Santa Barbara National Comprehensive High School

Technical-Vocational Education Department

Industrial Arts and ICT Sector
COMPUTER SYSTEM SERVICING (JHS)
SUPPLEMENTARY LEARNING MATERIALS

Subject: COMPUTER SYSTEM SERVICING

Grade Level: Quarter: Week:

Learning Competency

LO1. Plan and prepare for the task to be undertaken

1.4 Prepare electrical wiring/electronics circuits correctly for

connecting/terminating in accordance with instruction and work site
procedures

Topic: Using Semi-Conductor Devices

INTRODUCTION: In electronics, a circuit is a complete circular path that

electricity flow through. A simple circuit consists of a current source,
conductors and a load. The term circuit can be used in a general sense to refer
to any fixed path that electricity, data or a signal can travel through.

This module is designed to familiarize learners with some of the most

prevalent electronic components and its symbols.
SPECIFIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Upon the completion of this learning material, the learners should be able to:
 Define electronic circuit
 Discuss different types of electronic circuit
 Familiarize the two types of semi- conductor devices
 Understand electronic circuit symbols
 Value the importance of electronic symbols
 Draw electronic symbols

PRETEST: Knowledge Formative Assessment

Direction: Answer the following questions bellow.
PICTURE A PICTURE B

1. What can you say about PICTURE A?

2. Describe PICTURE B.
3. What do you think the two pictures have in common?
4. Do you recognize the two pictures? If Yes, where exactly did you
encounter?
ABSTRACTION

INFORMATION SHEET 1.4.1

Electronic circuit - is a
closed path or paths formed by
the interconnection of
electronic components through
which an electric current can
flow.
Physically, an electronic
circuit can be as small as a pin
point or cover many miles. They are constructed by connecting electronic
components together with conductors, which allow electricity to flow between
the components.

Types of Electronic Circuit

1. Analog Circuit. An analog circuit is a type electronic circuit that can

process any analog signal or data and produce an output in analog
form. Analog circuits are composed of resistors, inductors and
capacitors, and more.
Analog circuit can be used to convert the original signal into some
other format such as a digital signal. Analog circuits may also modify
signals in inadvertent ways like adding noise or distortion. Analog
circuits are classified into two types, namely active analog circuits and
passive analog circuits.

Types of Analog Circuit

 Active Analog Circuit- An active analog circuit is an electronic

component which supplies energy to a circuit.
 Passive Analog Circuit- A passive analog circuit is an electronic
component which can only receive energy, which it can either
 dissipate, absorb or store it in an electric field or a magnetic field.
Passive elements do not need any form of electrical power to operate.

What are the uses of an Analog Circuit?

Analog signals are commonly used in communication systems
that convey voice, data, image, signal, or video information using a continuous
signal.
Analog circuit are used to amplify, process and filter analog signals
and convert them to digital signals or vice versa so the real world and
electronic devices connected.

2. Discrete Circuit. A discrete circuit

is an electronic circuit that
consists of individual electronic
components, such as resistors,
capacitors, diodes, and
transistors, that are connected
together to perform a specific
function.

Used of Discrete Circuit

Discrete circuits are commonly used in electronic devices and systems
where the cost, size, or complexity of integrated circuits is not practical or
necessary. For example, discrete circuits may be used in simple electronic
gadget, hobbyist projects, or as prototypes for larger-scale integrated circuit.

Advantages of Discrete Circuit

 Cost-effectiveness: Discrete circuits are often more cost-effective than
integrated circuits, especially for low volume production or specialized
applications.
 Customizability: Discrete circuits can be designed and optimized for
specific applications, which makes them highly customizable.
 Reparability: Discrete circuits are easier to repair or replace than
integrated circuits since the individual components can be readily
identified and replaced if they fail.
 Higher power handling: Discrete circuits can handle higher power
levels than integrated circuits, making them suitable for applications
that require high voltage, high current, or high power output.
  Flexibility: Discrete circuits can be easily modified or adapted to meet
changing requirements or specifications. This makes them more
flexible than integrated circuits, which are fixed in their functionality.
 Reduced noise and interference: In some cases, discrete circuits can be
less susceptible to noise and interference than integrated circuits due
to the physical separation of the components.

Disadvantages of Discrete Circuit

 Complexity: Discrete circuits can be more complex to design and

assemble than integrated circuits, especially for complex circuits that
require many components.
 Physical size: Discrete circuits can be larger and take up more space
than integrated circuits, especially for circuits that require many
components.
 Limited functionality: Discrete circuits are designed for specific
functions, and they may not be able to perform as many functions as
an integrated circuit.
 Higher power consumption: Discrete circuits can consume more power
than integrated circuits, especially when used in high power
applications.
 Reduced reliability: Discrete circuits may be less reliable than
integrated circuits, especially if they are assembled using manual
labor. The use of individual components also increases the risk of
failure due to component aging, mechanical stress, or other factors.
 Higher susceptibility to noise and interference: Discrete circuits may be
more susceptible to noise and interference than integrated circuits
due to the physical separation of components.

3. Mixed Signal. also called hybrid circuits A mixed-signal integrated

circuit is any integrated circuit that has both analog circuits and digital
circuits on a single semiconductor. Their usage has grown dramatically
with the increased use of cell phones, telecommunications, portable
electronics, and automobiles with electronics and digital sensors.
Integrated circuits are generally classified as digital or analog.
 Mixed-signal ICs contain both digital and analog circuitry on the same
chip, and sometimes embedded software. Mixed-signal ICs process both
analog and digital signals together.

Advantages of Mixed Signals

Mixed-signal IC design provides engineers the potential to reduce the
complexity of multiple integrated circuit designs into one IC. This concept has
already become commercially viable and widely available. Here are some of
the benefits of using mixed-signal IC:
• Reduction in cost
• Reliability improvement
• Protection of intellectual property
• Low power consumption
• Miniaturization
• Improvement in performance

INFORMATION SHEET 1.4.2

Semi-Conductor Devices
A semiconductor is a substance that has specific electrical properties
that enable it to serve as a foundation for computers and other electronic
devices.
Classification of Electronic Components

A. Passive devices - is one that contributes no power gain (amplification)

to a circuit or system. It has no control action and does not require any
input other than a signal to perform its function. In other words, "A
component with no brains!" Examples are Resistors, Capacitors and
Inductors.
 Name Device Symbol Function

Resistor This is the most common

component in electronics.
It is used mainly to control
current and voltage within
the circuit. You can identify
a simple resistor by its
simple cigar shape with a
wire lead coming out of
each end. It uses a system
of color coded bands to
identify the value of the
component (measured in
Ohms)
Capacitor Capacitors, or "caps", vary
in size and shape - from a
small surface mount model
up to a huge electric motor
cap the size of paint can.
Whatever the size or
shape, the purpose is the
same. It stores electrical
energy in the form of
electrostatic charge.
Inductors It is charged with a
magnetic field and when
that field collapses it
produces current in the
opposite direction.
Inductors are used in
Alternating Current circuits
to oppose changes in the
existing current.
 B. Active Devices - are components that are capable of controlling
voltages or currents and can create a switching action in the circuit. In
other words, "Devices with smarts!" Examples are Diodes, Transistors
and Integrated circuits.
Component Device Circuit Symbol Function

Diodes Diodes are basically a one-

way valve for electrical
current. They let it flow in
one direction (from positive
to negative) and not in the
other direction. Most
diodes are similar in
appearance to a resistor
and will have a painted line
on one end showing the
direction or flow (white side
is negative). If the negative
side is on the negative end
of the circuit, current will
flow. If the negative is on
the positive side of the
circuit no current will flow.
LEDs LEDs are simply diodes that
emit light of one form or
another. They are used as
indicator devices. Example:
LED lit equals machine on.
They come in several sizes
and colors. Some even emit
Infrared Light which cannot
be seen by the human eye.
Transistor Performs two basic
functions. 1) It acts as a
switch turning current on
and off. 2) It acts as an
amplifier. This makes an
output signal that is a
 magnified version of the
input signal.
Integrated Integrated Circuits, or ICs,
Circuit are complex circuits inside
one simple package. Silicon
and metals are used to
simulate resistors,
capacitors, transistors, etc.
It is a space saving miracle.

Wires and Connections

Wire To pass current very

easily from one part of a
circuit to another.
Wires Joined A 'blob' should be
drawn where wires are
connected (joined), but
it is sometimes omitted.
Wires connected at
'crossroads' should be
staggered slightly to
form two T-junctions, as
shown on the right
Wires not joined In complex diagrams it
is often necessary to
draw wires crossing
even though they are
not connected. I prefer
the 'bridge' symbol
shown on the right
because the simple
crossing on the left may
be misread as a joint
where you have
forgotten to add a
'blob'!
Electronic Schematic Symbol

Cell Supplies electrical

energy.
The larger terminal (on
the left) is positive (+).
A single cell is often
called a battery, but
strictly a battery is two
or more cells joined
together.
Battery Supplies electrical
energy. A battery is
more than one cell.
The larger terminal (on
the left) is positive (+).

DC Supply Supplies electrical

energy.
DC = Direct Current,
always flowing in one
direction.

AC Supply Supplies electrical

energy.
AC = Alternating
Current, continually
changing direction.

Fuse A safety device which

will 'blow' (melt) if the
current flowing through
it exceeds a specified
value.
 Transformer Two coils of wire linked
by an iron core.
Transformers are used
to step up (increase)
and step down
(decrease) AC voltages.
Energy is transferred
between the coils by
the magnetic field in
the core. There is no
electrical connection
between the coils.
Earth A connection to earth. For
(Ground) many electronic circuits
this is the 0V (zero volts)
of the power supply, but
for mains electricity and
some radio circuits it
really means the earth. It
is also known as ground.

Switches

Push Switch A push switch allows

(push- to- make) current to flow only
when the button is
pressed. This is the
switch used to operate
a doorbell.
Push-to- Break Switch This type of push
switch is normally
closed (on); it is open
(off) only when the
button is pressed.

On- Off Switch SPST = Single Pole,

(SPST) Single Throw.
An on-off switch allows
current to flow only
when it is in the closed
(on) position.
2- way Switch SPDT = Single Pole,
(SPDT) Double Throw.
A 2-way changeover
switch directs the flow
of current to one of
two routes according
to its position. Some
SPDT switches have a
central off position and
are described as 'on-
off-on'.
Dual On-Off Switch DPST = Double Pole,
(DPST) Single Throw.
A dual on-off switch
which is often used to
switch mains electricity
because it can isolate
both the live and
neutral connections.