GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY

THROUGH SPEED BREAKER

MECHANISM

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INTRODUCTION :-
This project attempts to show how energy can be tapped and used at a
commonly used system- the road speed-breakers. The number of vehicles
passing over the speed breaker in roads is increasing day by day. A large
amount of energy is wasted at the speed breakers through the dissipation
of heat and also through friction, every time a vehicle passes over it. There
is great possibility of tapping this energy and generating power by making
the speed-breaker as a power generation unit. The generated power can be
used for the lamps, near the speed-breakers. In this model we show that
how we can generate a voltage from the busy traf c. Conversion of the
mechanical energy into electrical energy is widely used concept. It's a
mechanism to generate power by converting the potential energy
generated by a vehicle going up on a speed breaker into rotational energy.
We have used that simple concept to the project.

SCOPE OF PROJECT :-
The utilization of energy is an indication of the growth of a nation. For
example, World average per capita electricity consumption is 2730 kWh
compared to Pakistan s per capita electricity consumption of 451 kWh.
Pakistan has an installed electricity generation capacity of 22,797MW. The
average demand is 17,000MW and the shortfall is between 4,000 and
5,000MW. One might conclude that to be materially rich and prosperous,
a human being needs to consume more and more energy.Pakistan is facing
serious energy crisis at this time Pakistan as third world developing country
is lot affected by this energy crisis in the world .The major issue is electric
crisis which is known as load shedding Pakistan's small manufacturing
markets are lot affected by the rise of energy prices. By just placing a unit
like the "Power Generation Unit from Speed Breakers", so much of energy
can be tapped. This energy can be used for the lights on the either sides of
the Roads and thus much power that is consumed by these lights can be
utilized to send power to these villages.

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 WORKING PRINCIPLE : -
The project is concerned with generation of electricity from speed breakers-
like setup. The load acted upon the speed breaker - setup is there by
transmitted to rack and pinion arrangements.

- Here the reciprocating motion of the speed-breaker is converted into

rotary motion using the rack and pinion arrangement.
- The axis of the pinion is coupled with the sprocket arrangement. The
sprocket arrangement is made of two sprockets. One of larger size and
the other of smaller size (free wheel). Both the sprockets are connected
by means of a chain which serves in transmitting power from the larger
sprocket to the smaller sprocket.
- As the power is transmitted from the larger sprocket to the smaller
sprocket, the speed that is available at the larger sprocket is relatively
multiplied at the rotation of the smaller sprocket.
- The axis of the smaller sprocket is coupled to a y wheel. The y wheel is
coupled to the shaft at axis of the smaller sprocket. Hence the speed that
has been multiplied at the smaller sprocket wheel is passed on to this y
wheel of larger dimension.
- The smaller sprocket is coupled to the larger y wheel. So as the larger
y wheel rotates at the multiplied speed of the smaller sprocket, the
smaller sprocket following the larger sprocket still multiplies the speed to
more intensity. Hence, although the speed due to the rotary motion
achieved at the larger sprocket wheel is less, as the power is transmitted
to y wheel, nally the speed is multiplied to a higher speed.
- This speed which is suf cient to rotate a shaft connected to generator.
The rotor (shaft) rotates the generator.
- The generator produces the DC current. This DC current is now sent to
the storage battery where it is stored during the day time. This current is
then utilized in the night time for lighting purposes on the either sides of
the road to a considerable distance.

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BLOCK DIAGRAM :-

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FABRICATION DETAILS :-
The frame structure for the total unit is fabricated using L-Angle frames and
ordinary frames. These frames are made of mild steel. They are held to
proper dimensions are attached to form a unit with the help of welding.
Then the bearings which are of standard make are kept in place with their
respective shafts through them and are welded to the frame structure. The
shafts are also made of mild steel. Hinges are used to move the speed
breaker arrangement by welding it to the frame structure. These hinges are
responsible for the movement of the speed breaker in an up and down
motion. A rack which are made up of mild steel is welded to the speed
breaker arrangement. A pinion which is also made up of mild steel and
which has Thirty six teeth is tted on the shaft initially, and welded. This
pinion tooth is exactly made to mate with the teeth of the rack.A bicycle
sprocket and chain arrangement of standard make is tted with the larger
sprocket on the top shaft and its smaller sprocket on the bottom shaft. The
sprocket wheels are welded to the shafts. A y wheel that is made of cast
iron is machined suitably to the precise dimensions in a lathe and is placed
on the shaft with its axis coinciding with the axis of the shaft and is welded.
A special stand arrangement is made to seat the 12v DC generator using
frames. A 12v DC generator is placed within the seat and is held rm using
bolts and nuts.

FABRICATION MODEL SHOWING INNER PARTS :-

Wires are connected to the terminals of the DC generator and its other
ends are connected to a Lead-Acid battery. Another wire is taken from
these points on the battery and its other ends are connected to the positive
and negative terminal of an inverter. An output wire from the inverter is sent
to the light.

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MATERIALS USED :-
RACK MILD STEEL

PINION MILD STEEL

SPROKET WHEEL MILD STEEL

SPRINGS MILD STEEL

SPEED BREAKER MILD STEEL

SHAFT MILD STEEL

GENERATOR 12 V DC

BATTERY LEAD ACID BATTERY

INVERTER 250 W AC

ADVANTAGES :-
- Pollution free power generation.
- Simple construction, mature technology, and easy maintenance.
- No manual work necessary during generation.
- Energy available all year round.
- No fuel transportation problem.
- No consumption of any fossil fuel which is non-renewable source of energy.
- Uninterrupted power generation during day and night.
- Maximum utilization of energy.
- Load to the piston cylinder arrangement is freely got by movement of vehicles.
- No fuel storage is required.
- It will work with light weight and heavy vehicle

DISADVANTAGES :-
- We have to check mechanism from time to time.
- It can get rusted in rainy season.

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CONCLUSION & FUTURE SCOPE :-
It is a non conventional type of producing the energy. The existing source of
energy such as coal, oil etc may not be adequate to meet the ever increasing
energy demands. These conventional sources of energy are also depleting and
may be exhausted at the end of the century or beginning of the next century.
Consequently sincere and untiring efforts shall have to be made by engineers in
exploring the possibilities of harnessing energy from several non-conventional
energy sources. This project is a one step to path of that way. The overall goal
was to design the speed breaker System while keeping the engineering, producer
and customer models in check. The reason why this feature was used more than
all of the other features are because the other features would not have as much
effect on the complete system. By changing the size and desirable price, weight
and capacity can be realized. We used a survey to nd out how the price, weight
and capacity were scaled. Much was learned on how to and not to conduct a
survey.

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