3.

0 Research Methodology
This chapter is all about explaining how we conducted our research. It's like giving a behind-the-
scenes look at the process we used to gather information for our study.
Sample Introductory Paragraph:
The research methodology serves as the guiding framework through which this study unfolds.
This crucial section meticulously details the approach, design, and procedures employed in
investigating the perspectives of private secondary school heads regarding social identity and its
influence on leadership performance management. By illuminating the research design, data
collection methods, and analytical techniques, this chapter provides a roadmap for
comprehending the intricate dynamics explored in the subsequent chapters. The rigorous
methodological foundation ensures the reliability and validity of the study's findings, offering
transparency into the systematic processes that support the pursuit of knowledge in this research
endeavor.

3.1 Methods of Research

Here, we talk about the overall approach we used to conduct our study. We explain whether we
used qualitative methods (like interviews or observations) or quantitative methods (like surveys
or experiments). It's like explaining the big picture of how we approached our research.
Ex. The research design for this study is quantitative, using descriptive- correlational focusing on
the systematic collection and analysis of numerical data to explore the correlation between
learning-centered leadership and teachers' professional development. A cross-sectional research
design will be employed, allowing for the collection of data at a single point in time.
This approach facilitates an examination of the existing relationships between variables and
provides a snapshot of the current state of learning-centered leadership practices and teachers'
professional development within the specified public secondary schools.

3.2 Population, Sample Size, and Sampling Technique

We discuss who or what we studied (population), how many of them we studied (sample size),
and how we chose those people or things to study (sampling technique). It's like explaining who
or what we focused on in our research and how we decided who or what to include.
Ex. The population for this study consists of 186 teachers and 8 school leaders from public
secondary schools within Vinzons District, totaling 194 individuals. This calculation was
determined using Slovin’s formula, with a 5% margin of error applied.
Sampling Technique: Stratified random sampling was selected as the most suitable method due
to the unique characteristics of each Secondary School in Vinzons District. By categorizing the
schools into strata based on their teacher populations, this approach ensures a proportional
representation of teachers from various schools, allowing for an acknowledgment of the unique
contexts that may influence their experiences.
3.3 Description of the Respondents
We give a detailed description of the people or things we studied, including their
characteristics and any relevant information about them. It's like painting a picture of the
individuals or groups we focused on in our research.
Ex. The selected respondents for this study represent a diverse group of educators and
school leaders within Vinzons District. They include 186 teachers and 8 school leaders,
comprising a total of 194 individuals.
The choice of these specific respondents is rooted in the researcher's deep connection to
the district. As a native of the area, the researcher possesses an intimate familiarity with the local
geography, making it exceptionally convenient to navigate and reach each school efficiently. This
inherent knowledge of the district not only streamlines the research process but also enhances the
researcher's ability to engage meaningfully with each school community.
Furthermore, the selection of respondents aligns with the advantageous dynamic often
found in close-knit communities. Residents of Vinzons District tend to exhibit a strong sense of
support and cooperation towards individuals from their district, creating an environment
conducive to meaningful research interactions.

Data Gathering Procedure

We explain the step-by-step process we followed to collect data, from deciding what information
to gather to actually gathering it. It's like explaining how we went about getting the information
we needed for our study.
The data-gathering procedure for this study involves several steps to ensure comprehensive and
ethical data collection. Firstly, a survey will be designed to capture the current relationships and
characteristics within a specific population of teachers and school leaders in identified public
secondary schools. This survey will include questions tailored to gather relevant information for
the study. Next, printed survey questionnaires will be directly distributed to participants. This
tangible and hands-on approach aims to facilitate engagement and immediate insights into
participants' perspectives, experiences, and practices. Distributing printed surveys allows for
face-to-face interactions, which are believed to contribute to meaningful engagement.
Researchers will have the opportunity to address concerns, offer clarifications, and emphasize
the significance of participants' contributions during these interactions.
To maximize response rates, personalized reminders will be delivered to participants. These
reminders will be tailored to recognize the busy schedules of participants, encouraging them to
complete and return the surveys promptly.
Ethical standards will be strictly adhered to throughout the data collection process.
Confidentiality will be ensured by anonymizing survey responses and keeping participant
information secure. Informed consent will be obtained from all participants, clearly outlining the
purpose of the study, their rights as participants, and the voluntary nature of their participation.
Participants will have the right to withdraw from the study at any time without explanation and
to refuse to answer any sensitive questions. Additionally, participants will have the option to
receive a summary of the study results.
These ethical measures prioritize the well-being and rights of participants, fortifying a
participant-centric research framework throughout the study. By following these steps, the data-
gathering process will be conducted in a transparent, respectful, and ethical manner, ensuring the
integrity and validity of the study findings.

**Research Instrument**

We describe the tools we used to collect data, like surveys, questionnaires, or interview guides.
We explain how these tools were designed and how we used them to gather information. It's like
explaining what tools we used to collect information and how we used them effectively.

**Statistical Treatment of Data**

Here, we discuss how we analyzed the data we collected, including any statistical methods or
techniques we used. We explain how we made sense of the information we gathered and what
conclusions we drew from it. It's like explaining how we turned all the information we collected
into meaningful insights.

By breaking down each component of Chapter 3 in this way, students can better understand the
research methodology and how each part contributes to the overall process of conducting a
research study.