>» Each question has four choices (a), (2), (¢) and tout of which TA ray of light passes fom vacuum into a medium of reffactive index y, the angle of incidence is found to be ‘srietheangle oftefraction, Then theanglef incidence is (2081! # ©) si af) © so" © cos A rectangular tank ofepth 8 meters fill of water (1=4/3), the bottom is seen at the depth @ 6m — @) 83m 8am @) 10am ‘Whon lights refracted from denser torarer medium, then (@)_ its wavelength, Frequeney both increase ©) its wavelength increases, frequency remains unchangeei (©) its wavelength decreases, frequeney remains unchanged (@) its wavelength, frequency both decrease 4. Which of the following isfare truefalse relations? Lom=a My = my, * WL my = M m= 5 sa a Ht ia @ TET & TELT (© ELIT (@ TIT AApcording to the total internal reflection which of the following statements i/are trufalse? [Looming isan optical illusion in cold countries, IL Mirage isan optical illusion in deserts. Il Brilliance of diamond is due to repeated internal reflection, @ TIT (© TET @) TIE (@) None of these 6 9. na, Ray Optics and Optical Instruments @ Two thin lenses are in contact and the focal length of the combination is 80 em. Ifthe focal length of one lens is 20 cm, then the power ofthe other lens will be G@) L66D(b) 4000 (e) 10D @ 278d ‘A lens made of lass whose index of refraction is 1,60 has a focal length of + 20 em in air. Its focal length in water, ‘whose refractive index is 1,33, willbe (@)threetimes longer then in sir (©) twotimes longer than in air (©) sameas in air (d)_ None of these A bi-convex lens made of glass (reffactive index 1.S)isput ina liquid ofrefeactive index 1.7 Is focal lengths will (a) decrease and change sir (b) inerease and change sign (©) decrease and remain of the same sign (@)imerease and remain ofthe same sign Te graph between angle of deviation (8) and angle of incidence () for atriangular prism is represented by a eee | a “IN Find the reactive index ofthe material ofthe prism, ifthe tngleof mininnam deviation fem ofprism is 53° [take sin 26 $°= 12.234] @ 18) 19) 28K @ 3 The angle of prism is 60° and angle of deviation is 30°, In the position of minimum deviation, the values of angle of incidence and angle of emergence are: (@) i=4S%e= 50° (b) F= 30% 0 = 45° © 1-40-45") (= 30% 0 = 30° The focal length of the objective ofa telescope is 60 em. Toobtain amagnifcation of20, the focal length of the eye piece should be (@ 2em —(b) 3am iam is 37-andangle (© 4m @) Sam13. 18, 16. ra 1. 20, ‘The focal length of the objective and the eyepiece of a Iolesope ae Sem and S em respectively. Mihelslescope is focussed fr distinct vision om a sea distant 2m Kom itsobjectiv, then its magnifying power willbe @-4 &-8 +8 @ -2 Ja compound microscope, the foal length of objective lensis 12 emand eal length oe pies is3 bem. When objects ke at 1.25 om in frntofabective, ial images formed a infinity. Magnifying power ef the compound microscope should be @M OO © Ww 10 Larger aperuseofobjcivelensin anasteenomical telescope (@) increases the resolving poner of telescope, (decreases the brightness ofthe image (6) increases he size of tne image (G)_ decreases ihe length ofthe telescope. ‘A biconvex lens of glass having refractive index 1.47 is jimmersed ina liquid, Trbecemes invisible and behaves as ‘plane glassplte. The refractive index ofthe liga is OM O12 O13 @ Lt A ray flightineident ata angle Oona reacting faceoF {prism emerges from the other facenormally Hthe angle ofthe prise i 5° and the prism is made of a material of reffactiveinder 15, heangleofineidenceis oF OF OIF WI ‘An objcet approaches a convergent lens from the let of the lens with uniform speed 5 misand stops the fons Theimage () mavesavsay fram the lens with an uniform spe Ss {©) movesaway rom thelenswithan unifvem eeeeeaton (6) moves away from the lens with a noncuniform acceleration (8) movestowards the ens with non-niform aceseration ‘Youare given far soueesof light each one proving light ofa single colour -rd, blu, grec and yellow Suppose the langle traction for a beam of yellow lie commending toaparscularansleoficidenceaheinesice of wo media 48 90", Which ofthe following statements i coset if he scurce of yellow light is replaced win that of other Highs ‘witha changing the angleo incidence? (@) The beam of red light would undergo total intemal tefl (&) The bean oFre light would ber towards normal while it gets refracted through the second meslium (©) The beam of blue light would undergo total internal reflection (@) The beam of green light would bend aay from the ‘normal sit gets relfacted through the second medium “The radius of curvature of the curved surface ofa plano- ccanvex lens is 20 cm. Ifthe reactive index ofthe material ofthe lensbe 1.5, it will () act as convex lens only for the objects that ie on its eurved side (B) act as a concave lens for the objects that lie on its ceurved side (6) act as a convex lens irespeetive ofthe side on which the object lies (8) act asa concave lens irtespective ofside on which the object lies 21. The optical density of turpentine is higher than that of| ‘water while itsmass density is lower. Figure shows a layer ‘ofturpentine lating ever water ina container. For which ‘one ofthe four rays incident on turpentine in figure, the path shown is correct? @ 1 o2 ae 1s w FN “There are certain material developed in laboratories which havea negative reffactiveindes figure. ray indent from sir(Medium 1) intosuch a medium (Medium 2 shall follow ‘path given by ©3 @4 2. ® ° @) 2 23, A planoconvex fens of focal length 16 cm, isto be made of glassofvefractive index 1.5. The radius ofeurvatureor the curved surface should be (@) Bem @) en (©) 16cm (@) 24en Dispersive power ofa prism to depends on: (2) angle of prism (b)- material of prism (©) incidentangle ——(@) refraction angle 2. Tol internal reflection can take place only it (@) light goes from optically rarer medium (smaller refractive index) to optically denser medium light goes from optically denser medium to rarer mim (©) the refractive indices ofthe two media are close to cifferent (@) the refractive indices ofthe two media are widely ifferent uM. O}26. 2. 28, 2», 30, 3h. 32. 3 MM 35. 36. A biconvex lens of glass having reffactive index 1.47 is jmmmersc ina igui, Ir boeomes invisible a behaves as a plane glass plate. The refractive indes ofthe guidis {CBSE 2020] @ WO 1@ © 13 @ ISI Fora glassprism,theangleof mininum deviation willbe smallest for the light of ICRSE 2020}, (i) reeotour ) blvecotour (©) yellow colour, (@)_green colour Material Abas critical angle, andmateial B has critical angle ig (>i) Then Which ofthe following is tue? (=) Lightean Be totaly internally elected wen itpasses from BtoA (b) Lighteanbe partially effected when it pases om A 8 (©) Ceitcal angle for toa internal reflection sig ig (4) from glass to water is (@) Critical angle berwoen A and Bis sin Critical angle offi mninimumtee (0) rebeolour ©) green colour (©). yelow colour (6) Violetcolour ‘ray flight wravelling inside rectangular glass block refractive index J is incident on the plass-air surficeat anaangle of eidenceaf 48. Therelmctive index ofr is ‘one. Under these conditions the ray will, {@) emenseintotheaie without any deviation (}) berelected buck into the glass 3 pass (©) be absorbed (@)_ emerge into the ar with an angle of reffuction equal oor ‘The refractive index of a piece of transparent quartz is _areatest for (@) violet ight (©) greentight (©) yellow light (@)_rediight IF py represents efrctive index when alight say goss Foam medium i tomedium, then the product), * shy * gs is equal 10 1 Om © = Dieleetsie constant of mica is 6. What is the velocity of | light in this medium approximately? @ 12<10'ms 1) 5.0% 10" mvs (© 12<10'ms (2), 3.0% 10% ms Aves shall filled with aliquid ofrefactve index p The ‘other half ofthe vessel sill! with an immiscible liquid of refrative index 1.5. The apparent depth ofthe vessel is 50% of the actual dept Then is ® 4 @ 15 © 16 @ 167 ‘When light falls on 2 given plate at angle of incidence of 60", the reflected and refracted rays are found to be normal toeach other. The refractive index of the material ofthe plate is then (@) 0866 () 1S @) 172 2 Arealimageis formed bya convex lens. Iw put aconcave lens in contact with it, the combination again forms areal image. The new image (@) Is closer to the lens system © sh @ a (6) is further form the lens system (0). isatthe original positon (@)_ may be anywhere depending on the focal length ‘of the concave 37. A parallel beam of light is incident ona converging lens parallel to its principal axis. As one moves away from the ens on the other side on its principal axis, the intensity of light (@)_ remains constant () continuously increases (©) continuously decreases (@) first increases then decreases Which of the following is not the case with the image formed by a concave lens? (@)_Iemay beerect or inverted (b)_Itmaybe magnified or diminished (0) Itmay>e real or virtual (@) Real image may be berween the pole and focus or beyond focus The equi-convex lens, shown in the figure, has a focal length ££ What will be the focal length of each half i the lens is cut along AB? A 38, me @ 2 40. ‘The layered lens as shown is made of two types of transparent materals-one indicated by orizontal lines and the other by vertical lines. The number ofimages formed ofan object will be @1 2 @3 ws 41. ‘The graph shows the variation of magnification rm produced by a convex lens with the image distance v, The focal fength ofthe lens is @ 2 wb A convex lens of glass (j= 1.5) hasa focal length of Sem ‘when place in ai, What isthe focal length of ens when it ) > 3 (©) Wem (32am 2 isirmmersedin water (1 f@) 4cm (6) Sem48. 4, 45, 46. a 48, 49, sl. ‘When the incidence ange is equal othe angle of emergence ‘of light ftom the prism, the rttacted ray inside de prism (@)_ becomes parallel to the right face of prism () becomes perpendicular (o the base of prism (©) becomes parallel to the base of prism (@ becomes perpendicular to the left face of prism By properly combining two prisms made of different materials, its nt possible to have (@) dispersion without average deviation ()_ deviation without dispersion (©) both dispersion and average deviation (q)_neither dispersion nor average deviation ‘A ayoflight suffers minimum deviation in equilateral prism Additional prisms Q and R of identical shape and of | same material as that of Pare now combined as shown in figure. The ray will now suffer /N/ (@) greater deviation (6) nodeviation (©) same deviation as before (@) ‘eal internal reflection ‘he sunbght reaches us as white light and not as its ‘components because (@)_airmedium is dispersive (©) sirmedium is non-lispersive (©) sirmedium seater the sunlight (@)_airmedium absorbs the sunlight ‘Chromatic aberration ina lens is caused by (@) reflection () interference (©) diffraction (@) dispersion Spherical aberration in alensis {@) _sminimum when mos ofthe deviation sat ist suri () is minimum when most of the deviation is at the second surface (© 18 minimum when the total deviation is equally distributed over the to surfaces (@)_ does not depend on the above considerations When a glass prisn of refracting angle 60” isimmersein 2 liquid, itsangle of minimum deviation is 30°. The critical angle of ass with respect tothe liquid medium is or OF OF WX When sunlight is seatteted by stmoxpherie atoms and ‘molecules, theamount of scattering fight of wavelength 440 nim is A. The amount of scattering for the light of wavelength 660 nm is approximately 4 A @ 5A oF Alight ays incident perpendicularly tone face oa 90° Prism and is totally inteally reflected atthe glas-r interfice. Ifthe ane frelestion 45, we conclude that thereiective index = (©) 225A @ LSA 52. 5. ot. ' wo md on () nov Ae on if a 45; W n» DIRECTIONS = Stud the given Case Passageandansner the following questions CaseiPassage ‘The total intemal reflection ofthe light is used in polishing diamonds to create a sparking brilliance. By polishing the diamond with specitie cuts, it is adjusted the most of the light rays approaching the surface are incident with an angle of incidence more than critical angle. Hence, they suffer multiple reflections and ultimately come out of diamond from the tp. “This gives the diamond e sparking brilliance. [CBSE Sample 2021] 665. Light cannot easily escape a diamond without multiple internal reilections. This is because (@) iseritcal angle with reference tosir is too large (6) liseritcal angle with reference toair is too small (©) The diamond is wansparent (@) Raysalways enter ut ungle greater han critical angle 66, ‘Thecrilical angle for adiamond is24.4. Then ilsrefracive indosis @22 043 Ot @ 1413 67, The basic reason forthe extraordinary sparkle of suitably ‘cut diamond is that (@) Ithas low reffactive index () Ithas high transparency (6) thas high refractiveindex (@ Ieiswery hard 668, Adinmondsimmerse ina liquid with refractiveindex greater than water, Then the critical angle for tx internal reflection will, (@) will depend on he nature of thetiquid (6) decrease (e) remains thesame (€) increase 669. ‘The following diagram shows same diamond eu in wo lifferent shapes, ‘Thebrilliance of diamond in the second diamond will be: (a) lessthan the first, (@) greater than first (e) sameas first (4) will depend on the intensity of light ‘Case/Passage-I (Consider a transparent hemisphere (2 ~ 2) in froat of which a small object is placed in ar (= I)as shown in Fig 70. For which valueox, ofthe following, will the final image ofthe object at O be virtual? @ 2k) 3k ( RZ (a) ISR 71. What is the nature of final image of the object when x=2R? (@) Erectand magnified (b) Imertedand magnified (©) Frectandsamesize —_(d) Inveredand samesize 72. Consider ray starting from O which srkes the spherical suri a grazing incidance(?=9P), Takingx=R, what wll bethe angle (fiom normal at which the rey may emerze from the plane surface @ ewe Or wm Which one of the following is correct? For a spherical surfice @ & n m7 My © A spherical convex surfie separates object and image spaces of refractive indices 1.0 and 4/3. If radius of curvature ofthe surface is 10cm, find its focal length @ 35D) 25D SD @ ISD Case/PassagestIT ‘Consider triangular glass prism, I has two triangular bases and three rectangular lateral surfaces. These surfaces are lined to each other. The angle between its wo lateral faces is called theangle f the prism A, m.ey, In figure you can see the incident ray, the reffacted ray inside the prism and theemergent ry. You may note thata ray flight is entering from air to glass. a the first surface. The light ay on retraction has bent towards the normal. At the second surtice, the light ray has entered from glass to ai, Hence it has bent way from the normal ‘Tae peculiar shapeo the prism makes the emergent ray bend at anangle tothe direction ofthe incidentray. This angle iscalled theangle of deviation. 75. The angular dispersion produced by a prism (@)_ increases ifthe average refractive index increases (0) increases ifthe average refimetive inden decreases (©) remains constant whether the average refractive index inereases or decreases (@) has no,elation with average refractive index. 176, The weiracting angle faprism is "A’, and refractive index ‘of the material of the prism is eot(A/2), The angle of ‘minimum deviation is: (180° 2A (&) 90°, (©) 180"+2A, (@ 180°-3a 77. Yellow light is refracted through a prism producing, minimum deviation. If iy and iy denote the angle of | incidenceand emergence for ths prism, then, @ ini, ©) i>i, © I< © i,+i,=90° 78 By properly combining two prisms made of different ‘materials, it not possible tohave (a) dispersion without average deviation (©). deviation without dispersion (©) both dispersion and average deviation (@)_ neither dispersion nor average deviation 79, When the incidence angle is equal to the angle of ‘emergence of light ftom the prism the refracted ray inside the prism (@)_ becomes parallel to the right fice of prism (©) becomes perpendicular to the base of prism (©) becomes parallel to the base of prism (becomes perpendicular to the left face of prism Case/Passage-1V Arefracting ype astronomical telescope usedto see the distant ‘bjectsat lange distances, consist of objective ie, converging lens, or lens combination of larger focal length fy and larger aperture, and an eyepiece, ie. also a converging lens, or lens ‘combination, but of smaller focal length f, ancl smaller aperture, placed coaxially. Magnifying power (M), also called angular magnification ofa telescope is defined as she ratio ofthe visual angle subtended by the final image at the eve and the visual angle subtended by ‘hebject when the object lies nthe actu position. ln eontrast tothe definition of magnifying power ofamieroseope the object isnot placed at the near point in case of telescope) nb, (a. are small) objective Aare aperture) Prati incident Eye piove [Sal aperture ‘80, A student look at distant tre ofheight 1Sm witha telescope ‘of magniving powsre25, To the student, the tree appears. (a) 20timestaller () 1Stimestaller (©) 1Stimesnearer——)--25timesnearer 81, A telescope hasan objective lens of focal length 150 em and an eyepiace of focal length 5 em. Ifa SO tall toe at a distance of 1 km is observed through this telescope in normal setting, the angle formed by the imageof the tower is 0, then 8 isclose to @ 61nd ©) 32nd © 1nd (@) O2nd 182. The focal lengths of objective and eye lens of an astronomical elelscope are respectively 2mecer and Scr, Final image is formed at (i) least distance of distinct vision Giinfinity Magnifying power in wo cases will be (@ ~48,-40 () ~40,~48 (© ~40,+48 (@) ~48,+40 83. The magnifying power of a telescope is 9. When it is adjusted for parallel rays, the distance between the objectiveand the eye piece is found to be 20 em. The focal length of lenses are G@)_ 18cm, 2em () Hem. 9em (©) Wer, 1Oer (@) 1Sem,Sem ‘84. The focal lengths of objective lens and eye lens of a Galilean telescope are respectively 30 cm and 3.0 cm, telescope produces virtual, erect image of an object Siiuated faraway from itat least distance of distinet vision from the eye lens. In this condition, the magnifying power ofthe Galilean telescope shouldbe: @ +112 ©) -112 © -88 Case/Passage-V Al objects referred to the subsequent problems lie on the prinepleaxis, (+8885, Iflightisincident on surfice 1 from left, the imageformed 90. Which of the following is correct? after the first reftaction is definitely lar t (@) real fora real object [Ae] _ [an {aa @ 2 ea aa : © sear ee ote o FEES efal eS ae ae Semeed eter retiaetieng 91, Forn=1.5,An= 10 andf=20 em, the value oft is (@ maybereal (©) maybe viral : (©) musthevirtal ——(@)_-Both(a)and() @) om () 02am 87 Iflightisineidenton surtace2 rom right then which othe (©) 062em (@) 0.002em following isteuefor image formedatierasinglerefraction 92. Which ofthe following is correct? (@) real object will result areal image at af se (0) Vial opt wil result ina virtual mage io oe a (©) realobjotwillresultina vital image © T~-p O T 3-H (@)_vewal object wllresultina real image ar eon CaselPassage-VI co Faw Nonwortnese Athin eonves lens is made of io materials with refractive indices n, and 7, as shown inte The als fate feet Assertion & Reason WN and right spherical surface are equal. fis the focal length of the lens when i >>» DIRECTIONS : Bach ofee questions contains anasto ‘The focal length is f+ A/whea n, = n and Jfallowed hy reason, Read them carefully and answer the in An, Assuming An << (n'~ 1) and ‘question onthe basis of following options. You have lo select Vena? ‘the one that best describes the statement (@) Ifboah Assertion and Reason are eorrect and the Reason is the correet explanation of the Assertion. af An (6) Ifboth Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is (i) Therelation between —F-and “remains unchanged tot the correct exptanatlos ofthe Ametion if both the convex surfaces are replaced by concave (6) Ifthe Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect, surfice of the same radius of curvature (0) Iibe Assertion is incorreet but the Reason is correet For = 1.5, n= 10" andf=20em,thevalueof willbe 93, Assertion : The sir bubble shines in water, 0.02 em (round offto2"decimnal place). ‘Reason : Airbubblein water shines due o reffaction of light lar| [a 94. Assertion : Diamond glitters biliantly: o FTF feo, Dim eb a Critical angles minimum for violet colour as, 18 Match the Following ee DIRECTIONS + Each question comains slatemenis given iv ‘ve columns which hare to be matched. Statement (A, B, C.D) in colunmed have to be matched with statements (1,2, 3, in column I 01. 102. >» .- Match the Colanin-T and Column Column ‘Column 1 (A) Breonves lens wt R @) Plano-convex lens @ aD R (© Bi-concave lens ota R ©) Plano-concave lens oa @ M)I2B) BOG, 0)+6) ©) WIEKBIA(O7E. 0) 0) © A928) 941O>0: 0) 8) @ M06) 99042; 0) +4) >>» The Joann satomients wh ot ‘appropriate word / term to be.ftled in the Blank space(sh 104, Aplano-convex lens is made of material of refractive index 1.6, The radius of eurvature of the curved surface is 60 em. The focal length ofthe lens is cm, A double convex ens of focal length 6cm is made of glass of refiactive index 1.5. The radius of curvature of one surface is double that of other surfuee. The value o'small radius of curvature is @ Gem —(b) 45an (@ 4an 106, A conver lens is immersed ina liquid ofrefractive index: creater than that of glass. Iwill behave as a leas, 10s, (© 9en 107, ‘an equilateral prism such that the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of emergence and the latter is equal to 3/4th ofthe angle of prism. Then isangle of deviation. The image formed by an objective of a compound and A cay of light passes thoy 108, microscope is ee DIRECTIONS : Read the following statemenis and write our answer as tre or false re >> 109. If glass prism is dipped To increase the angular magnification of a simple ‘microscope, one should inerease the power of the lens Foca glass prism, theangle of minin smallest forthe light of red colour. A short pulse of whit light is incident from air to glass slab at normal incidence. After ieavelling through the lab, the first colour to emergeis violet. n water, its dispersive power no, m. deviation willbe m2,ANSWER KEY & SOLUTIONS 2 ay 2sinreas 25| ane ee rm) (0) According toSnel’s aw sini vite iar va a From fig. we se that frcen Snell's Law $0" ¥y=1hy> 4h, 213k {Frequency of wave doesnot change on reffaction) {@) When light ravels fom medium (1) medium 2) then reactive index of medium (2) with respect to ‘medium (1) is called it's relative refractive index, met cca 082 oy 100 _ 100 Py =p, = 00100 eee tom (40-16, ay 138 fe2den We have, on rlistig me) 2 Dividing equation (1) by (2). £06, 06x20 = 2° 02-0 0.2 Rey ene pe Fs 10. n 2 15, a 18, 19. (©) Foriheprisn as theungle oF incidence (i) increases, {heangle of deviation (5) first decreases goes to minimum value and then increases. sings © Way” an (© te postion of minimum devition Atom 2 ©) Innoemaladjustment, (@)_ Given: fy~ 12em f,-3.0em tuy=125em: M, From fh» % 12 wy C125) fe Jot yet ny 12 fas Magnification at infinity, > Sem east distance of distinct vision) Hence the magnifying power ofthe compound microscope i200 @ 16 @ (@) Ase know thatthe deviation 8=U-DA. o By geometry, the angle of refraction by first surface is 5° and given w= 1.5 So, B=(1S-l)xS° =25° also, 8=0-r, «i Byputtng the value of andrin equation (ii) 2370-5" So, 0=5+25=75° (©) According tothe question, when object isatdifferent Position, and i an object approaches owardsa convergent Tens fom the IeR of the lens witha uniform speed ofS mv, the image move away from the lensto infinity with a non uniform acceleration. (©) Amongall given sources oflight, the bule light have smallest wavelength, According to Cauchy relationship, ssnaller the wavelength higher the refractive index and al angle as w=—! Hence, corresponding to blue colou, the critical angle is least which facilitates total internal refletin forthe Beam cof bive light and thebeam of green light would alsoundergo {otal internal reflection, consequently smaller the et20. a 2. 2, m4 28, (6) Using lens maker's formula for plano-canvex lens, 0 focal length is (il Leg] Webjet on ave ste so, Ry=o then, f= a) Lens placed nai = (As given that, R='20em, y= 1.5, on substituting the vals in) R20 lee So, fisconverzing nature, as f> 0. Hence, lens willalways ‘act asa convex lens inrespective ofthe side on which the object les (©) Asweknow, when the ay goes from rarer medium air to optically denser turpentine, then it bends towards the normal. i> rwheness wien it goes from optically denser mediuon turpentine o rarer medium water, then it bends assay fram normale, ir So, the path of ray 2 is eorrect. (2). When the negative efctive index materials arethose inwhich incident ray fom air (Medi 1) to them ela or bend dilferentlyto that of postive refractive index meu, So, it depends onlyon the material ofthe prism o 26 @ (2) Angleot minimum deviation 8. oI Nowheea™ Avoter Sogn © ig>ig ov sin ‘(E)omm ‘Ge oreaene Hence medium A isdenserand B is raree iM. an 2. fotal internal Reflection : When the object is place in a optically denser medium, andthe neidert ungleis roster than the ritical sngle then the ray of light gets relleeted tuck othe originating mediuin For eritieal angle) fram medium Ato B, uel 1 ita =~ or sing =! = BB sina HA LSA = a =sin snr sins=Lore=90 6 totems otvaeenth, Ho So shorter the wavelength, preater isthe reftactive index. 3s minimum for violet so yis ma (2s as = (2 hp <1formica) 12107 m/s. (Let d be the depth of two liquids ‘Then apparant depth (a), 4 12 eS LD Solving we get y= 1.671 (©) Here i ~ 60°, As the angle betwoen reflected and reffacted ray is 9%, theni~1=90 or = 30° ini sin6o 45/2 Hoe eet A i a Hoar sin30 1/2 8 Theangl br wih’ +90" ale Bronte ngle ©) When webring in contact concave lens theetTective focal length ofthe combination decreases, ater vut vu t according to above relation as freduces,v increases, ® & @ Oran ‘This is combination of two lenses of equal focal lenaths40. a 2. a 44. 46. a 48. 49. 50, (0). Ducto difference in refiactive indices images obtained ‘will be two, Two media will form imuges at to difleent points due to diference in focal lengths, o ™ ply the equation by v tetota-t5, Parmer oe ee (ia) 7 ommf, a+ 2 ea) Les 2 fo = Aig —4x8-320m : (At the _ minimum deviaion, f= Dangle of incidence Zi" angle cof emergence Ze and inside ‘the prism refracted ray parallel to the baso of the prism q (We can combine two prisms in such a way (0, deviation is zero but dispersion not {i dispersion is zero but deviation isnot. [Bat in any situation both deviation & dispersion can not be zero simultaneously. (©) Whenuthe ray suffers minimum deviation, it becomes parallel to the base of prism P. As prisms Q und R are of same material and have identical shape. therefore, the ray ‘continues to be parallel to base of Q and R. Hence final critical angle, > {, sin 1> sin{,_ or sin 45 > sin/. 60+ $5°—15°=10F, @ Because the focal longth ofeye lens cannot decrease beyond certain limit, ©) f= 10cm. ‘When! final imogeis formed atleast distance of distinot Vision (2), then wo ffi) 68) pe-asem we aod vol, 4) 207, 20 a te) 220/420) @ mrt) 5 (a)? 4) Magnifying power of lescope is fy _225 BS M=45em, AL, wm b : (©) Magnification = som age 25 (0) Leasisconcave So defects ayoria So fel length of lens |= point ok =I = |F| 500m =a! | |= 500 __R 30-0 © Letmagniving power ofeyeand objectives m,and ay therefore, mmm, = 328m, Smad (©) The magnifying power of telescope in normal6. 64, 65. 66. o. 6. 70. n. n. (6). When a ray of light travels in glass the velocity of| Tight as well as wavelength decreases while frequency remains constant, according t Snell's law wavelength in ai ‘wavelength in glass v2.4 a8 0 ~ constant] oy Ko Dividing “2 © @ © @ @ 3:9 Itscrtial angle with reference toairisfoo small. 2m high reactive index less than fist © oe ou R “Taking refrtton fist atcurved srfice, i, _ ime werk? aR For plane surface, RoR xR Vo RGR) Forvirtal image, 1 9528-2 og RETR) R ( ex=2R a’ 2 2R) m= 1=>mm,=-1 Image is el, verted, ancot same size. « 7 fh n m % 76. m™ al (@)_Forspherical surfice HoH Ba ace 40.em © °F Ws Ha=H vou OR ‘With proper values and signs, we have 41310 _4/2-10 T= +10 o f40em=04m Since heraysare converging, ils power shouldbe postive Hence, ttt Pandhopte) “Faeraa Od erP=25D (@) The angular dispersion 0 je. tbe angle between the eatremerays of ight, O (y~ By) whore ~ (DAS, “thy DASA isangleof pis” Soifeftativeindex increases, then Binreases& hence 9 @ @) Inthe postion of minimum deviation, i “i, (@ _Wecan combine two prisms in such a way’ (©) deviation is zero bur dispersion not dispersion is zero but deviation isnot. [Burin any situation both deviation & dispersion ean not be zero simultaneously nN (At the minimum deviation, = Dj, angle of ™ incidenee 4 ="angle of i Ze emergence Ze and inside the prism refracted ray parallel to the base of the prism of c © (©) Magnifying power of telescope, _ tans subtended by image at ve pices) Grange subtended by objet on objective) Ato, MPa te =! _ 59 ra MP xa =3004 30 fo) fe) A(t Tel 5 Gince east distanced = 2Sem) fa __200 RS @ @M (om 403. 89, 90. on fo @ feo, fy =9f fe = Also fy + {=20 (> final image is at infinity) atm Rca tees 0" Given, eal length ofabjecte, f= 30cm focal length ofeye lens, f,~ 3.0m Magnitying power, M=? “Magnifying power ofthe Galilean telescope, fy fa(1 ie. forreal object images always virtual. ‘Consider object on let side of spherical surfice seperaingtvomedia. I real object isin rarer rmaliaie, ay mmm ee oe) Hence image shall be vill fr «rel object ying on caneave side with acer media “ Itreal object isin denser mediaie,n, > 2s), a v (-u) (-R) Imgeisrit A=2> (=a «ue a) andinageievictitu>(%282) 2 : oe) From statements 1, 2 and 3 we can easily conclude the a an co, then AL 50, 7” f (0) From (i, AF and AY remains ‘unchanged, if convex surface are replaced by concave surface ofthe same radius of curvature, IY) nag (9, Forn=1.5,An=10and/=20-mthen fo 20 35-9 or ingi=aazem (b) The relation between © Also, es 0.02em 2. @) 93. (©) Shining of ar bubble in water ison account of THR. ©) Diamond gliters brilliantly because light enters in diamond suffers total internal reflection. All the light entering in it comes out of diamond after aumber of reflections and no light is absorbed by it 95. @) 96, (©) Snell's laws valid for lens to. 7 @ (©) When object is placed between F and optical center cof convex Tens then the emerging rays is diverging, 80 fo Ir GE) -4f Ce ad) me Le mL 103. (©) (A) (2); (B) 9 A)(C) 0); (DB) etic igh Rah eee forplano-concave, R, =R for bi-concave lens, Ry 1 fi) te aef f q eo) (Sem) IR, 105, 4 fis nogativo, I acts as divergent lens, 3 . BY iy ig =A [A=angle of Prism) As As8=i4i2 aay108, (rea, enlarged) ‘The image formed by objective lens of ‘compound microscopes real and enlarged, while inal image formed by compound microscope is inverted, virtual, ‘enlarged and at a distance D to infinite or from an eye, on tame sid of eye piece. 109, (Fas) Dispersive power ofaprism o= "YH = SH Wot where H Hv tig + 2 10, (True) One shouldincrease the power oflens ie, decease the focal Length of ens 11, (Te) Angle ofminimum deviation = WM 112, Nowa Prine Hed Hoioiet S08 is smalles (False) As we know that when light ray goes from one ‘medium to other medium, the frequeney of light remains unchanged. And, vi So, ¢¢ the light of red colour is of highest wavelength and therefore of highest specd. Thus, after travelling through the sla, the red colour emerge first