Terminal - Ticket counter 1.5

90.1-2004: Lighting Overview

Whole Building LPDs slide 24 90.1-2004 whole building LPD values as shown 90.1-2004 Whole Building (LPD) Allowance
Building Type RETAIL OFFICE POST OFFICE DINING: BAR LOUNGE/LEISURE CONVENTION CENTER MUSEUM PARKING GARAGE COURTHOUSE POLICE STATIONS HEALTHCARE/CLINIC HOSPITAL MANUFACTURING PERFORMING ARTS THEATER SCHOOL/UNIVERSITY SCHOOL/UNIVERSITY SCHOOL/UNIVERSITY TOWN HALL PENITENTIARY TRANSPORTATION WORKSHOP FIRE STATIONS LIBRARY HOTEL MOTEL MOTION PICTURE THEATRE DINING: CAFETERIA/FAST FOOD DORMITORY MULTI-FAMILY EXCERCISE CENTER SPORTS ARENA DINING: FAMILY GYMNASIUM AUTOMOTIVE FACILITY RELIGIOUS BUILDINGS slide 27 WAREHOUSE Watts per Square Foot 1.5 1 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.1 0.3 1.2 1 1 1.2 1.3 1.6 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 1 1 1.4 1 1.3 1 1 1.2 1.4 1 0.7 1 1.1 1.6 1.1 0.9 1.3 0.8

90.1-2004: Lighting Overview

How Were the Space Type LPDs Developed? slide 25 Developed within the ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1 Lighting subcommittee with IESNA committee support Similar general process for 90.1-1999, 2001, 2004 Apply: Current lighting product performance data Current lamp/ballast efficacy and light loss factors Latest IES recommended light levels Professional consensus of quality lighted environments Combine these elements into building space models to calculate lighting power densities

and Whole Building LPDs? slide 26 Develop detailed space-by-space data for commercial buildings Source: DODGE Construction data plans sets - best available current, multiple commercial building data Perform space type area takeoffs for detailed square footage by space type for typical buildings Current set at 246 buildings for 31 building types Assign applicable space type model LPD for each space Calculate whole building LPD

Process Detail Available at IESNA slide 27 Interactive version of the process is available at IESNA at: http://12.109.133.232/cgi-bin/lpd/lpdhome.pl Prescriptive: Additional Lighting Power slide 28 Additional power allowed for design flexibility and specific needs These are use-it-or-lose-it allowances They must be used only for specific designed use and not for general illumination Should be separately switched from other general lighting

Prescriptive: Additional Lighting Power slide 29 Decorative luminaires in addition to the general lighting at 1.0 W/ft2 Use of specific luminaires designed to eliminate computer screen glare at 0.35 W/ft2 Retail Display Lighting: Additional 1.6 W/ft2 of specific display, or Additional 3.9 W/ft2 of specific display for valuable merchandise, such as jewelry, fine apparel and accessories, china and silver, art, and similar items, where detailed display and examination of merchandise are important 10

90.1-2004: Lighting Overview

Exterior Lighting Power slide 30 Building grounds lighting luminaires over 100 watts must have lamp efficacy of at least 60 lumen/Watt Exterior Building Lighting Power must meet prescribed wattage limits. Exterior applications divided into 2 categories:

Tradable: allowed wattage may be traded among these applications Non-Tradable: allowed wattage cannot be traded between surfaces or with other exterior lighting Exterior Lighting Power slide 31 The total exterior lighting power allowance is the sum of the individual lighting power densities [LPD]. .plus an additional unrestricted allowance of 5% of that sum. Trade-offs are allowed only among Tradable Surfaces applications. Some exemptions apply

Exterior LPDs: 90.1-2004 slide 32 Applications Lighting Power Densities

Tradable Surfaces (Lighting Power Densities for open parking areas, building grounds, building entrances and exits, canopies and overhangs, and outdoor sales areas may be traded) Uncovered Parking Areas Parking lots and drives Building Grounds Walkways less than 10 feet wide Walkways 10 feet wide or greater, Plaza areas and Special feature areas Stairways 1.0 W/linear foot 0.2 W/ft2 1.0 W/ft2 0.15 W/ft2

90.1-2004: Lighting Overview

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Exterior LPDs: 90.1-2004 slide 33 Applications More Tradable Surfaces Building Entrances and Exits Main entries Other doors Canopies and Overhangs Canopies (free standing & attached) and overhangs Outdoor Sales Open areas (including vehicle sales lots) Street frontage for vehicle sales lots in addition to open area allowance Exterior LPDs: 90.1-2004 slide 34 Applications Lighting Power Densities 0.5 W/ft2 20 W/linear foot 30 W/linear foot of door width 20 W/linear foot of door width 1.25 W/ft2 Lighting Power Densities

Non-Tradable Surfaces (Lighting Power Density calculations for the following applications can only be used for the specific application and cannot be traded between surfaces or with other exterior lighting. The following allowances are in addition to any allowance otherwise permitted in the Tradable Surfaces section of this table.) Building facades 0.2 W/ft2 for each illuminated wall or surface or 5.0 W/linear foot for each illuminated wall or surface length Automated teller machines & night depositories Entrances and gatehouse inspection stations at guarded facilities 270 W per location plus 90 watts per additional ATM per location 1.25 W/ft2 of uncovered area (covered areas are included in the Canopies and Overhangs section of Tradable Surfaces)

90.1-2004: Lighting Overview

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Exterior LPDs: 90.1-2004 slide 35 Applications Non-Tradable Surfaces Loading areas for law enforcement, 0.5 W/ft2 of uncovered area (covered fire, ambulance and other emergency areas are included in the Canopies and service vehicles Overhangs section of Tradable Surfaces) Drive-up windows at fast food restaurants 400 W per drive through Lighting Power Densities

Parking near 24-hour retail entrances 800 W per main entry

Exterior Lighting Power Exemptions slide 36 The following are exempt when equipped with separate control: Specialized signal, directional, and marker lighting associated with transportation; Lighting that is integral to advertising signage or directional signage; Lighting that is integral to equipment or instrumentation and is installed by its manufacturer; Lighting for theatrical purposes, including performance, stage, film, and video production; Lighting for athletic playing areas; Temporary lighting; Lighting for industrial production, material handling, transportation sites, and associated storage areas; Theme elements in theme/amusement parks; Lighting used to highlight features of public monuments and registered historic landmark structures or buildings.

More Information slide 37 Standard 90.1-2004, the Users Manual, and more detailed training opportunities are available from:

www.ashrae.org www.iesna.org More information on the standard and compliance tools available from: www.energycodes.gov 90.1-2004: Lighting Overview 13