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Two Types of Cells Prokaryotic Cellseukaryotic Cells

gen bio 11

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35 views2 pages

Two Types of Cells Prokaryotic Cellseukaryotic Cells

gen bio 11

Uploaded by

ramcallo7
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Two Types of Cells

There is another basic cell structure that is present in many but not all living
cells: the nucleus. The nucleus of a cell is a structure in the cytoplasm that
is surrounded by a membrane (the nuclear membrane) and contains, and
protects, most of the cell's DNA. Based on whether they have a nucleus,
there are two basic types of cells: prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells.

Prokaryotic Cells

Prokaryotic cells are cells without a nucleus. The DNA in prokaryotic cells
is in the cytoplasm rather than enclosed within a nuclear membrane.
Prokaryotic cells are found in single-celled organisms, such as bacteria, like
the one shown in Figure below. Organisms with prokaryotic cells are
called prokaryotes. They were the first type of organisms to evolve and are
still the most common organisms today.

Prokaryotic Cell. This diagram shows the structure of a typical prokaryotic


cell, a bacterium. Like other prokaryotic cells, this bacterial cell lacks a
nucleus but has other cell parts, including a plasma membrane, cytoplasm,
ribosomes, and DNA.

Eukaryotic Cells
Eukaryotic cells are cells that contain a nucleus. A typical eukaryotic cell is
shown in Figurebelow. Eukaryotic cells are usually larger than prokaryotic
cells, and they are found mainly in multicellular organisms. Organisms with
eukaryotic cells are called eukaryotes, and they range from fungi to people.

Eukaryotic cells also contain other organelles besides the nucleus.


An organelle is a structure within the cytoplasm that performs a specific job
in the cell. Organelles called mitochondria, for example, provide energy to
the cell, and organelles called vacuoles store substances in the cell.
Organelles allow eukaryotic cells to carry out more functions than
prokaryotic cells can. This allows eukaryotic cells to have greater cell
specificity than prokaryotic cells.Ribosomes, the organelle
where proteins are made, are the only organelles in prokaryotic cells.

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