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CHEMISTRY HUB.......JAVED SIR

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Worksheet Name: Ws Solution Standard: 12th Science Subject: Chemistry

Q1. In these questions, a statement of assertion followed by a statement of reason is given. Choose the correct answer out of the
following choices.
Assertion: Elevation in baiting point and depression in freezing point are colligative properties.
Reason: All colligative properties are used for the calculation of molecular masses.
A Assertion and reason both are correct statements and B Assertion and reason both are correct statements but
reason is correct explanation for assertion. reason is not correct explanation for assertion.
C Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong D Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct
statement. statement.
Ans: C Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
Explanation:
Elevation in boiling point and depression in freezing point are colligative properties because they depend only on the
number of solute particles in a solution irrespective of their nature. But all colligative properties are not used for mass
determination for every substance, as some give very low precision, or require excessive heating or cooling.
Q2. Sprinkling of salt helps in clearing the snow covered roads in hills. The phenomenon involved in the process is:
A Lowering in vapour pressure of snow. B Depression in freezing point of snow.
C Melting of ice due to increase in temperature by D Increase in freezing point of snow.
putting salt.
Ans: B Depression in freezing point of snow.
Q3. A closed vessel is maintained at a constant temperature.
CHEItMIST
is first evacuated and then vapour is injected into it continuously.
RY HUB
The pressure of the vapour in the vessel is:
A Increases continuously B First increases and then remains constant
C First increases and then decreases D None of the above
Ans: B First increases and then remains constant
Explanation:
The molecules of a gas are in a state of random motion. They continuously collide against the walls of the container. Even
at ordinary temperature and pressure, the number of molecular collisions with walls is very large. During each collision,
certain momentum is transferred to the walls of the container. The pressure exerted by the gas is due to continuous
bombardment of gas molecules against the walls of the container. Due to this continuous bombardment, the walls of the
container experience a continuous force which is equal to the total momentum imparted to the walls per second. The
average force experienced per unit area of the walls of the container determines the pressure exerted by the gas. This
should be clear from the fact that although the molecule collisions are random, the pressure remains constant.
Q4. We have three aqueous solutions of NaCl labelled as ‘A’, ‘B’ and ‘C’ with concentrations 0.1M, 0.01M and 0.001M,
respectively. The value of van’t Hoff factor for these solutions will be in the order ____________.
A iA < i B < i C B iA > i B > i C C iA = i B = i C D iA < i B > i C
Ans: C iA = iB = iC
Explanation:
The value of van’t Hoff’s factor will be iA= iB = iC due to complete dissociation of strong electrolyte (NaCl) in dilute
solutions. On complete dissociation value of i for NaCl is 2.
Q5. Assertion (A): 0.1M solution of KCl has greater osmotic pressure than 0.1M solution of glucose at same temperature.
Reason (R): In solution, KCl dissociates to produce more number of particles.
A Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are correct B Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are correct
statements, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation statements, but Reason (R) is not the correct
of the Assertion (A). explanation of the Assertion (A).
C Assertion (A) is correct, but Reason (R) is wrong D Assertion (A) is wrong, but Reason (R) is correct
statement. statement.
Ans:
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A Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are correct statements, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of the Assertion (A).
Q6. Which of the following conditions is not correct for ideal solution:
A No change in volume on mixing B No change in enthalpy on mixing
C It obeys Raoults law D Lonisation of solute should occurs to a small extent
Ans: D Lonisation of solute should occurs to a small extent
Explanation:
In an ideal solution, no change in volume on mixing, no change in enthalpy on mixing and it obeys Raoults law but
ionisation of solute should not occur to a small extent.
Q7. To determine the solubility of a solute in water, a solution must be prepared that is___________.
A Saturated B Unsaturated C Concentrated D Supersaturated
Ans: A Saturated
Explanation:
The maximum number of moles of solute that can be dissolved in a given volume of solution represents the solubility of
solution.
A solution with the maximum possible amount of solute is saturated.
Hence a saturated solution must be prepared to determine the solubility of a solute in water,
Q8. Calculate the vapour pressure of aqueous 0.1m glucose solution at 300K temperature, the vapour pressure of water is 0.03bar
at 300K temperature.
A 0.5bar B 0.29bar C 0.3bar D 0.03bar
Ans: D 0.03bar
Q9. Assertion (A): An ideal solution obeys Henry’s law.
Reason (R): In an ideal solution, solute-solute as well as solventsolvent interactions are similar to solute-solvent interaction.
A Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are correct B Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are correct
statements, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation statements, but Reason (R) is not the correct
of the Assertion (A). CHEMISTRY HUB
explanation of the Assertion (A).
C Assertion (A) is correct, but Reason (R) is wrong D Assertion (A) is wrong, but Reason (R) is correct
statement. statement.
Ans: D Assertion (A) is wrong, but Reason (R) is correct statement.
Q10.Low concentration of oxygen in the blood and tissues of people living at high altitude is due to ____________.
A Low temperature. B Low atmospheric pressure.
C High atmospheric pressure. D Both low temperature and high atmospheric
pressure.
Ans: B Low atmospheric pressure.
Explanation:
At high altitude the atmospheric pressure is decreased &, due to low atmospheric pressure the solubility of oxygen in
blood and tissues is reduced.
Q11.The mass of a non - volatile non - electrolyte solute (molar mass = 50g mol−1) needed to be dissolved in 114g octane to
reduce its vapour pressure to 75% is:
A 37.5g B 75g C 150g D 50g
Ans: C 150g
Q12.On the basis of information given below mark the correct option.
Information:
In bromoethane and chloroethane mixture intermolecular interactions of A–A and B–B type are nearly same as A–B type
interactions.
In ethanol and acetone mixture A–A or B–B type intermolecular interactions are stronger than A–B type interactions.
In chloroform and acetone mixture A–A or B–B type intermolecular interactions are weaker than A–B type interactions.
A Solution (B) and (C) will follow Raoult’s law. B Solution (A) will follow Raoult’s law.
C Solution (B) will show negative deviation from D Solution (C) will show positive deviation from
Raoult’s law. Raoult’s law.
Ans: B Solution (A) will follow Raoult’s law.

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Explanation:
For an ideal solution A-A and B-Bintermolecular interactions should be nearly same as A-B type interactions.
Q13.If 2gm of NaOH is present is 200ml of its solution, its molarity will be:
A 0.25 B 0.5 C 5 D 10
Ans: A 0.25
Q14.For two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these
questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.
Assertion: If one component of a solution obeys Raoult’s law over a certain range of composition, the other component will
not obey Henry’s law in that range.
Reason: Raoult’s law is a special case of Henry’s law.
A Both A and R are true and R is the correct B Both A and R are true but R is not the correct
explanation of A. explanation of A.
C A is true but R is false. D A is false and R is also false.
Ans: B Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Q15.In an endothermic process, solubility increases with ______ in temperature:
A Increase B Decrease C Remains same D None of the above
Ans: A Increase
Explanation:
The effect of temperature on solubility depends on the type of reaction that occurs during the process of dissolving the
solute in the solvent. In endothermic reactions, increasing the temperature increases the solubility of the solute in a
solution. In exothermic reactions, increasing the temperature decreases the solubility of the solute.
Q16.Which has the lowest boiling point at 1atm pressure?
A 0.1 M KCl B 0.1 M Urea C 0.1 M CaCl2 D 0.1 M A1Cl3
Ans: B 0.1 M Urea
CHEifMIST
Q17.How much oxygen is dissolved in 100rnL water at 298K RYpressure
partial HUB of oxygen is 0.5atm and K = 1.4 × 10-3 mol/ L/
atm?
A 22.4mg B 22.4g C 2.24g D 2.24mg
Ans: D 2.24mg
Q18.The boiling point of an azeotropic mixture of water and ethanol is less than that of water and ethanol. The mixture shows:
A No deviation from Raoult’s Law. B Positive deviation from Raoult’s Law.
C Negative deviation from Raoult’s Law. D That the solution is unsaturated.
Ans: B Positive deviation from Raoult’s Law.
Q19.On the basis of information given below mark the correct option.
Information: On adding acetone to methanol some of the hydrogen bonds between methanol molecules break.
A At specific composition methanol-acetone mixture B At specific composition methanol-acetone mixture
will form minimum boiling azeotrope and will show forms maximum boiling azeotrope and will show
positive deviation from Raoult’s law. positive deviation from Raoult’s law.
C At specific composition methanol-acetone mixture D At specific composition methanol-acetone mixture
will form minimum boiling azeotrope and will show will form maximum boiling azeotrope and will show
negative deviation from Raoult’s law. negative deviation from Raoult’s law.
Ans:
A At specific composition methanol-acetone mixture will form minimum boiling azeotrope and will show positive deviation
from Raoult’s law.
Explanation:
At specific composition methanol-acetone mixture will show positive deviation from Raoulfs law as it has lesser
interactions than methanol- methanol and acetone-acetone interactions. Hence it forms minimum boiling azeotrope.
Q20.1M, 2.5 litre NaOH solution is mixed with another 0.5M, 3 litre NaOH solution. Then find out the molarity of resultant
solution:
A 0.80M B 1.0M C 0.73M D 0.50M
Ans: C 0.73M

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Q21.Which one of the following is the ratio of the lowering of vapour pressure of 0.1M aqueous solutions of BaCl2​, NaCl and Al2​
(SO4​)3​respectively?
A 3:2:5 B 5:2:3 C 5:3:2 D 2:3:5
Ans: A 3 : 2 : 5
Explanation:
Lowering of vapour pressure is a colligative property. It depends on the number of particles of the solute.
BaCl 2 ⇌ Ba 2 + + 2Cl − ; 3ions
NaCl ⇌ Na + + Cl − ; 2ions
Al 2​(SO 4​) 3 ⇌ 2Al 3 + + 3SO 34 − ​; 5ions
Hence, the ratio of lowering of vapour pressure is 3 : 2 : 5 since the concentration of the solutions are same.
Q22.In these questions, a statement of assertion followed by a statement of reason is given. Choose the correct answer out of the
following choices.
Assertion: Molarity of a solution in liquid state changes with temperature.
Reason: The volume of a solution changes with change in temperature.
A Assertion and reason both are correct statements but B Assertion and reason both are correct statements but
the reason is the correct explanation for assertion. the reason is not a correct explanation for assertion.
C Assertion is a correct statement but the reason is a D Assertion is a wrong statement but the reason is
wrong statement. correct
Ans: A Assertion and reason both are correct statements but the reason is the correct explanation for assertion.
Explanation:
Molarity (M) represents the number of moles of the solute dissolved per litre of solution.
Since the volume of a liquid varies with changes in temperature, the volume of the solution would also change while the
number of moles of solute present in it will remain the same (or unchanged). This, therefore, would affect the molarity of
the solution.
Q23.Two statements are given- one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these
questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as givenCHE MISTRY HUB
below:
Assertion (A): Non-ideal solutions form azeotropic mixture.
Reason (R): Maximum boiling azeotropes are formed by a solution showing negative deviation.
A Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are correct B Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are correct
statements, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation statements, but Reason (R) is not the correct
of the Assertion (A). explanation of the Assertion (A).
C Assertion (A) is correct, but Reason (R) is incorrect D Assertion (A) is correct, but Reason (R) is incorrect
statement. statement.
Ans:
B Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are correct statements, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of the Assertion
(A).
Q24.In these questions, a statement of assertion followed by a statement of reason is given. Choose the correct answer out of the
following choices.
Assertion: Molecular mass of benzoic acid when determined by colligative properties is found high.
Reason: Dimerization of benzoic acid.
A Assertion and reason both are correct statements but B Assertion and reason both are correct statements but
the reason is the correct explanation for assertion. the reason is not a correct explanation for assertion.
C Assertion is a correct statement but the reason is a D Assertion is a wrong statement but the reason is
wrong statement. correct
Ans: A Assertion and reason both are correct statements but the reason is the correct explanation for assertion.
Explanation:
Colligative properties are the properties of solutions containing non-volatile solute. It is correct that the molecular mass of
benzoic acid when determined by colligative properties is found abnormally high. This is because dimerisation of benzoic
takes place in solution resulting in high molecular mass. Therefore, assertion and reason are true and the reason is the
correct explanation.
Q25.The law which indicates the relation’-hip between solubility of a gas in liquid and pressure rs:
A Raoult’s law B Henry’s law

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C Lowering of vapour pressure D Van’t Hoff law

Ans: B Henry’s law
Q26.The molal elevation constant depends upon:
A Nature of solute. B Nature of the solvent.
C Vapour pressure of the solution. D Enthalpy change.
Ans: B Nature of the solvent.
Q27.The Van't Hoff factor of 0.1M Ba(NO3​)2​solutions is 2.74. The degree of dissociation will be:
A 91.3% B 87% C 100% D 74%
Ans: B 87%
Q28.In these questions, a statement of assertion followed by a statement of reason is given. Choose the correct answer out of the
following choices.
Assertion: The boiling point of 200mL of 1M urea solution is less than that of 200mL of 2M glucose solution.
Reason: Elevation of boiling point is directly proportional to the number of species present in the solution.
A Assertion and reason both are correct statements and B Assertion and reason both are correct statements but
reason is correct explanation for assertion. reason is not correct explanation for assertion.
C Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong D Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct
statement. statement.
Ans: A Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for assertion.
Q29.Vapour pressure of a pure liquid X is 2atm at 300K. It is lowered to atm on dissolving 1 gof Y in 20g of liquid X. If molar
mass of X is 200, what is the molar mass of Y?
A 20 B 50 C 100 D 200
Ans: B 50
Q30.Among the following substances the lowest vapour pressure is exerted by:
CHEMISTRY HUB
A Water B Alcohol C Ether D Mercury
Ans: D Mercury
Q31.Read the passage given below and answer the following questions
Few colligative properties are:
1. Relative lowering of vapour pressure: depends only on molar concentration of solute (mole fraction) and independent of
its nature.
2. Depression in freezing point: it is proportional to the molal concentration of solution.
3. Elevation of boiling point: it is proportional to the molal concentration of solute.
4. Osmotic pressure: it is proportional to the molar concentration of solute
A solution of glucose is prepared with 0.052 g at glucose in 80.2 g of water.(KJ = 1.86K kg mol-1 and Kb = 5.2K kg mol-1)
The following questions are multiple choice questions. Choose the most appropriate answer:
1. Molality of the given solution is.
1. 0.0052m
2. 0.0036m
3. 0.0006m
4. 1.29m
2. Boiling point for the solution will be.
1. 373.05K
2. 373.15K
3. 373.02K
4. 373.02K
3. The depression in freezing point of solution will be.
1. 0.0187K
2. 0.035K
3. 0.082K
4. 0.067K
4. Mole fraction of glucose in the given solution is.
1. 6.28 × 10-5
2. 6.28 × 10-4
3. 0.00625
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4. 0.00028
4. If same amount of sucrose (C12 H22 O11) is taken instead of glucose, then.
1. Elevation in boiling point will be higher.
2. Depression in freezing point will be higher.
3. Depression in freezing point will be lower.
4. Both (a) and (b).
Ans:1. (b) 0.0036m
Explanation:
0.052 1000
m= × = 0.0036
180 80.2
2. (c) 373.02K
Explanation:
ΔT b = k b × m = 5.2 × 0.0036 = 0.0187 K
Tb = 373 + 0.0187 = 373.0187 K ≈ 373.02 K
3. (d) 0.067 K
Explanation:
ΔT f = k f × m = 1.86 × 0.0036 = 0.067 K
4. (a) 6.28 × 10-5
Explanation:
80.2
Moles of water 18
= 4.455
0.00028
Mole fraction of glucose = 4.45 + 0.00028
= 6.28 × 10 − 5'
5. (c) Depression in freezing point will be lower.
Explanation:
Depression in freezing point or elevation in boiling point is proportional to molarity, which is proportional to number of
moles. For same amount, higher the molar mass of solute, lower will be number of moles. Hence, lower will be the
colligative property.
Q32.Answer the following question: CHEMISTRY HUB
0.6mL of acetic acid (CH3COOH), having density 1.06g mL-1, is dissolved in 1 litre of water. The depression in freezing point
observed for this strength of acid was 0.0205°C. Calculate the van’t Hoff factor and the dissociation constant of acid.
Ans:Mass = Density × Volume
∴ Mass of acetic acid = 1.06g mL-1 × 0.6mL = 0.636g
Number of moles of acetic acid =\frac{\text{Masso facetic acid}}{\text{Molar mass}}
=\frac{0.636\text{ g}}{60\text{ g mol}^{-1}}=0.0106\text{ mol}
Mass of water = 1g mL-1 × 1000mL = 100g
\text{Molality}=\frac{\text{Number of moleso facetic acid}}{\text{Mass of water in grams}}\times1000
=\frac{0.0106}{1000}\times1000=0.0106\text{ mol kg}^{-1}
\Delta\text{T}_{\text{f}}=\text{K}_\text{f}.\text{m}
= 1.86K kg mol-1 × 0.0106 mol kg-1
= 0.0197K
Van't Hoff Factor (\text{i})=\frac{\text{Observed freezing point}}{\text{Calculated freezing point}}=\frac{0.0205\text{
K}}{0.0197\text{ K}}
i = 1.041 ...(i)
If \alpha is the degree of dissociation of acetic acid, then we would have \text{n}(1-\alpha) moles of undissociated
acid, \text{n}\alpha moles of CH3-COO- and \text{n}\alpha moles of H+ ions at equilibrium.
\text{CH}^3-\text{COOH}\rightleftharpoons\text{H}^++\text{CH}^3-\text{COO}^-\\\text{n mol}\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
\ \ \ \ \ 0\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 0\\\text{n}(1-\alpha)\ \ \ \ \ \text{n}\alpha\text{ mol}\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
\text{n}\alpha\text{ mol}
Thus total moles of particles =\text{n}-\text{n}\alpha+\text{n}\alpha+\text{n}\alpha=\text{n}(1+\alpha)
\text{i}=\frac{\text{Total number of moles of particles after dissociation}}{\text{Number of moles of particles before
dissociation}}
\text{i}=\frac{\text{n}(1+\alpha)}{\text{n}}=1+\alpha\dots(\text{ii})
From (i) and (ii), we have
1.041=1+\alpha\Rightarrow\ \alpha=1.041-1=0.041
\text{K}_\text{a}=\frac{[\text{CH}_3-\text{COO}][\text{H}^+]}{[\text{CH}_3-\text{COOH}]}
[\text{CH}_3-\text{COOH}]=\text{n}(1-\alpha)=0.0106(1-0.041)
=0.0106\times0.959

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[\text{H}^+]=\text{n}\alpha=0.106\times0.041;
[\text{CH}_3-\text{COO}^-]=\text{n}\alpha=0.0106\times0.041
\therefore\ \text{K}_\text{a}=\frac{0.0106\times0.041\times0.0106\times0.041}{0.0106\times0.959}
=1.86\times10^{-5}
Q33.Read the passage given below and answer the following questions:
An ideal solution may be defined as the solution which obeys Raoult's law exactly over the entire range of concentration. The
solutions for which vapour pressure is either higher or lower than that predicted by Raoult's law are called non-ideal
solutions.Non-ideal solutions can show either positive or negative deviations from Raoult's law depending on whether the A-B
interactions in solution are stronger or weaker than A - A and B - B interactions.
The following questions are multiple choice questions. Choose the most appropriate answer:
1. Which of the following solutions is/are ideal solution(s)?
1. Bromoethane and iodoethane.
2. Acetone and chloroform
3. Benzene and acetone
4. n-heptane and n-hexane
1. Only I
2. I and II
3. II and III
4. I and Iv
2. For which of the following solutions \Delta\text{H}_{\text{mix}} and \Delta\text{V}_{\text{mix}} is negative?
1. Acetone and aniline
2. Ethyl alcohol and cyclohexane
3. Acetone and CS2
4. Benzene and toluene
3. Which of the following is not true for positive deviations?
1. The A-B interactions in solution are weaker than the A - A and B - B interactions.
2. \text{P}_\text{A}<\text{P}\mathring{\text{A}}\ \text{x}_\text{A} and \text{P}_\text{B}<\text{P}\mathring{\text{B}}\
\text{x}_\text{B}
3. Carbon tetrachloride and chloroform mixture isCHE MISTRY
an example HUB deviations.
of positive
4. All of these.
4. For water and nitric acid mixture, which of the given graph is correct?

1.

2.

1. Both of these
2. None of these
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5. Water-HCI mixture.
1. Shows positive deviations.
2. Forms minimum boiling azeotrope.
3. Shows negative deviations.
4. Forms maximum boiling azeotrope.
1. I and II
2. I and III
3. I and IV
4. III and IV
Ans:1. (d) I and Iv
Explanation:
II represents negative deviations and III represents positive deviations.
2. (a) Acetone and aniline
Explanation:
Acetone and aniline mixture represents negative deviations from Raoult's law, hence for this mixture,
\Delta\text{H}_{\text{mix}} and \Delta\text{V}_{\text{mix}} is negative.
3. (b) \text{P}_\text{A}<\text{P}\mathring{\text{A}}\ \text{x}_\text{A} and \text{P}_\text{B}
<\text{P}\mathring{\text{B}}\ \text{x}_\text{B}
Explanation:
For positive deviations \text{P}_\text{A}<\text{P}\mathring{\text{A}}\ \text{x}_\text{A} and \text{P}_\text{B}
<\text{P}\mathring{\text{B}}\ \text{x}_\text{B}
4. (b)

CHEMISTRY HUB

Explanation:
Water and nitric acid mixture shows negative deviations from Raoult's law, hence
\text{P}_\text{A}<\text{P}\mathring{\text{A}}\ \text{x}_\text{A} and \text{P}_\text{B}
<\text{P}\mathring{\text{B}}\ \text{x}_\text{B}
5. (d) III and IV
Explanation:
Water-HCI mixture shows negative deviations from Raoult's law and solutions showing negative deviations from ideal
behaviour form maximum boiling azeotrope.
Q34.Read the passage given below and answer the following questions:
At 298 K, the vapour pressure of pure benzene, C6, H6 is 0.256 bar and the vapour pressure of pure toluene C6 H5 CH3 is
0.0925 bar. Two mixtures were prepared as follows:
1. 7.8g of C6 H6 + 9.2g of toluene
2. 3.9g of C6 H6 + 13.8g of toluene
The following questions are multiple choice questions. Choose the most appropriate answer:
1. The total vapour pressure (bar) of solution I is.
1. 0.128
2. 0.174
3. 0.198
4. 0.258
2. Which of the given solutions have higher vapour pressure?
1. I
2. II
3. Both have equal vapour pressure
4. Cannot be predicted
3. Mole fraction of benzene in vapour phase in solution I is.
1. 0.128
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2. 0.174
3. 0.734
4. 0.266
4. Which of the following statements is/are correct?
1. Mole fraction of toluene in vapour phase is more in solution I.
2. Mole fraction of toluene in vapour phase is less in solution I.
3. Mole fraction of benzene in vapour phase is less in solution I.
1. Only II
2. Only I
3. I and III
4. II and III
5. Solution I is an example of a/an.
1. Ideal solution.
2. Non-ideal solution with positive deviation.
3. Non-ideal solution with negative deviation.
4. Can't be predicted.
Ans:1. (b) 0.174
Explanation:
Moles of C6 H6 =\frac{7.8}{78}=0.1
Moleso C6 H5 CH3 =\frac{9.2}{92}=0.1
Mole fraction of C6 H6 =\frac{0.1}{0.1+0.1}=0.5
⇒ Mole fraction of C6 H5 CH3 = 0.5
Vapour pressure of toluene = Vapour pressure of pure toluene × mole fraction of toluene = 0.0925 × 0.5 = 0.04625
Vapour pressure of benzene = 0.256 × 0.5 = 0.128
Total vapour pressure of solution = 0.17425
2. (a) I
Explanation:
Moles of benzene in solution-II =\frac{3.9}{78}=0.05
CHEMISTRY HUB
Moles of toluene in solution-II =\frac{13.8}{92}=0.15
Vapour pressure of solution = 0.256 × 0.05 + 0.0925 × 0.15
= 0.0128 + 0.013875 = 0.026675
3. (c) 0.734
Explanation:
Mole fraction of benzene in vapour phase
\text{y}_{\text{benzene}}=\frac{\text{p}_{\text{benzwne}}}{\text{P}_{\text{total}}}=\frac{0.128}{0.17425}=0.734
4. (a) Only II
Explanation:
Mole fraction of toluene in vapour phase in Solution-I =\frac{0.04625}{0.17425}=0.2654
Mole fraction of toluene in vapour phase in Solution-II =\frac{0.013875}{0.026675}=0.520
Mole fraction of toluene in vapour phase in Solution-II is greater than in Solution-I.
Hence, statement II is correct
Mole fraction of benzene in vapour phase in Solution-I = 0.734 Mole fraction of benzene in vapour phase in Soution-Il
=\frac{0.0128}{0.026675}=0.479
Thus, mole fraction of benzene in vapour phase is less in Solution-II.
5. (a) Ideal Solution.
Explanation:
Benzene and toluene form an ideal Solution.
Q35.Read the passage given below and answer the following questions:
The phenomenon of the flow of solvent through a semipermeable membrane from pure solvent to the solution is called
osmosis.
Sometimes a pressure is applied to stop the process of osmosis, this is known as osmotic pressure. It is denoted by
\pi. Osmotic pressure is expressed as : \pi=\text{CRT}
Since, osmotic pressure depends upon the molar concentration of solution, therefore it is a colligative property.
A statement of assertion followed by a statement of reason is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.
1. Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for assertion.
2. Assertion and reason both are correct statements but reason is not correct explanation for assertion.
3. Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
4. Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement.
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1. Assertion: If red blood cells were removed from the body and placed in pure water, pressure inside the cells increases.
Reason: The concentration of salt content in the cells increases.
2. Assertion: The osmotic pressure of a solution obtained by mixing 100mL of 3.4% solution of urea and 100mL of 1.6%
solution of cane sugar at 293K is 7.46 bar.
Reason: The total osmotic pressure will be equal to the sum of partial osmotic pressures.
3. Assertion: When a solution is separated from the pure solvent by a semipermeable membrane, the solvent molecules
pass through it from pure solvent side to the solution side.
Reason: Diffusion of solvent occurs from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration solution.
4. Assertion: Two solutions having same osmotic pressure at a given temperature are called isotonic solutions.
Reason: Osmotic pressure is not a colligative property.
5. Assertion: The preservation of meat by salting and fruits by adding sugar protects against bacterial action.
Reason: A bacterium on salted meat or candid fruit loses water due to osmosis shrivels and ultimately dies.
Ans:1. (c) Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
Explanation:
If the red blood cells are placed in pure water, pressure inside the cells increases as the water is drawn in and the cell
swells.
2. (a) Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for assertion.
Explanation:
1. Osmotic pressure of urea,
\text{W}_\text{B}=3.4,\text{V}=200\text{mL}=0.2,\text{T}=293\text{K}
\text{M}_\text{B}=60,\text{R}=0.083\text{L }\text{bar mol}^{-1}\text{K}^{-1}
\pi=\frac{\text{W}_\text{B}\text{RT}}{\text{M}_\text{B}\text{V}}=\frac{3.4\times0.083\times293}
{60\times0.2}=6.89\text{ bar}
2. Osmotic pressure of cane sugar,
\pi=\frac{\text{W}_\text{B}\text{RT}}{\text{M}_\text{B}\text{V}}=\frac{1.6\times0.083\times293}
{342\times0.2}=0.57\text{ bar}
\pi=6.89+0.57=7.46\text{ bar}
3. (b) Assertion and reason both are correct statements but reason is not correct explanation for assertion.
CHEMISTRY HUB
4. (c) Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
Explanation:
Osmotic pressure is a colligative property.
5. (a) Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for assertion.
Q36.Read the passage given below and answer the following questions:
The concentration of a solute is very important in studying chemical reactions because it determines how often molecules
collide in solution and thus indirectly determine the rate of reactions and the conditions at equilibrium. There are several ways
to express the amount of solute present in a solution. The concentration of a solution is a measure of the amount of solute that
has been dissolved in a given amount of solvent or solution. Concentration can be expressed in terms of molarity, molality,
parts per million, mass percentage, volume percentage, etc.
The following questions are multiple choice questions. Choose the most appropriate answer:
1. A solution is prepared using aqueous Kl which is turned out to be 20% w/w Density of Kl is 1.202 g/mL the molality of
the given solution and mole fraction of solute are respectively.
1. 1.95m, 0.120
2. 1.5m, 0.0263
3. 2.5m, 0.0569
4. 3.0m, 0.0352
2. The molarity (in mol L-1) of the given solution will be.
1. 1.56
2. 1.89
3. 0.263
4. 1.44
3. Which of the following is correct relationship between mole fraction and molality?
1. \text{x}_2=\frac{\text{mM}_1}{1+\text{mM}_1}
2. \text{x}_2=\frac{\text{mM}_1}{1-\text{mM}_1}
3. \text{x}_2=\frac{1+\text{mM}_1}{\text{mM}_1}
4. \text{x}_2=\frac{1-\text{mM}_1}{\text{mM}_1}
4. Which of the following is temperature dependent?
1. Molarity
2. Molality
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3. Mole fraction
4. Mass percentage
5. Which of the following is true for an aqueous solution of the solute in terms of concentration?
1. 1M = 1m
2. 1M > 1m
3. 1M < 1m
4. Cannot be predicted
Ans:1. (b) 1.5m, 0.0263
Explanation:
Molar mass of Kl = 166 g/mol
\text{n}_\text{Kl}=\frac{20}{166}=0.12\text{mol}
\text{Molality}=\frac{\text{n}_{\text{Kl}}}{\text{w}_{\text{H}_2\text{O}}}\times1000=\frac{0.12}
{80}\times1000=1.5\text{m}
\text{n}_\text{kl}=0.12\ \text{and}\ \text{n}_\text{water}=\frac{80}{18}=4.44
\text{x}_\text{kl}=\frac{\text{n}_\text{Kl}}{\text{n}_\text{Kl}+\text{n}_{\text{H}_2\text{O}}}=\frac{0.12}
{0.12+4.44}=0.0263
2. (d)1.44
Explanation:
Density of solution = 1.202 g/mL
Volume of solution =\frac{100\text{g}}{1.202\text{g/mL}}=83.2\text{mL}
\text{Molarity}=\frac{\text{n}_\text{Kl}}{\text{Volume of solution in L}}
=\frac{0.120\text{mol}}{0.0832\text{L}}=1.4423\ \text{moL}^{-1}
3. (a) \text{x}_2=\frac{\text{mM}_1}{1+\text{mM}_1}
Explanation:
\text{x}_2=\frac{\text{n}_2}{\text{n}_1+\text{n}_2};\text{x}_1=\frac{n_1}{\text{n}_1+\text{n}_2};\frac{\text{x}_2}
{\text{x}_1}=\frac{\text{n}_2}{\text{n}_1}
\frac{\text{x}_2}{\text{x}_1}=\frac{\text{m}/\text{M}_2}{\text{m}_1/\text{M}_1}=\frac{\text{m}_2}
{\text{m}_1}\times\frac{\text{M}_1}{\text{M}_2}
CHEMISTRY HUB
\text{Molality}=\frac{\text{n}_2}{\text{m}_2}=\frac{\text{m}_2}{\text{M}_2\times\text{m}_1}
\text{From (i) and (ii)}\ \text{m}=\frac{\text{x}_2}{\text{x}_1}\times\frac{1}{\text{M}_1};\text{x}_1=1-\text{x}_2
\text{Hence,}\ \text{x}_2=\frac{\text{mM}_1}{1+\text{mM}_1}
4. (a) Molarity
Explanation:
Mass does not depend on temperature, while volume does. Hence, molarity depends on temperature.
5. (b) 1M > 1m
Explanation:
1M solution contains 1 mole of solute in less than 1000g of the solvent, whereas 1m solution has 1 mole of the solute in
1000 g of the solvent.
Q37.Answer the following question:
The graphical representation of vapour pressures of two component system as a function of composition is given alongside.
By graphic inspection, answer the following questions:
1. Are the A-B interactions weaker, stronger or of the same magnitude as A-A and B-B?
2. Name the type of deviation shown by this system from Raoult’s law.
3. Predict the sign of \Delta_\text{mix}\text{H} for this system.
4. Predict the sign of \Delta_\text{mix}\text{H} for this system.
5. Give an example of such a system.
6. What type of azeotrope will this system form, if possible?

Ans:1. Stronger.
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2. Negative deviation.
3. -ve.
4. -ve.
5. A liquid mixture consisting of 20% acetone and 80% chloroform by mass.
6. Maximum boiling azeotrope.
Q38.Answer the following question:
What is the freezing point of 0.4 molal solution of acetic acid in benzene in which it dimerises to the extent of 85%? Freezing
point of benzene is 278.4K and its molar heat of fusion is 10.042kJ mol-1.
Ans:Given, \text{M}=78\text{ g mol}^{-1},\ \text{T}^{0}_{\text{f}}=278.4\text{ K},
\Delta_\text{fus}\text{H}=10.042\text{ kJ mol}^{-1}
\text{K}_\text{f}=\frac{\text{R}(\text{T}^0_\text{f})^2\text{M}}{1000\times\Delta_\text{fus}\text{H}}
\text{K}_\text{f}=\frac{8.314\times10^{-3}\times(278.4)^2\times78}{1000\times10.042}=5.0\text{ K kg mol}^{-1}
2\text{CH}_3\text{COOH}\rightarrow(\text{CH}_{3}\text{COOH})_2\\\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
\text{Dimer}
\alpha=\frac{\text{i}-1}{\frac{1}{\text{n}}-1}\ \Rightarrow0.85=\frac{\text{i}-1}{\frac{1}{2}-1}
Or \text{i}=1-0.425=0.575
\Delta\text{T}_\text{f}=\text{iK}_\text{f}\text{m}
=0.575\times5\times0.4=1.15\text{K}
\text{T}_{\text{f}}=\text{T}^0_\text{f}-\Delta\text{T}_\text{f}
=278.4\text{ K}-1.15\text{ K}=277.25\text{ K}
Q39. 1. When 19.5g of F – CH2 – COOH (Molar mass = 78g mol-1) is dissolved in 500g of water, the depression in freezing
point is observed to be 1°C. Calculate the degree of dissociation of F – CH2 – COOH.
[Given: Kf for water = 1.86K kg mol-1]
2. Give reasons:
1. 0.1M KCl has higher boiling point than 0.1M Glucose.
2. Meat is preserved for a longer time by salting.
Ans:1. \Delta\text{T}_\text{f}=\text{i}\text{K}_\text{f}\text{ m}
1=\text{i}\times1.86\times\frac{19.5}{78}\times\frac{1000}{500}
CHEMISTRY HUB
\text{i}=1.075
\alpha=\frac{\text{i}-1}{\text{n}-1}=\frac{1.075-1}{2-1}=0.0075\text{ or }7.5\%
2.
1. Due to dissociation of KCl/ number of particles in 0.1M KCl is more.
2. Due to osmosis bacteria loses its water and dies which causes preservation.
Q40.Read the passage given below and answer the following questions: Boiling point or freezing point of liquid solution would be
affected by the dissolved solids in the liquid phase. A soluble solid in solution has the effect of raising its boiling point and
depressing its freezing point. The addition of non-volatile substances to a solvent decreases the vapor pressure and the added
solute particles affect the formation of pure solvent crystals. According to many researches the decrease in freezing point
directly correlated to the concentration of solutes dissolved in the solvent. This phenomenon is expressed as freezing point
depression and it is useful for several applications such as freeze concentration of liquid food and to find the molar mass of an
unknown solute in the solution. Freeze concentration is a high quality liquid food concentration method where water is
removed by forming ice crystals. This is done by cooling the liquid food below the freezing point of the solution. The freezing
point depression is referred as a colligative property and it is proportional to the molar concentration of the solution (m), along
with vapor pressure lowering, boiling point elevation, and osmotic pressure. These are physical characteristics of solutions
that depend only on the identity of the solvent and the concentration of the solute. The characters are not depending on the
solute’s identity.
1. When a non volatile solid is added to pure water it will:
1. boil above 100°C and freeze above 0°C
2. boil below 100°C and freeze above 0°C
3. boil above 100°C and freeze below 0°C
4. boil below 100°C and freeze below 0°C
2. Colligative properties are:
1. dependent only on the concentration of the solute and independent of the solvent’s and solute’s identity.
2. dependent only on the identity of the solute and the concentration of the solute and independent of the solvent's identity.
3. dependent on the identity of the solvent and solute and thus on the concentration of the solute.
4. dependent only on the identity of the solvent and the concentration of the solute and independent of the solute’s identity.
3. Assume three samples of juices A, B and C have glucose as the only sugar present in them. The concentration of sample
A, B and C are 0.1M, 5M and 0.2 M respectively. Freezing point will be highest for the fruit juice:
1. A
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2. B
3. C
4. All have same freezing point
4. Identify which of the following is a colligative property:
1. freezing point
2. boiling point
3. osmotic pressure
4. all of the above
Ans:1. (b) boil below 100°C and freeze above 0°C
2. (d) dependent only on the identity of the solvent and the concentration of the solute and independent of the solute’s
identity.
3. (a) A
4. (c) osmotic pressure
Q41.Read the passage given below and answer the following questions:
The properties of the solutions which depend only on the number of solute particles but not on the nature of the solute are
called colligative properties. Relative lowering in vapour pressure is also an example of colligative properties. For an
experiment, sugar solution is prepared, for which lowering in vapour pressure was found to be 0.061 mm of Hg. (Vapour
pressure of water at 20° C is 17.5 mm of Hg)
The following questions are multiple choice questions. Choose the most appropriate answer:
1. Relative lowering of vapour pressure for the given solution is.
1. 0.00348
2. 0.061
3. 0.122
4. 1.75
2. The vapour pressure (mm of Hg) of solution will be.
1. 17.5
2. 0.61
3. 17.439
CHEMISTRY HUB
4. 0.00348
3. Mole fraction of sugar in the solution is.
1. 0.00348
2. 0.9965
3. 0.061
4. 1.75
4. If weight of sugar taken is 5g in 108g of water, then molar mass of sugar will be.
1. 358
2. 120
3. 240
4. 400
5. The vapour pressure (mm of Hg) of water at 293K when 25g of glucose is dissolved in 450g of water is.
1. 17.2
2. 17.4
3. 17.120
4. 17.02
Ans:1. (a) 0.00348
Explanation:
Vapour pressure of water \big(\text{P}\mathring{\text{A}}\big)=17.5\text{mm}\ \text{of}\ \text{Hg}
Lowering of vapour pressure \big(\text{P}\mathring{\text{A}}-\text{P}_{\text{A}}\big)=0.061
Relative lowering of vapour pressure =\frac{\text{p}\mathring{\text{A}}-\text{PA}}
{\text{p}\mathring{\text{A}}}=\frac{0.061}{17.5}=0.00348
2. (c) 17.439
Explanation:
p = Vapour pressure of solvent - lowering in vapour pressure = 17.5 - 0.061 = 17.439 mm of Hg
3. (a) 0.00348
Explanation:
=\frac{\text{p}\mathring{\text{A}}-\text{PA}}{\text{p}\mathring{\text{A}}}=\text{x}_\text{B}=0.00348
Hence, mole fraction of sugar = 0.00348
4. (c) 240
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Explanation:
\text{M}_\text{B}=\frac{\text{W}_\text{B}\text{M}_\text{A}}
{\text{W}_\text{A}\Bigg(\frac{\text{p}\mathring{\text{A}}-\text{PA}}{\text{p}\mathring{\text{A}}}\Bigg)}
\text{W}_\text{B}=5\text{g},\text{M}_\text{A}=18\text{g},\text{W}_\text{A}=108\text{g}
\text{M}_\text{B}=\frac{5\times18}{108\times0.00348}=240
5. (b) 17.4
Explanation:
=\frac{\text{p}\mathring{\text{A}}-\text{PA}}
{\text{p}\mathring{\text{A}}}=\text{x}_\text{B}=\frac{\text{W}_\text{B}\times\text{M}_\text{A}}
{\text{M}_\text{B}\times\text{W}_\text{A}}
\frac{17.5-\text{P}_\text{A}}{17.5}=\frac{25\times18}{450\times180}=5.56\times10^{-3}
17.5-\text{P}_\text{A}=17.5\times5.56\times10^{-3}
17.5-\text{P}_\text{A}=0.0973
\text{P}=17.40\text{mm}\ \text{Hg}
Q42. 1. A solution contains 5.85g NaCl (Molar mass = 58.5g mol-1) per litre of solution. It has an osmotic pressure of 4.75 atm at
27°C. Calculate the degree of dissociation of NaCl in this solution.
(Given: R = 0.082L atm K-1 mol-1)
2. State Henry’s law. Why is air diluted with helium in the tanks used by scuba divers?
Ans:1. \pi=\text{i CRT}
4.75=\text{i}\times\frac{5.85}{58.5}\times\frac11\times0.082\times300
\text{i}=9.3
\alpha=\frac{\text{i}-1}{\text{n}-1}=\frac{1.93-1}{2-1}=0.93\text{ or }93\%
2. Partial pressure of gas in liquid is directly proportional to its solubility or mole fraction. To prevent ‘Bends’.
Q43.Answer the following question:
g of benzoic acid (C6H5COOH) dissolved in 25g of benzene shows a depression in freezing point equal to 1.62K. Molal
depression constant for benzene is 4.9K kg mol-1. What is the percentage association of acid if it forms dimer in solution?
Ans:The given quantities are,
WB = 2g, WA = 25g, CHEMISTRY HUB
\Delta\text{T}_\text{f}=1.62\text{ K}, \text{ K}_\text{f}=4.9\text{ K kg mol}^{-1}
Substituting these values in equation \text{M}_\text{B}=\frac{\text{K}_\text{f}\times\text{W}_\text{B}\times1000}
{\Delta\text{T}_\text{f}\times\text{W}_\text{A}}, We get
\text{M}_\text{B}=\frac{4.9\text{ K kg mol}^{-1}\times2\text{ g}\times1000\text{ g kg}^{-1}}
{1.62\text{K}\times25\text{ g}}=241.98\text{ g mol}^{-1}
Thus, observed molecular mass of benzoic acid in benzene = 241.98g mol-1
Normal molecular mass of C6H5COOH = 122g mol-1
\therefore \ \text{i}=\frac{\text{Normal molecular mass}}{\text{Observed molecualr mass}}=\frac{122\text{ g
mol}^{-1}}{241.98\text{ g mol}^{-1}}=0.504
\text{i}=0.504\ \dots(\text{i})
If \alpha represents the degree of association of solute then we would have (1-\alpha) mole of benzoic acid left in
unassociated form and corresponding \frac{\alpha}{2} as associated moles of benzoic acid at equilibrium.
Now, consider the following equilibrium for the acid:
2(\text{C}_6\text{H}_5-\text{COOH})\rightleftharpoons(\text{C}_6\text{H}_5-\text{COOH})_2\\\ \ \ \ 1\text{ mol}\ \ \
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 0\\(1-\alpha)\text{ mol}\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \
\frac{\alpha}{2}\text{ mol}
Thus, total number of moles of particles at equilibrium.
=1-\alpha+\frac{\alpha}{2}=1-\frac{\alpha}{2}
\text{i}=\frac{\text{Total number of mole so f particles after association}}{\text{Number of mole so f particles be fore
association}}
\text{i}=\frac{1-\frac{\alpha}{2}}{1}=1-\frac{\alpha}{2}\ \dots(\text{ii})
From (i) and (ii), we have
0.504=1-\frac{\alpha}{2}
\frac{\alpha}{2}=1-0.504=0.496
Or =0.496\times2=0.992
Therefore, degree of association of benzoic acid in benzene is 99.2%.
Q44.A 0.01m aqueous solution of AlCl3 freezes at- 0.068°C. Calculate the percentage of dissociation.
[Given: Kf for Water = 1.86K kg mol-1]
Ans:\Delta\text{T}_\text{f}=\text{iK}_\text{f}\text{m}
0.068=\text{i}\times1.86\times0.01
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\text{i}=3.65\text{ or }3.656
\alpha=\frac{\text{i}-1}{\text{n}-1}
\alpha=0.883\text{ or }0.885
88.3\%\text{ or }88.5\%
Q45.An antifreeze solution is prepared by dissolving 31g of ethylene glycol (Molar mass = 62g mol-1) in 600g of water. Calculate
the freezing point of the solution. (Kf for water = 1.86K kg mol-1).
Ans:The freezing point of pure water is 273.15K. On dissolving ethylene glycol, freezing point, being a colligative property,
will be lowered.
\Delta\text{T}_\text{f}=\frac{\text{K}_\text{f}\times\text{W}_\text{s}\times1000}{\text{M}_\text{s}\times\text{W}}
We are given that
Kf for water = 1.86K kg mol-1
Mass of solute, ws = 37g
Molar mass of solute, Ms = 12 × 2 + 1 × 6 + 16 × 2 = 62g mol-1
Mass of water, W = 500g
Therefore
\Delta\text{T}_\text{f}=\frac{1.86\times31\times1000}{62\times600}
\text{T}_\text{f}=-1.55^\circ\text{C}
Hence, the freezing point of the solution, Tf = 273.15K - 1.86K = 271.29K.
Q46.The freezing point of a solution containing 5g of benzoic acid (M = 122g mol-1) in 35g of benzene is depressed by 2.94K.
What is the percentage association of benzoic acid if it forms a dimer in solution?
(Kf for benzene = 4.9K kg mol-1)
Ans:\Delta\text{T}_\text{f}=\text{i K}_\text{f}\text{ m}
\Delta\text{T}_\text{f}=\text{i}\times\text{K}_\text{f}\times\frac{\text{w}_\text{B}\times1000}
{\text{MB}\times\text{w}_\text{A}}
2.94=\text{i}\times4.9\times\frac{5\times1000}{122\times35}
\text{i}=0.512
\alpha=\frac{\text{i}-1}{\frac{1}{\text{n}}-1}
\alpha=\frac{0.512-1}{\frac12-1} CHEMISTRY HUB
=0.976
=97.6\%
Q47. 1. Differentiate between Ideal solution and Non-ideal solution.
2. 30g of urea is dissolved in 846g of water. Calculate the vapour pressure of water for this solution if vapour pressure of
pure water at 298K is 23-8mm Hg.
Ans:1.
Ideal Solution Non-ideal solution
The solution obeys Raoult’s law at all
The solution does not obey Raoult’s law.
concentrations.
\triangle\text{V}_{\text{mixing}}\neq 0\ \text{and}\ \triangle\text
△Vmixing = 0 and △Hmixing = 0
{H}_{\text{mixing}}\neq0.

2. \frac{\text{P}_\mathring{\text{A}}-\text{P}_\text{A}}
{\text{P}_\mathring{\text{A}}}=\frac{\frac{\text{W}_\text{B}}{\text{M}_\text{B}}}{\frac{\text{W}_\text{B}}
{\text{M}_\text{B}}+\frac{\text{W}_\text{A}}{\text{M}_\text{A}}}
1-\frac{\text{P}_\text{A}}{23.8}=\frac{\frac{30}{60}}{\frac{846}{18}}
\text{or}\ 1-\frac{\text{P}_\text{A}}{23.8}=\frac{\frac{30}{60}}{\frac{846}{18}+\frac{30}{60}}
\text{P}_\text{A}=\frac{46.5}{47}\times23.8=23.5\text{mm}\ \text{Hg}
\text{or}\ \text{P}_\text{A}=\frac{47}{47.5}\times23.8=23.5\text{mm}\ \text{Hg}
Q48.At 300K, 36g of glucose, C6H12O6 present per litre in its solution has an osmotic pressure of 4.98 bar. If the osmotic pressure
of another glucose solution is 1.52 bar at the same temperature, calculate the concentration of the other solution.
Ans:\pi=\frac{\text{W}_{\text{B}}\times\text{R}\times{T}}{\text{M}_{\text{B}}\times\text{V}}=\text{CRT}
4.98=\frac{36\times\text{R}\times300}{180\times1}=60\text{R}\ \dots(\text{i})
1.52=\text{C}\times\text{R}\times300=300\text{CR}\ \dots(\text{ii})
Dividing equation (ii) by (i), we get
\frac{300\text{ CR}}{60\text{ R}}=\frac{1.52}{4.98}
\text{C}=0.061\text{M}
Q49.Calculate the boiling point of a 1M aqueous solution (density 1.04g mL-1) of potassium chloride (Kb for water = 0.52K kg
mol-1, Atomic masses: K = 39u, Cl = 35.5u) Assume, potassium chloride is completely dissociated in solution.

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Ans:Mass of solution = Density of solution × Volume of solution

= 1.04g mL-1 × 1000mL = 1040g
Molar mass of solute KCl, MB = 39 + 35.5 = 74.5g mol-1
\therefore Mass of solvent water, WA = 1040g - 74.5g = 965.5g
As KCl dissociates (KCl → K+ + Cl-) completely, \text{i}=\frac{2}{1}=2
For water, Kb = 0.52K kg mol-1, WB = 74.5g
Substituting these values in the
expression \Delta\text{T}_\text{b}=\frac{\text{i}\times\text{K}_\text{b}\times\text{W}_\text{B}\times1000}
{\text{M}_\text{B}\times\text{W}_\text{A}}
\Delta \text{T}_\text{b}=\frac{2\times0.52\text{K kg mol}^{-1}\times74.5\text{g}\times1000\text{g kg}^{-1}}
{74.5\text{g mol}^{-1}\times965.5\text{g}}
=1.077\text{K}
Boiling point of solution, \text{T}_\text{b}=\text{T}_\text{b}^{0}-\Delta\text{T}_\text{b}
=373.15\text{K}+1.077\text{K}
=374.227\text{K}
Q50.Define azeotropes. What type of azeotrope is formed by a positive deviation from Raoult's law? Give an example
Ans:1. Azeotropes are binary mixtures having the same composition in the liquid and vapour phase and boil at a constant
temperature.
2. Minimum boiling azeotrope.
eg - ethanol+water.
Q51.State Henry’s law. Write its one application. What is the effect of temperature on solubility of gases in liquid?
Ans:Henry’s law states that the mole fraction of gas in the solution is proportional to the partial pressure of the gas over the
solution.
Applications: solubility of CO2 gas in soft drinks/solubility of air diluted with helium in blood used by sea divers or any
other.
Solubility of gas in liquid decreases with increase in temperature.
Q52. 1. Why are aquatic species more comfortable in cold water than in warm water?
2. What happens when we place the blood cell in saline waterRY
CHEMIST solution
HUB (hypertonic solution)? Give reason.
Ans:1. As solubility of gases decreases with increase of temperature, less oxygen is available in summer in the lakes/as cold
water contains more oxygen dissolved.
2. They will shrink, due to osmosis.
Q53.State Raoult’s law for solutions of volatile liquid components. Taking a suitable example, explain the meaning of positive
deviation from Raoult’s law.
Ans:Raoult’s law states that for a solution of volatile liquids, the partial vapour pressure of each component in the solution is
directly proprtional to its mole fraction.
When the solute-solvent interaction is weaker than those between the solute-solute and solvent-solvent molecules then
solution shows positive deviation from Raoults law hence the partial pressure of each component is greater. ex. mixture of
ethanol and acetone or carbondisulphide and acetone behave in this manner.
Q54.Define the following terms:
1. Mole fraction.
2. Isotonic solutions.
3. Van't Hoff factor.
4. Ideal solution.
Ans:1. Mole fraction is the ratio of number of moles of one component to the total number of moles in a mixture.
2. Two solutions having same osmotic pressure at a given temperature are called Isotonic Solutions.
3. Van’t Hoff factor is expressed as:
\text{i}=\frac{\text{Normal molar mass}}{\text{abnormal molar mass}}
4. The solution which obeys Raoult’s law under all conditions is known as an ideal solution.
Q55.State Henry’s law. Calculate the solubility of CO2 in water at 298K under 760mm Hg.
(KH for CO2 in water at 298K is 1.25 × 106 mm Hg)
Ans:The partial pressure of the gas in vapour phase (p) is directly proportional to the mole fraction of gas(x) in the solution.
\text{p}=\text{K}_\text{H}.\text{x}
\text{x}=\frac{\text{p}}{\text{K}_\text{H}}
\text{x}=\frac{760}{1.25\times10^6}
=6.08\times10^{-4}
Q56.State Raoult’s law for a solution containing volatile components. What is the similarity between Raoult’s law and Henry’s
law?
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Ans: For a solution of volatile liquids, the partial vapour pressure of each component of the solution is directly
proportional to its mole fraction present in solution.
If we compare the equations for Raoult’s law and Henry’s law, it can be seen that the partial pressure of the volatile
component or gas is directly proportional to its mole fraction in solution.
Q57.A solution is prepared by dissolving 10 g of non-volatile solute in 200 g of water. It has a vapour pressure of 31.84 mm Hg at
308 K. Calculate the molar mass of the solute. (Vapour pressure of pure water at 308 K = 32 mm Hg)
Ans:According to raoult's law,
\frac{\text{p}^\circ-\text{p}}{\text{p}^\circ}=\frac{\text{w}\times\text{M}}{\text{m}\times\text{W}}
Where,
p° is Vapour pressure of pure water
p is vapour pressure of solvent
w is weight of solute
m is molecular weight of solute
W is molecular weight of solvent
\frac{32-31.84}{32}=\frac{10\times18}{\text{m}\times200}
\Rightarrow\text{m}=\frac{0.9}{0.005}=180
Q58.Define the following terms:
1. Abnormal molar mass.
2. van’t Hoff factor (i).
Ans:1. If the molar mass calculated by using any of the colligative properties to be different than theoretically expected molar
mass
2. Extent of dissociation or association or ratio of the observed colligative property to calculated colligative property
Q59.What is meant by elevation in boiling point? Why is it a colligative property?
Ans:The increase in boiling point of the solvent in a solution when a non-volatile solute is added.
Because it depends upon molality/the number of solute particles rather than their
nature/\triangle\text{T}_{\text{b}}\propto\text{m}
CHEMISTRY
Q60.At absolute zero, an exothermic reaction is always spontaneous but at
HUBtemperatures above absolute zero, we have to consider
both enthalpy and entropy before we can predict spontaneity. Why?
Ans:As ∆G = ∆H –T∆S
The process is spontaneous when ∆G is –ve. Since T = 0 so T∆S = 0, i.e ∆G = ∆H. For an exhothermic process, ∆H is –
ve, therefore at absolute zero ∆G will always be –ve and hence a spontaneous process.
At temp. above absolute zero, ∆S is not zero. It may be +ve or –ve. Hence we have to consider both the ∆H and T∆S for
deciding ∆G and the spontaneity.

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